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83 Cards in this Set
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Unilateral pulmonar edema
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Prolonged lateral decubitus position
Unilateral aspiration Pulmonary Contusion Congenital absence or hypoplasia of the pulmonary artery McLeods Syndrome Thromboembolism |
Pulmonary edema on the same side as the preexisting abnormality
Pulmonary edema on the opposite side as the preexisting abnormality (edema on the side opposite a lung with a perfusion defect) |
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Pulmonary edema
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Heart failure
Non cardiogenic Pulmonary edema Renal, Cerebral disease Near drowning Aspiration (Mendelson's Syndrome) Radiotherapy Rapid expansion of the lungs following thorancentesis Drugs Poisins Mediastinal tumore (obstructing veins lymphatics) Shock lung ARDS High Altitude |
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Wide Spread Air Space Disease
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Edema
Pneumonia infectious Godpasture Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis Hematogenous Mets Fat emboli Lymphoma Sarcodosis Loffler (reverse bat wings) |
Fluid
Blood Hemorhhage Pus Infection Cells |
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Localized Air Space Disease
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Pneumonia
Infarction Contusion Edema Radiation Lymphoma |
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Honeycomb lung
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Collagen Disorders
RA, Scleroderma (lower) Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (upper zone) Pneumoconiosis Asbestos Cystic Bronchiectasis Cystic Fibrosis LCH (mid and upper) LAM TS IPF (basal posterior progreses) Neurofibromatosis (ribbon ribs) |
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Pneomoconioses
Inorganic Dust |
Ferric Oxide (Siderosis)
Silica Coal Dust Asbestos Berrylium Hydrocarbon Radioactive (uranium) Asbestos |
Without Fibrosis
With Fibrosis With Chemical Pneumonitis Carcinogenic Dusts |
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Pnemoconiosis
Oranic Dust |
Mouldy Hay farmers lung
Sugar cane Bagassosis Cotton Linnen Dust Mushroom workers Pidgeon and Bird Fanciers |
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Multiple Pin point Opacities
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post lymphangiography
silicosis alveolar microlithisasis |
Must be of high atomic number to be rendered visible
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Multiple Opacities (0.5-2mm)
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Miliary TB
Fungal Disease CWP (mid zones spare upper, lower) Sarcoidosis Mid zone, ill defined Acute Allergic Extrinsic Alveolitis (micronodulation all zone predominately basal) |
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Multiple Opacities (0.5-2mm)
Greater than soft tissue density |
Hemosiderosis
Silicosis Siderosis |
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Multiple Opacities (2-5mm)
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Carcinomatosis
Lymphoma Sarcoidosis Multifocal pneumonia Pulmonary Edema Extrinsic allergic allveolitis (basal) |
Remaining Discrete
Tending to confluence |
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Multiple Opacities (>5mm)
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Mets
Abscesses Hydatid Fungal Wegeners RA PMF AVM |
Neoplastic
Infectious Immunological Inhalational Vascular |
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Lung Cavity
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Carcinoma (SCC) Cystic Bronchiectasis
Autoimmune Wegeners Vascular Infarction (emboli) Infection (abcess fungal TB echinococcus Trauma pneumatoceles Young Cystic bronchiectasis Sequestered segment |
CAVITY
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Opacity with an air bronchogram
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Pnemonia
Radiation pneumonitis PMF |
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Non thrombotic Pulmonary Emboli
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Septic emboli
Fat Venous air amniotic fluid Tumor Talc |
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Pulmonary Calcification or Ossification
Localized calcification |
TB
Histoplasmosis Coccidioidomycosis |
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Pulmonary Calcification or Ossification
Calcification within in a solitary lesion |
Usually benign
Exceptions Carcinoma arising in pre-existing granuloma Osteosarcoma Primary peripheral squamous cell or papillary carcinoma |
