Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Acer platanoides
|
Norway maple
|
Petiole longer than leaf, milky sap from petiole,
|
|
Acer rubrum
|
red maple
|
Opposite, petiolate, palmately lobed, very variable in shape and pubescence, light green-blue abaxially, dull green adaxially, to +10cm long and broad. Petioles typically with some red, glabrous to pubescent, to +10cm long.Inflorescence - Staminate and pistillate flowers appearing on different plants (dioecious).Flowering - March - April.
|
|
Acer rubrum
|
red maple
|
|
|
Acer saccharinum
|
silver maple
|
LEAVES: 5 lobed. 5 major veins. Serrated margins. Palmate venation. Terminal lobe is widest above the middle and narrower at the base with no serrations below the middle. Silver under the leaf. Deep sinuses.
BARK: Gets flaky when older and smooth when young. Double samara. |
|
Acer saccharinum
|
silver maple
|
|
|
Acer saccharum
|
sugar maple
|
|
|
Acer saccharum
|
sugar maple
|
|
|
Betula nigra
|
river birch
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately-veined, rhombic to ovate, 1 1/2 to 3 inches long, conspicuously doubly serrate, with a wedge-shaped base, green above, paler and fuzzy below.
Flower: Monoecious; preformed, reddish green, male catkins near the end of the twig, 2 to 3 inches long; female catkins upright, 1/4 to 1/2 inch long, light green, appear or elongate (males) in mid-spring. Fruit: Cone-like, aggregate, 1 to 1 1/2 inches long, with many hairy scales, reddish brown, containing many tiny, 3-winged seeds, ripen and break apart in the fall. Twig: Slender, orangish brown in color, smooth or slightly pubescent, with the terminal bud absent. Lateral buds may be slightly pubescent. No wintergreen odor when cut. Bark: Smooth on young trees, salmon to rust colored; developing papery scales, exfoliating horizontally with several colors (creamy to orangish-brown) visible; later developing coarse scales. |
|
Betula nigra
|
river birch
|
|
|
Betula papyrifera
|
paper birch
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately-veined, ovate in shape, 3 to 5 inches long, with irregularly doubly serrate margins, an acute tip and rounded base (occasionally heart-shaped), green above and paler below.
Flower: Monoecious; preformed male catkins near the end of the twig in groups of 2 to 5, 3/4 to 1 1/4 inches long; female are upright, 1 to 1 1/4 inches long, appear or elongate (males) in mid-spring. Fruit: Cone like, cylindrical 1 to 1 1/2 inches long, deciduous at maturity, releasing elliptical 2-winged nutlets, mature in the autumn and disperse over the winter. Twig: Slender, dull red-brown, numerous lighter lenticels, lacking wintergreen smell when cut; terminal bud absent, lateral buds are gummy, green and chestnut brown in color, spur shoots present on older growth. Bark: Reddish brown with light lenticels on very young stems; later turning chalky to creamy white, peeling in horizontal papery strips; brown to black and may be furrowed at base; orange inner bark. |
|
Betula papyrifera
|
paper birch
|
|
|
Betula pendula
|
European white birch
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately-veined, ovate to nearly triangular in shape, 2 to 4 inches long, long pointed at the tip, with doubly serrate margins, green above and paler below
Flower: Monoecious; preformed male catkins near the end of the twig, mostly in groups of 2 and 3; females upright, slender, light green, 1 inch long, appearing or elongating (males) in the spring. Fruit: Cone like, cylindrical, 1 inch long, deciduous at maturity releasing tiny, 2-winged nutlets; maturing in late summer and dispersed in early autumn. Twig: Twigs are slender, reddish brown in color and noticeably drooping, loighter colored lenticels are present, but do not result in a rough feeling twig (as in gray birch), buds slender, pointed, green and brown. Bark: Reddish brown with light lenticels when very young, later turning white, generally smooth but does peel a bit; the base of the tree develops thick bark which splits into narrow, vertical furrows which are nearly black. |
|
Betula pendula
|
European white birch
|
|
|
Carya illinoinensis
|
pecan
|
Leaf: Alternate, pinnately compound with 9 to 15 finely serrate and often curved leaflets, 12 to 18 inches long.
