Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Extraluminal Intra-Abdominal Gas
|
Pneumoperitonium
Gas in Bowel wall (pneumatosis coli, linear pneumotosis intestinalis) Biliary tree Gas Portal Vein Gas Urinary tract gas Abscess |
|
Pneomoperitoneun
ERECT free gas under the diaphragm can detect 10 ml of gas SUPINE Rigglers Sigh Infant air collects centrally producing a round relatve translucency over the central abdomen Falciform ligament may be outlined by fee gas-characterstic curvilinear white line in the right upper abdomen |
Perforation
Iatrogenic Pnemomediastinum Per vagina pneumothorax idiopathic |
|
Gasless Abdomen
Adult |
High Obstruction
Ascites Excessive Vomiting Fluid filled bowel (closed loop obstruction, total active colitis) Large abdominal mass |
|
Gasless Abdomen
Child |
High obstruction Duodenal atresia, volvulus, hypertrohic pyloric stenosis)
Vomiting Fluid filled bowel congenital diaphragmatic hernia |
|
Ascites
Hazy appearaance of entire abdomen bowel gas floats centrally on supine film Bulging flank lines |
cirrhosis
Tumors (meig's, ovarian peritoneal mets) Hypoalbinemia Peritonitis Incresed pressure in vascular system distal to the liver Lymphatic obstruction |
|
Abdominal Mass in a Neonate
Renal 55% |
hydroneohrosis
multicystic kidney infantile polycystic kidneys mesoblastic nephroma renal vein thrombosis renal ectopia Wilm's tumor |
|
Abdominal Mass in a Neonate
Genital 15% |
hydrometrocolpos
ovarian cyst |
|
Abdominal Mass in a Neonate
GIT 15% |
Duplication most common
Mesenteric Cyst |
|
Abdominal Mass in a Neonate
Non Renal Retroperitoneal 10% |
Adrenal hemorrhage
Neuroblastoma teratoma |
|
Abdominal Mass in a Neonate
Hepatosplenobiliary 5% |
hepatoblastoma
hepatic cyst splenic hamartoma choledochal cyst |
|
Abdominal Mass in a Child
Renal 55% |
Wilm's Tumor (2nd most common in childhood just behind neuroblastoma)
Hydronephrosis Cysts |
|
Abdominal Mass in a Neonate
Non Renal Retroperitoneal 23% |
Neuroblastoma 21%
|
|
Abdominal Mass in a Neonate
GIT 18% |
Appedix abscess
hepatoblastoma (more commonly R lobe 40% both) hemangioma choledochal cyst (mass pain jaundice) |
|
Abdominal Mass in a Neonate
Genital 4% |
ovarian cyst teratoma
|
|
Intestinal obstruction in a neonate
High Intestinal Obstruction |
pyloric atresia
pyloric or prepyloric membrane /antral web duodenal stenosis atresia preduodenal portal vein malrotation volvulus Ladds bands jejunal atresia |
|
Intestinal obstruction in a neonate
Low Intestinal Obstruction |
meconium ilues
ileal atresia inguinal hernia small left colon syndrome (maternal diabetes) insoissated milk colonic atresias Imperforate anus (high sacral agenesis and gas in bladder (due to rectovesicular fistula), low perineal or urethral fistula |
|
Abnormalities of Bowel rotation
|
Exomphalos (different from gastroschisis, in which bowel protrudes through a defect in the abdominal wall
Non Rotation (small bowel on the right side large bowel on the left. small and large bowel lie on either side of the SMA with a common mesentary US scan shows SMV to the left of the SMA (opposite to normal location) Malrotation ( the duodenal flexture lies to the right and caudad to its usual position which is to the left of midline in the same axial plane as as the 1st part of the duodenum) The caecum is more usually 95%more cephalad than normal US scan shows SMV anterior to SMA Reverse rotation (rare colon lies dorsal to the SMA with jejunum and duodenum anterior to it) |