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Pulmonary Calcification or Ossification
Diffuse or multiple calcifications |
Infections TB Histo
Silicosis Mets (mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of colon breat or papillary thyroid) Alveolar Microlithiasis |
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Pulmonary Calcification or Ossification
Interstitial calcification |
IPF
Chronic Venous Hypertension |
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Unilateral Hilar Enlargement
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Lymph nodes
Ca bronchus, lymphoma, infective(TB, Histo, Cocc) Sarcoidosis (unilateral in 1-5%) |
Pulmonary Artery Other |
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Bilateral Hilar Enlargement
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Sarcoidosis
Lymphoma Lymphangitis carcinamatosis Infective TB etc Pulmonary hypertension Immunological mushroom workers Inhilation Silicosis |
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'Egg shell' Calcification
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Silicosis
CWP (only 1%0 Sarcoid (only 5%) Lymphoma following radiotherapy |
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Upper Zone Fibrosis
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TB
Radiotherapy Sarcoid PMF Ankylosisng Spondylitis |
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Basal Interstitial Opacity
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Bronchiectasis
Aspiration Drugs DIP Asbestosis Scleroderma |
BADAS
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Upper Zone Fibrosis
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Cystic Fibrosis
Ankylosisng Spondylosis Silicosis Sarcoid EG TB Pneumocystis carinii |
CASSET P
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Pleural Effusion
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Transudate (< 30 g/l)
Cardiac Hepatic Nephrotic Meigs Exudate >30g/l Infection malignancy Pulmonary Infarct Collagen Vacular Dx Subphrenic Abcess Pancreatitis Hemorrhage Ca Bronchus Trauma Pulmonary Infarction Bleeding Disorders Chylous Obstructed thoracic duct |
Transudate
Exudate Hemmorrhage Chylous |
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Pleural Effusion due to Extrathoracic Disease
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Pancreatitis
Subphrenic Abcess Meig's Syndrome Nephrotic Syndrome Cirrhosis |
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Pleural Effusion with an otherwise normal Chest X-Ray
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Primary TB (40% adults 10 % Children)
Viruses Mycoplasma (20%) Mets Mseothelioma SLE 10% RA 3% see previous card PE Asbestosis |
Infective
Neoplastic Immunological Extrathoracic Other |
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Pneumothorax
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Spontaneos M>F 8:1
Iotrogenic Traumatic Secondary to Lung Dx Emphysema, CF, Neoplasm Pneumoperitoneum |
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Pneumomediastinum
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Lung Tear
Perforation Esophagus Trachea bronchus Perforation of hollow abdominal viscus |
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Right Sided Diaphragmatic Humps
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Any Site
Subphrenic abcess, hepatic abcess, hydatid, Hepatic Met Medially pericardial fat pad, aortic aneurysm, spring water cyst (pleuropericardial) Sequestrated segment Anteriorly Morgagni Posteriorly Bochdalek |
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Unilateral Elevated Diaphragm
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Causes Above
phrenic N palsey, pulmonary collapse infarct Below Gaseous distenion of stomac or splenic flexture DDx subpulmonary effusion Ruptured diaphragm |
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Bilaterally elevated diaphragm
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Above
fibrotic lung disease, bibasal collapse Below ascites,pneumoperitoneum Bilateral subpulmonic effusions |
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Pleural Calcification
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TB
Asbestos Fluid (empyema, hematoma) Talc |
TAFT
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Loculated Pleural Mass
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Loculated pleural effusion
Mets Mesotheliaoma Fibroma Plombage insertion of foreign material into extra pleural space tx for TB |
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Rib Lesions with an Adjacent Soft Tissue Mass