Flower: Monecious; male flowers in hanging, yellow-green catkins, often in pairs of three (4 to 5 inches long); females are small and yellowish green, 4-angled. Fruit: Large, oblong, brown, splotched with black, thin shelled nuts, 1 1/2 to 2 inches long, husks are thin, usually occur in clusters on trees, mature in fall. Twig: Moderately stout, light brown, fuzzy (particularly when young); leaf scars large and three lobed; buds are yellowish brown to brown, hairy, with terminal buds 1/4 to 1/2 inch long. Bark: Smooth when young, becoming narrowly fissured into thin broken strips, often scaly. |
|
Carya illinoinensis
|
pecan
|
|
|
Carya ovata
|
shagbark hickory
|
Leaf: Alternate, pinnately compound, 8 to 14 inches long with 5 (sometimes 7) leaflets, lateral leaflets are obovate to lanceolate, terminal leaflets are much larger than the laterals, margins serrate and ciliate, rachis stout and mostly glabrous; green above and paler below.
Flower: Monoecious; male flowers are yellow-green catkins, hanging in 3's, 2 to 3 inches long; females are very short, in clusters at the end of branches, both appear spring. Fruit: Nearly round, 1 1/2 to 2 inches, with a very thick husk; nut is distinctly 4-ribbed, and the seed is sweet and delicious; maturing in fall. Twig: Stout and usually tomentose, but may be somewhat pubescent near terminal bud, numerous lighter lenticels; leaf scars are raised, 3-lobed to semicircular - best described as a "monkey face"; terminal bud is large, brown, and pubescent, covered with 3 to 4 brown scales, more elongated than other hickories. Bark: At first smooth and gray, later broken into long, wide plates attached at the middle, curving away from the trunk resulting in a coarsely shaggy appearance. |
|
Carya ovata
|
shagbark hickory
|
|
|
Celtis occidentalis
|
common hackberry
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, ovate, 2 to 5 inches long, serrated margin, pinnately veined, with acuminate tip and an inequilateral base, three distinct veins originate from base, maybe hairy or scruffy, green above and paler and somewhat pubescent below.
Flower: Monoecious; very small (1/8 inch), light green, produced on stalks from new leaf axils. Each flower with a 4 or 5 lobed calyx, appearing in spring. Fruit: Round drupe, 1/4 to 3/8 inch in diameter, turning orange-red to dark purple when ripe, flesh is thin and quite dry but edible and sweet, enclosing a large pit, maturing in early fall. Twig: Slender, zigzag, light red-brown with numerous lighter lenticels; terminal bud is lacking, but a pseudoterminal bud is present. Lateral buds are small, tan, triangular, and appressed, pith is often chambered at the nodes. Bark: Smooth and gray-brown when young, soon developing corky, individual "warts" which later develop into rough corky, irregular ridges. |
|
Celtis occidentalis
|
common hackberry
|
|
|
Fagus sylvatica
|
European beech
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, ovate or elliptical, 2 to 4 inches long, pinnately-veined (7 to 9 pairs), with a nearly entire to somewhat toothed or wavy margin. Fine hairs present on margin with tomentum on veins. Shiny green in color, but purple varieties are planted.
Flower: Monoecious; male flowers borne on globose heads hanging from a slender stalk, female flowers borne on shorter spikes. Flowers appear just after leaves in the spring. Fruit: Nuts are irregularly triangular, shiny brown and edible, found in pairs within a woody husk covered with spines, 1 inch long, maturing in the fall. Twig: Slender, zigzag, light brown in color; buds are long (1 inch), light brown, and slender, covered with overlapping scales that are tinged with tomentum, widely divergent from stems. Bark: Smooth, thin, and dark gray-blue in color, smooth even on the largest stems, may be mottled. |
|
Fagus sylvatica
|
European beech
|
|
|
Fraxinus americana
|
white ash; American ash
|
Leaf: Opposite, pinnately compound with 7 serrate to entire leaflets that are ovate to somewhat lanceolate, 8 to 12 inches long, essentially hairless, green above and slightly paler below.