|
Intra-abdominal calcification in the newborn
|
Extraluminal
Fetal perforation and meconium peritonitis Intramural bowel atresia meconium ileus intrauterine volvulus Intraluminal Non hereditary intestinal obstruction (Hirscsprungs disease, small bowel atresia, imperforate anus) |
|
Hematemasis
|
Esophagus
hiatis hernia varices neoplasms Mallory Weiss tears Stomach ulcer erosions carcinoma Duodenum ulcer Others Osler-Rendu-Weber (telangiectasia) Connective Tissue disease (Ehrlers Danlos) |
|
Dysphagia
Adult Intrinsic |
Reflux Stricture
Tumors Ingstion of corrosives Iatrogenic RX Pummer-Vinson web Schatzki ring (marks the sc junction above the diaphragm, acute obstruction if internal diameter is < 6mm) Candid (painful dysphagia, can involve entire esophagus Shaggy, Herpes, CMV may cause identical changes) |
|
Dysphagia
Adult Extrinsic |
Tumors
Vascular (abberant left pulmonary artery (anterior indentation) right sided aortic arch (right lateral and posterior indentation)) Pharangeal pouch Goitre Enterogenous/neuroenteric cyst Prevertebral abcess of hematoma |
|
Dysphagia
Adult Neuromuscular |
Achalasia
Scleroderma Chagas Myasthenia Gravi Bulbar/pseudobulbar palsey |
|
Dysphagia
Neonate |
Cleft Palate
Macroglossia Piere Robin Esophageal atresia choanal atresia neuromuscular defects (prematurity, malnutrition, mental retardation) |
|
Pharangeal esophageal pouches
|
Upper Third
Zenkers (post on the left side) Lateral pharangeal pouch and diverticulum (glass blowers) Lateral cervical esopahgeal pouch and diverticulum Killian Jamieson space Middle Third traction Developmental (failure of complete closure of tacheoesophageal fistula) Lower Third Epiphrenic Ulcer Mucosal tear |
|
Esophageal Ulceration
|
Inflammatory
refluc Esophagitis Barret's esophagitis candida esophagitis Viral (herpes CMV) Caustic ingestion Radiotherapy Crohns Disease Neoplastic Carcinoma leiomyoma leiomyosarcoma lymphoma melanoma |
|
Esophageal Stricture Smooth
|
Inflammatory
Peptic Scleroderma Corrosives Iatrogenic Neoplastic Carcinoma Mediastinal tunmors Leiomyoma Othres Achalasia |
|
Esophageal Stricture Irregular
|
Carcinoma
leiomyosarcoma carcinosarcoma lymphoma Inflammatory Reflux Crohn's dx Iatrogenic Radiotherapy Fundoplication |
|
Tertiary Contraction of the Esophagus
|
Reflux esophagitis
presbyesophagus obstruction at the cardia Neuropathy (DM, Alcoholism Cgas) |
|
Stomach Masses and Filling Defects
|
Primary malignant Neoplasms
carcinoma Lymphoma polyps Hyperplastic Adenamatous Hamartomatous SubMucosal Neoplasms Leiomyoma Lipoma neurofibroma Mets Extrinsic Indentation Pancreatic Tumor pseudocyst Slno/hepatomegaly retroperitoneal tumors Others Nissen fudoplication Bezoar lymphoid hyperplasia (association with H pylori) pancreatic rest |
|
Thick Stomach Folds
|
Infalmmatory
Gastritis Zollinger Ellison Syn Pancreatitis Crohns Dx Infiltrative/Neoplastic lymphoma carcinoma pseudolymphoma eosinophillic gastroenteritis Others Menetrieres Dx Varices |
|
Linitis Plastica
|
Neoplastic
gastric Ca Lymphoma Mets Local Invasion Inflammatory Corrosives RX Granuloma (Crohn's TB) Eosiniphillic Enteritis |