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NEOPLASTIC
Bronchogenic Ca, Mets Myeloma, Mesothelioma neurofibroma INFECTIVE TB, actinomycosis INFLAMMATORY Radiation METABOLIC Renal Osteodystrophy |
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Neonatal Respiratory Distress
Pulmonary Causes |
NO MEDISTINAL SHIFT
HMD TTN Meconium Aspiration Syndrome Pneumonia Pulmonary hemorrhage Mikity Wilson (pulmonary dysmaturity) MEDIASTINAL SHIFT AWAY FROM THE ABNORMAL SIDE Diaphragmatic hernia, congenital lobar emphysema, cystic adenoid malformation, pneumothorax, pleural effusion MEDIASTINAL SHIFT TOWARDS THE ABNORMAL SIDE atelectesis, agenesis |
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Ring Shadows in a Child
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NEONATE
diaphragmatic hernia, interstitial emphysema, CCAM OLDER CHILD Cystic bronchiectasis, CF, pneumatoceles, neurofibromatosis, LCH |
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Drug Induced Lung Disease
Diffuse alveolar opacities |
PULMONARY EDEMA
cocaine, herion , tricyclics, salicates PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE anticoagulants |
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Drug Induced Lung Disease
Focal alveolar opacities |
Phospholipidosis
amiodorone Pulmonary Eosinophilia nitrofuratoin,sulphonamides Vasculitis ampicillin, penicillin |
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Drug Induced Lung Disease
Diffuse interstitial opacities |
Acute interstitial reactions
trans retinoic acids, methotrexate Brochospasm B blockers, aspirin Hilar enlargement phenytoin, steroids |
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HIGH RESOLUTION CT NODULES
Centrilobular |
TB, Endobronchial Tumor, Hypersensitivity Pneoumonitis,
Bronchiolitis |
most peripheral > 5 cm from periphery
tree in bud suggest endobronchial disease |
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HIGH RESOLUTION CT NODULES
Perilymphatic |
Sarcoid, Lymphangitis Carcinamatosis, Lymphoma, LIP, Amyloidosis, KS
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Nodules closely related to pleural surfaces, large vessels and bronchi, interlobular regions
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HIGH RESOLUTION CT NODULES
Random |
Miliary TB, Hematogenous Mets, Fungi, Silicosis, CWP LCH
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Nodule random distribution in relation to secondary pulmonary lobule thus also involve the pleural surfaces
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HIGH RESOLUTION CT - LINES
Interlobular Septal Thickening |
Sarcoid, Lymphangitis Carcinamatosis, pulmonary edema, alveolar proteinosis (smooth with associted ground glass appearance)
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Outlines the Secondary pulmonary lobule and thus contains a central arterial brach. If seen peripherally the lines may extend to the pleural surface
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HIGH RESOLUTION CT - LINES
Intralobular Septal Thickening |
Sarcoid, Lymphangitis Carcinamatosis, pulmonary edema, alveolar proteinosis
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Occurs WITHIN the secondary pulmonary nodule
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HIGH RESOLUTION CT - LINES
Parenchymal bands |
Any cause of pulmonary fibrosis
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HIGH RESOLUTION CT - GROUND GLASS OPACITY
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Interstitial Pnemonitis, Pneumonia (PCP, viral eosinophilic hypersensitivty extrinsic allergic alveolitis)
Pulmonary Edema, hemorrhage, Sarcoid BOOP, Alveolar Proteinosis |
Haze increases lung density without obscuring the pulmonary vessels. Although associated with active disease, in areas where thereis coexistant fibrosis rather than reversible disease
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HIGH RESOLUTION CT - CONSOLIDATION
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PERIPHERAL
pneumonia, neoplasia (brochoalveolar carcinoma), pulmonary infarction PERIBRONCHIOLAR infection (invasisve aspergillosis) Neoplasia (lymphoma, Kaposi Sarcoma) BOOP |
Similar to ground glass vessels are obscured. Pattern of consolidation is useful in determining the etiology
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HIGH RESOLUTION CT - MOSAIC ATTENUATION
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IF AIR TRAPPING THE DIAGNOSIS IS ALWAYS AIRWAYS DISEASE
BOOP, brochiectasis, CF, large bronchial obstruction IF THERE IS NO AIR TRAPPING THE DIAGNOSIS IS VASCULAR DISEASE Pulmonary Emboli |
Reflect vascular obstruction or abnormal ventilation.