Flower: Dioecious; light green to purplish, both sexes lacking petals, females occuring in loose panicles, males in tighter clusters, appear after the leaves unfold. Fruit: A one-winged, dry, flattened samara with a full, rounded, seed cavity, maturing in fall and dispersing over winter. Twig: Stout, gray-olive-green, hairless, leaf scars round at the bottom, notched at the top, with lateral buds in the notch; terminal bud is large, brown, with leathery scales and flanked by two lateral buds. Bark: Ashy gray to brown in color, with interlacing corky ridges forming obvious diamonds; older trees may be scaly. |
|
Fraxinus americana
|
white ash; American ash
|
|
|
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
|
green ash
|
Leaf: Opposite, pinnately compound with 7 to 9 serrate leaflets that are lanceolate to elliptical in shape, entire leaf is 6 to 9 inches long, green above and glabrous to silky-pubescent below.
Flower: Dioecious; light green to purplish, both sexes lacking petals, females occuring in loose panicles, males in tighter clusters, appear after the leaves unfold. Fruit: A single-winged, dry, flattened samara with a slender, thin seed cavity, maturing in autumn and dispersing over winter. Twig: Stout to medium texture, gray to green-brown and either glabrous or pubescent, depending on variety; leaf scars are semicircular to flat across the top, with lateral buds sitting on top of leaf scar (not down in a in notch as with white ash). Bark: Ashy gray to brown in color, with interlacing corky ridges forming obvious diamonds; older trees may be somewhat scaly. |
|
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
|
green ash
|
|
|
Ginkgo biloba
|
ginkgo; maidenhair tree
|
dichotomous veination, gray bark,
|
|
Ginkgo biloba
|
ginkgo; maidenhair tree
|
|
|
Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis
|
thornless honeylocust
|
Leaves:alternate, pinnate and bipinnately compound, small leaflets
* Buds: terminals absent, 5 or more clustered at a node * Stem: shiny green, reddish, zig-zag, swollen at nodes "knobby nodes" * Fruit: brown to black pod, strap-shaped and usually twisted8-14" * Habit/size: usually short trunk with broad spreading crown; variable size but achieves 60-75' at maturity |
|
Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis
|
thornless honeylocust
|
|
|
Juglans nigra
|
black walnut
|
large pinnately compound leaves with numerous leaflets
downy, terminal buds, 0.33" long stout stems leaves emit odor fruit is a nut |
|
Juglans nigra
|
black walnut
|
|
|
Liquidambar styraciflua
|
American sweetgum
|
distinguish from maples because leaves are alternate
aromatic foliage distinct shiny fruit balls star shaped pith relatively large terminal and flower buds corky ridges on stems (often absent) for young trees habit is distinctly pyramidal |
|
Liquidambar styraciflua
|
American sweetgum
|
|
|
Liriodendron tulipifera
|
tulip poplar; yellow poplar
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, palmately veined, orbicular, 4-lobed with an entire margin, 4 to 8 inches long, notched to flat top. Somewhat shaped like a tulip, light green to green.
Flower: Perfect, showy, resembling a large tulip, but high in the tree, 2 1/2 inches long, with yellow-green petals and an orange corolla, appearing in late spring to early summer. Fruit: An oblong (cone-like) aggregate of samaras (2 inches long), deciduous at maturity; each samara is 1-winged, 1 1/2 inches long, and curved upwards at seed cavity (resembling the front keel of a boat); maturing August to October and disseminating through late fall and winter; base whorls of samaras persist on fruit into following spring and resemble wooden flowers high in the tree. Twig: Red-brown in color, often with a shiny appearance or a waxy bloom. Stipules are large and encircle the twig; buds are elongated and valvate, resembling a "duck bill". Twigs have a sweet, spicy odor when broken. Bark: Light gray-green and smooth when young, later developing flat-topped ridges and conspicuous white colored furrows in diamond shaped patterns. On older trees sapsucker holes are common. |
|
Liriodendron tulipifera
|
tulip poplar; yellow poplar
|
tulip-shaped leaves
yellow-green tulip-like flowers cone-like aggregate fruits lightly striped gray bark massive size of tree glabrous stems buds greenish and "mitten-shaped" "telescoping" stems due to encircling stipular line |
|
Pistacia chinensis
|
Chinese pistache
|
Leaf: Alternate, pinnately compound, 10 to 12 inches long, 10 to 12 lanceolate to narrow ovate leaflets, entire margins, tapering pointed tips, shiny green above, paler below.
Flower: Dioecious; red to green, males in tight 2 to 3 inch long clusters along last years stem, females in loser, longer groups, somewhat showy since they appear before the leaves in early spring. Fruit: Bright red (later turning dark blue), round drupe, 1/2 inch in diameter, in long grape like cluster that ripen in early fall. Twig: Stout, gray-brown, numerous lighter lenticels, terminal buds large and ovate with obvious large scales; large shield-shaped, raised leaf scars. Bark: Gray-brown with shallow reddish brown furrows, later forming rectangular to almost square flat-topped ridges. Form: Small tree reaching up to 40 feet tall with a nearly equal spread. |
|
Pistacia chinensis
|
Chinese pistache
|
|
|
Platanus occidentalis
|
American planetree; sycamore
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, palmately veined, 4 to 8 inches wide, ovate in shape, with three to five lobes, margins coarsely toothed, petiole bases encircle and enclose the buds, veins may be pubescent below.
Flower: Monoecious; imperfect, both male and females are very small and appear in dense round clusters, typically a single cluster to a stalk, appearing with the leaves. Fruit: A spherical multiple of achenes borne on a 3 to 6 inch stalk. Each seed is tiny, winged, and 1/2 inch long; maturing in November, disseminating in late winter. Twig: Obviously zigzag, quite stout and orange-brown in color; leaf scar surrounds the bud and the stipule scar surrounds the twig; terminal bud is absent; lateral buds are reddish, resinous, with a single, cap-like scale. Bark: Thin, mottled brown, green, tan and white; older stems are gray-brown and scaly. The most striking feature of this tree, often referred to as "camouflage" bark that readily exfoliates. |
|
Platanus occidentalis
|
American planetree; sycamore
|
|
|
Platanus x acerifolia
|
London planetree
|
buds conical, covered by a single scale
leaf scars completely surround the buds petiole base covers buds during the growing season has creamy yellow inner bark fruit in clusters of 2 or 3's and pointed individual seeds, white P. occidentalis has white inner bark, fruit borne singly and blunt individual seeds |
|
Platanus x acerifolia
|
London planetree
|
|
|
Populus alba
|
white poplar
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, 2 to 4 inches long, margins are coarsely toothed and sometimes lobed (maple-like), shiny green above and silvery white-wooly beneath.
Flower: Dioecious; male and female as pendulous catkins, 2 to 3 inches long, appearing before the leaves. Fruit: Cottony seeds borne in dehiscent capsules which mature in late spring to early summer. Twig: Medium-textured, gray to reddish brown and may have some gray pubescence; buds are ovate and pointed, reddish brown with some gray fine hairs, laterals are somewhat hooked. Has a bitter aspirin taste. Bark: Smooth and milky greenish white for several years, later developing numerous lenticels which enlarge and develop into shallow dark splits and ridges. Form: Generally a single straight trunk, with a thin, narrow crown. Coppices readily so it is often forms thickets. |
|
Populus alba
|
white poplar
|
|
|
Populus deltoides
|
cottonwood
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, 3 to 6 inches long, triangular (deltoid) in shape with a crenate/serrate margin. The petiole is flattened and glands are present at the top of the petiole.
Flower: Dioecious; male and female as pendulous catkins, appearing before the leaves. Fruit: Cottony seeds, 1/4 inch long borne in a dehiscent capsule, maturing over summer. Twig: Stout, somewhat angled and yellowish; buds are 3/4 inch long, covered with several brown, resinous scales. Has a bitter aspirin taste. Bark: Smooth, gray to yellow-green when young. Later turning gray with thick ridges and deep furrows. Form: A large tree with a clear bole and an open spreading crown resulting in a somewhat vase-shaped form. |
|
Populus deltoides
|
cottonwood
|
|
|
Populus nigra 'Italica'
|
Lombardy black poplar
|
small, imbricate, appressed buds; reddish brown
deltoid leaf shape serrate leaf margins bright green leaf color red catkins columnar growth habit |
|
Populus nigra 'Italica'
|
Lombardy black poplar
|
|
|
Pyrus calleryana
|
Callery pear
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, heart-shaped to ovate with a finely serrated margin, 2 to 3 inches in length, shiny green above, paler and dull below.