Ground glass can look similar and is more common |
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HIGH RESOLUTION CT - PATTERNS OF PARENCHYMAL DISEASE PROCESS
PERIPHERAL |
IPF
EARLY: ground glass subpleural reticulation at lung base LATER: reticulation extends centrally CHRONIC: small cyst formation at subpleural site Asbestos |
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HIGH RESOLUTION CT - PATTERNS OF PARENCHYMAL DISEASE PROCESSES
Central/Upper and Mid Zones |
Sarcoid
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HIGH RESOLUTION CT - PATTERNS OF PARENCHYMAL DISEASE PROCESSES
Peripheral and Central Zones |
Lymphangitis
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HIGH RESOLUTION CT - PATTERNS OF PARENCHYMAL DISEASE PROCESSES
Widespread |
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
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Anterior Mediastinal Masses in Children
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CONGENITAL
Normal thymas, cystic hygroma, mogagni hernia NEOPLASTIC HD NHL leukemia Germ cell tumors thymoma INFLAMMATORY lymphadenopathy |
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Middle Mediastinal Masses in Children
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NEOPLASTIC
NEOPLASTIC HD NHL leukemia Germ cell tumors thymoma INFLAMMATORY lymphadenopathy CONGENITAL FOREGUT DUPLICATION CYSTS bronchogenic, esopgageal duplication, neurentreic cyst (contains neural tissue and maintains a connection to the spinal canal CYSTIC HYGROMA, HIATIS HERNIA, ACHALASIA, CARDIOMEGALY OR VENA CAVAL ENLARGEMENT |
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Posterior Mediastinal Masses in Children
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NEOPLASTIC
Ganglion cell tumors (neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, gangioneuroma) CONGENITAL Bochdalek hernia |
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Anterior Mediastinal Masses in Adults
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REGION I
Retrosternal goitre, tortuous innominate artery, lymph nodes, thymic tumors, aneurysm if the ascending aorta REGION II Germinal cell neoplasms SECT, Thymic Tumors, Sternal tumors (chondrosarcoma, myeloma, lymphoma) REGION III Pericardiac fat pad, diaphragmatic hump, morgagni hernia, pericardial cyst |
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Middle Mediastinal Masses in Adults
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Lymph nodes, Ca bronchus, aneurysm of aorta, bronchogenic cyst
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Posterior Mediastinal Masses in Adults
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REGION I (paravertebral)
lymphoma, myeloma, metastases, extramedullary hematopoiesis, abcess, ganglioneuroma REGION II dilated esophagus, aorta REGION III Hiatus hernia |
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CT Mediastinal Mass Containing Fat
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Diaphragmatic Hernia (omentum), lipoma, liposarcoma, teratodermoid
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CT Mediastinal Cysts
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CONGENITAL
bronchogenic, neuroenteric, enteric PERICARDIAL CYST THYMIC CYST CYSTIC TUMORS lymphangioma, teratoma, teratodermoid PANCREATIC CYST |
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CT Thymic Mass
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Thymoma, thymic hyperplasia, Germ cell tumor, lymphoma, thymolipoma
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VENTILATION PERFUSION MISMATCH
Mismatched Perfusion Defects |
PE, Bronchial Ca TB (apical segments), Fat/tumor Embolism, Post Radiotherapy
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VENTILATION PERFUSION MISMATCH
Mismatched Ventilation Defects |
COPD, Pneumonia, Ca, Lung collapse, pleural effusion
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ACUTE UPPER AIRWAYS OBSTRUCTION
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Choanal Atresia
Laryngeotracheobronchitis Acute Eppiglotitis Retropharyngeal abcess Edema Foreign Body Retropharyngeal hemorrhage |
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CHRONIC UPPER AIRWAYS OBSTRUCTION IN A CHILD
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NASAL
choanal atresia, nasal angiofibroma (teenage male), antachoanal polyp SUPRAGLOTTIC Tonsils, adenoids, laryngeomalacia, micrognathia, cysts GLOTTIC Laryngeal papilloma/polp/cyst SUBGLOTTIC Tracheomalacia, subglottic hemangioma, prolonged tachael intubation, external compressin, respiratory papilomatosis |