Flower: Large (2 to 4 inches across) clusters of showy white flowers (1/2 to 3/4 inch across) appearing before or with the leaves. Often so dense the entire tree appears white. Fruit: Small (1/2 inch diameter), round, brown pome, very bitter. Twig: Glossy brown to reddish brown, medium in texture, spur shoots present; terminal buds are large (1/4 to 1/2 inch long), ovate, and covered in light brown wooly hairs. Bark: At first smooth with numerous lenticels, light brown to reddish brown, becoming grayish brown with shallow furrows and scaly ridges. |
|
Pyrus calleryana
|
Callery pear
|
|
|
Quercus macrocarpa
|
bur oak; mossy cup oak
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, 6 to 12 inches long, roughly obovate in shape, with many lobes. The two middle sinuses nearly reach the midrib dividing leaf nearly in half. The lobes near the tip resemble a crown, green above and paler, fuzzy below.
Flower: Monoecious; male flowers are yellow-green, borne in long, drooping slender catkins, 2 to 4 inches long; female flowers are green tinged in red and appear as single, short spikes, both appear shortly after the leaves. Fruit: Acorns are quite large (1 1/2 inches long) and 1/2 enclosed in a warty cap that has a long-fringed margin, maturing in one growing season in late summer and fall. Twig: Quite stout, yellow-brown, often with corky ridges; multiple terminal buds are small, round, and may be somewhat pubescent often surrounded by thread-like stipules; laterals are similar, but smaller. Bark: Ashy gray to brown in color and quite scaly, but noticeably ridged vertically on large trees. Form: A large tree that often reaches over 100 feet tall with a long clear bole. In the open it becomes a very wide, spreading tree. |
|
Quercus macrocarpa
|
bur oak; mossy cup oak
|
|
|
Quercus nigra
|
water oak
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, 2 to 4 inches long and extremely variable in shape (from spatulate to lanceolate), may be 0 to 5 lobed, margins may be entire or bristle-tipped, both surfaces are glabrous, but axillary tufts may be present below.
Flower: Staminate flowers borne on catkins. Pistillate flowers borne on spikes, appearing with the leaves. Fruit: Acorns are 1/2 inch long, very dark in color, and 1/3 covered by a flattened cap with appressed scales, maturing in fall of the second year. Twig: Slender, red-brown; buds short, sharp-pointed, angular, red-brown, multiple at the tip. Bark: Dark and quite tight, smooth when young and later with irregular rough patches; much later developing wide, scaly ridges. Form: A medium sized tree with a slender bole and rounded crown with ascending branches. |
|
Quercus nigra
|
water oak
|
|
|
Quercus palustris
|
pin oak
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, 3 to 6 inches long, oval in outline with 5 to 9 bristle-tipped lobes and irregularly deep sinuses that extend nearly to the midrib. Major lobes form a U-shape. Bright green above and pale below with axillary tifts.
Flower: Monoecious; male flowers borne on slender, drooping yellow-green catkins; females reddish green borne on short spikes in new leaf axils, appearing in the spring with the leaves. Fruit: Acorns are 1/2 inch long, striated, round (but flattened at the cap); thin and saucer-like cap, covered with red-brown appressed scales; matures after 2 years, dispersed fall to early winter. Twig: Slender, red-brown in color and quite lustrous with multiple terminal buds that are small, pointed, and chestnut brown. Bark: Gray-brown and very tight and thin; remains smooth for many years, eventually develops thin ridges and furrows. |
|
Quercus palustris
|
pin oak
|
The leaves of Quercus palustris are simple, alternate and deeply lobed with sharp tips. The leaves are similar to those of Q. coccinea, Q. velutina and Q. ellipsoidalis, but Q. palustris is distinguished from all three by glabrous buds that are round in cross-section. The underside of the leaf also tends to have conspicuous tufts of hairs in the axils of the lateral veins (but so does Q. ellipsoidalis, so look carefully at the buds, and acorns if present). The acorns are generally smaller than the other species, but there is overlap in the dimensions. The acorn cap is often less than 6 mm high and less than 1/3 of the total length of the acorn. The other three species mentioned above generally have caps greater than 6 mm high and more than 1/3 of the total length of the acorn. See the key for specifics on identification of Wisconsin oaks, or go to the Flora of North America treatment on the web for more information
|
|
Quercus phellos
|
willow oak
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, 2 to 5 inches long, linear or lanceolate in shape (willow-like) with an entire margin and a bristle tip.
Flower: Monoecious; males borne on slender yellow-green catkins; females borne on very short axilliary spikes, both appear very early with the leaves. Fruit: Acorns are very small, 1/4 to 1/2 inch across, nearly round and yellow-green, turning tan when older, caps are thin, saucer-like and cover only 1/4 of acorn with thin, tomentose, appressed scales. Twig: Slender, hairless, olive-brown in color when young; multiple terminal buds are very small, reddish brown and sharp-pointed. Bark: On young stems, smooth, gray and tight; later becoming darker and forming irregular rough ridges and furrows. |
|
Quercus phellos
|
willow oak
|
|
|
Quercus rubra
|
red oak
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, 5 to 8 inches long, oblong in shape with 7 to 11 bristle-tipped lobes, sinuses extend 1/3 to 1/2 of the way to midvein, generally very uniform in shape, dull green to blue-green above and paler below.
Flower: Monoecious; males in yellow-green slender, hanging catkins, 2 to 4 inches long; females are borne on short axiliary spikes, appearing with the leaves in spring. Fruit: Acorns are 3/4 to 1 inch long and nearly round; cap is flat and thick, covering about 1/4 or less of the acorn, resembling a beret; matures in 2 growing seasons, in late summer and fall. Twig: Quite stout, red-brown and glabrous; terminal buds multiple, quite large, conical, and covered with red-brown, mostly hairless scales but terminal scales may bear some frosty pubescence. Bark: On young stems, smooth; older bark develops wide, flat-topped ridges and shallow furrows. The shallow furrows form a pattern resembling ski tracts. Form: A medium sized to large tree that reaches up to 90 feet tall, develops a short trunk and round crown when open grown, straight with a clear, long bole when grown with competition. |
|
Quercus rubra
|
red oak
|
Dark, lustrous green leaves (grayish-white beneath) with 7-11, toothed lobes which are sharply pointed at the tips. Leaves turn brownish-red in autumn. Insignificant flowers in separate male and female catkins appear in spring. Fruits are acorns (with flat, saucer-shaped cups) which mature in early fall. An abundant crop of acorns may not occur before this tree reaches 40 years old.
|
|
Salix alba 'Tristis'
|
golden weeping willow
|
‘Tristis’ is a popular cultivar that is commonly sold as golden weeping willow in recognition of its bright golden yellow twigs and weeping form. Although its nomenclature is confused, it is considered to be one of the best of the weeping willows. It typically grows to 50-75’ tall with erect branching, an open rounded crown and pendulous golden branchlets that gracefully dip toward the ground. Year old twigs are yellow and pendulous. ‘Tristis’ is dioecious, with non-showy catkins appearing in April-May. Narrow, lanceolate, finely-toothed leaves (to 4” long and 1/2” wide) are bright green to yellow-green above and white-silky beneath. Variable fall color is usually an undistinguished pale yellow to green. From Latin, salix means willow and alba means white. Nomenclature for this golden weeping tree is quite confusing. The Royal Horticultural Society currently lists both Salix alba ‘Tristis’ misapplied and Salix alba ‘Tristis’ ambig[uous] in recognition of the fact that a number of different weeping yellow forms have been given the ‘Tristis’ name or other names now considered synonymous with ‘Tristis’ over the years.
|
|
Salix alba 'Tristis'
|
golden weeping willow
|
|
|
Taxodium distichum
|
bald cypress
|
Leaf: Linear and small, 1/4 to 3/4 inch long, generally appearing two-ranked. When growing on deciduous branchlets the leaf-deciduous branchlet structure resembles a feathery pinnately (or bi-pinnately) compound leaf; green to yellow-green.