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CHRONIC UPPER AIRWAYS OBSTRUCTION IN AN ADULT
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SUPRAGLOTTIC
Carcinoma of the Larynx GLOTTIC Vocal cord paralysis, Ca Glottis SUBGLOTTIC AND TRACHEAL Tracheal malignancy, infraglottic Ca of larynx, prolonged tacheal intubation, external compressin |
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Unilateral transradiant Hemithorax
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ROTATION
CHEST WALL Mastectomy, Poland Syndrome, Poliomyelitis PLEURA Pneumothorax LUNG Emphysema, Macleods, Congenital lobar emphysema PULMONARY VESSELS PE |
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Bilateral Translucent Hemithiraces
With Overexpansion of the Lungs |
COPD
Asthma Acute Bronchiolitis (1st year of life) |
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Bilateral Translucent Hemithiraces
With Normal or Small Lungs (no lung markings) |
Congenital disease producing oligaemia
Pulmonary artery Stenosu Multiple PE Schistosomiasis Metastatic Trophoblastic Disease |
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Bronchial Stenosis or Occlusion
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IN THE LUMEN
foreign body, mucus plug IN THE WALL CA Bronchus, bronchial adenoma, sarcoid granuloma OUTSIDE THE WALL Lymph nodes, mediastinal tumor anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the right pulmonary artery |
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Increased Density of a Hemithorax
With Central Mediastinum |
consolidation
pleural effusion mesothelioma |
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Increased Density of a Hemithorax
With Mediastinal Displacement away from the dense hemithorax |
pleural effusion
diaphragmatic hernia |
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Increased Density of a Hemithorax
With Mediastinal Displacement towards the dense hemithorax |
collapse
post pneumonectomy lymphangitis carcinamatosis pulmonar agenesis and hypoplasia |
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Pneumatoceles
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INFECTION
Staph Areus Strep Pneumoniae Klebsiela Hemophilus Legionella TRAUMATIC Interstitial Emphysema NEOPLASTIC Following tx of pulmonary Mets |
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Slowly Resolving or Recurrent Pneumonia
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Bronchial Obstruction
Inappropriate Chemotherapy Repeated Aspiration (scleroderma, pharyngeal pouch) Underlying lung pathology Immunological incompetance Pnemonias that resolve through fibrosis (TB, Fungi) |
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Pneumonia with Enlarged Hilum
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SECONDARY PNEMONIA
Ca Broncus PRIMARY PNEUMONIAS TB, Viral pnemonias, Primary Histoplasmosis, Coccidiodomycosis |
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Lobar Pneumonia
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Strep Pneumoniae
Klebsiella Staph aureus TB Staph pyogenes |
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Consolidation with Bulging Fissures
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INFECTION WITH ABUNDANT EXUDATE
Klebsiella, Strep, MAI, Yersinia pestis ABCESS Stap aureus CA BRONCHUS |
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BRONCHIECTASIS
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SECONDARY TO CHILDHOOD INFECTIONS
measles, pertussis SECONDARY TO BROCHIAL OBSTRUCTION foreign body, mucus plug CHRONIC ASPIRATION CONGENITAL STRUCTURAL DEFECTS Kartegners syndrome, Williams-Campell syndrome IMMUNODEFICIENCY STATES COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISEASES |
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Single Pulmonary Lesions
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GRANULOMA
Tuberculoma Histoplasmoma MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS Ca Bronchus Metastasis Alveolar Cell Carcinoma BENIGN NEOPLASMS Adenoma Hamartoma INFECTIONS Pneumonia Hydatid CONGENITAL Sequestration Bronchogenic Cyst VASCULAR Pulmonary Infarction Hematoma AVM |
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Tree in Bud
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INFECTION
TB, Bronchopneumonia, Fungal BRONCHIAL DISEASE Brochiolitis CONGENITAL DISORDER CF, Immotile cilia syndrome Others ABPA, Lymphangitis, EG |
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