Flower: Males in drooping, long panicles; females are subglobose, have peltate scales, and tend to occur near the end of branches. Fruit: Cones are composed of peltate scales forming a woody, brown sphere with rough surfaces, 3/4 to 1 inch in diameter; cones disintegrate into irregular seeds. Twig: May be deciduous or not; non-deciduous twigs are slender, alternate, brown, rough, with round buds near the end of the twig; deciduous twigs are two-ranked, resembling pinnately compound leaves. Bark: Fibrous, red-brown but may be gray where exposed to the weather; old, thick bark may appear somewhat scaly. Form: A large tree with a pyramid-shaped crown, cylindrical bole, fluted or buttressed base and often with knees. |
|
Taxodium distichum
|
bald cypress
|
|
|
Tilia americana
|
American linden; basswood
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, ovate to cordate, 5 to 6 inches long, with serrate margins, pinnately veined, base is unequally cordate, green above and paler below.
Flower: Monoecious; pale yellow, borne below a long, gracefully curving leafy wing in a many branched cluster, several inches long, appearing in early to mid-summer. Fruit: A round, unribbed nutlet (1/4 inch) that is covered with gray-brown hair; occur in a hanging cluster with a curving, leafy bract acting as wing on top of the cluster, ripening in the fall. Twig: Moderately stout, zigzag, green (summer) or red (winter); terminal bud is false, each very plump with one side bulging out disproportionately. Buds are edible but very mucilaginous. Bark: At first smooth and gray-green, later turning gray-brown and becoming ridged with long, shallow furrows and flat topped ridges. The bark is very fibrous. Form: A medium sized tree to 80 feet. Older trees very often sprout from the base when cut. Stumps sprout prolifically, often resulting in clumps of several trees. |
|
Tilia americana
|
American linden; basswood
|
|
|
Tilia cordata
|
littleleaf linden
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, ovate to cordate, 2 to 4 inches long, with serrate margins, pinnately veined, inequilateral base, green above and paler below.
Flower: Monoecious; pale yellow, borne below a long, gracefully curving leafy wing in a many branched cluster, several inches long, appearing in early to mid-summer. Fruit: A round, conspicuously 4-ribbed nutlet (1/4 inch) that is covered with gray-brown hair; occur in a hanging cluster with a curving, leafy bract acting as a wing on top of the cluster, ripening in the fall. Twig: Slender, zigzag, green-brown or red-tinged (particularly in the winter); terminal bud is false, buds are plump with one side bulging conspicuously, edible and when eaten they are mucilaginous. Bark: Gray or brown, ridged with shallow furrows; young stems are brown and soon become ridged. The bark is quite fibrous. Form: A small to medium tree to 70 feet with a dense, round crown. In the U.S. it is typically only seen when open grown where it develops into a small tree as wide as it is tall. |
|
Tilia cordata
|
littleleaf linden
|
|
|
Ulmus parvifolia
|
lacebark elm
|
Leaf: Alternate, simple, elliptical to broadly lanceolate, up to 2 1/2 inches long, pinnately veined, serrate margin; base of leaf is conspicuously inequilateral, shiny dark green above and nearly glabrous, paler below.
Flower: Monoecious; inconspicuous, light green in small tight clusters, appearing in late summer and early fall. Fruit: A flattened, winged samara, nearly round but notched at the top, 1/2 inch long, light reddish brown, occur in tight clusters in the fall. Twig: Slender, zigzag, brown, with obvious orange lenticels, maybe slightly pubescent; false terminal bud pushed over slightly to one side, quite small, ovate, reddish brown. Bark: Very distinctive, even when young. Mottled green, gray and orange, jigsaw-like puzzle pieces separated by red-orange (inner bark). Trunk may become fluted. Form: A small tree reaching up to 70 feet tall with a graceful spreading wide crown made up of fine branches. |
|
Ulmus parvifolia
|
lacebark elm
|
|
|
Zelkova serrata
|
zelkova
|
Alternate, simple, 1 ¼" - 5" long, ovate to oblong-ovate, acuminate, margins sharply serrate, 8-14 parallel veins. Top of leaf rough and dark-green, fall color brown or red to purple. BUDS: Small elmlike, divergent from the stem.
Inequilateral base with single serrated margins (coarse serrations). Sometimes rough on the upper surface. Has a large pointed bud that diverges from the stem. Up to 5" in length. Attenuated tip. |
|
Zelkova serrata
|
zelkova
|
|
|
MAD HORSE
MAD CAP |
Maple, Ash, Dogwood, and Horse Chestnut
Maple, Ash, Dogwood and the Caprifoliaceace Family. |
|