|
Gastrocolic Fistula
|
Inflammatory
peptic ulcer crohn's Dx Panceatitis (chronic0 infections Neoplstic carcinoma mets |
|
Gastric Dilation
|
Mechanical Obstruction
Fibrosis Secondary to ulceration malignancy Volvulus (organoaxial associated with hiatis henia verticla axial not associted with HH) Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (string sign barium in narrowed pyloric canal, shoulder sign pyloric mass indendint the barium filled antrum, beak sign incomplete extension of barium into the pyloric canal, Double track sign parralel mucosal folds in the pyloric channel) Proximal bowel obstruction Bezoar Paralytic Ileus postoperative Post Vagotomy Drugs Metabolic Acute gastric dilatation |
|
Bulls Eye target lesion in the Stomach
|
Submucosal Mets
Leeiomyoma Pancreatic rest Neurofibroma |
|
Gas in the Stomach Wall
|
Interstitial Gastric Emphysema
Raised intragastric pressure Post gastroscopy peptic Ulceration Necrotizing enterocolitis Emphysematous Gastritis Diabetes EtOH Corrosive ingestion Cystic Pneumatosis 9often assiciated with COPD) |
|
Cobblestone Duodenal Cap
|
Big Polypoid
Edema Hypertrophied Brunner's Glands (occur in people with renal failue) Crohn's dx varices Lymphoma Carcinoma Small Duodenitis Nodular lymphoid Hyperplsia Fodd residue Heterotrophic gastric mucosa |
|
decreased Absnt Duodenal Folds
|
Scleroderma
Crohn's Dx Stongyloides CF Amyloidosis |
|
Thickened Duodenal Folds
|
Inflammatory
Duodenitis Pancreatitis Croh n's Dx Zollinger Ellison Synd. Neoplastic Lymphoma mets Infiltrative Amyloidosis Eiosinophic enteritis mastocytosis (dense bones) Whipples Disease Vascular Intramural hematoma Ischemia Edema Hyperproteneimia Venous obstruction Lymphatic Obstruction Infestations Worms Giardisis |
|
Dilated Duodenum
|
Mechanical Obstruction
Bands Atresis, wegs, stenosis Annular pancreas SMA Syndrome Paralytic Ileus (particularly due to pancreatitis Scleroderma |
|
Dilated Small Bowel
prox jejunum > 3.5 cm mid small bowel > 3 cm ileum > 2.5 cm |
Normal folds
Mechanical obstruction paralytic ileus coeliac disease, sprue scleroderma iatrogenic Thick Folds Ischaemia Crhn's dx Rx Zollinger-Ellison Synd. Extensive small bowel resection amyloidosis |
|
Strictures in the Small Bowel
|
Adhesions
Crohns Dx Ischemia Radiation Enteritis Tumors |
|
Thickened Folds in Non Dilated Small Bowel-Smooth and Regular
|
Vascular
Intramural hematoma Ischemia Radiotherapy Edema Adjacent Inflamation Hyperproteineamia venous obstruction lymphatic obstruction Early Infiltration Amyloidosis Eiosinophilic Enteritis Coeliac Dx |
|
Thickened Folds in Non Dilated Small Bowel-Irregular and Distorted
Localized |
Inflammatory
Crohn's Dx Zollinger Ellison Synd. Neoplastic Lymphoma Mets carcinoid Infective TB |
|
Thickened Folds in Non Dilated Small Bowel-Irregular and Distorted
Widespread |
Infiltrative
Amyloidosis Eiosinophilic enteritis Mastocytosis Whipples Dx Inflammatory Crohns Infestations Giardiasis Strogyloides |
|
Multiple Nodules in the Small Bowel
|
Nodular Lymphoid Hyperplasia
Crohn's Disease Infiltrative Whipples Disease Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia Mastocytosis Neoplastic Lymphoma polyposis mets Infective typhoid yersinia |
|
Malabsorbtion
|
Mucosal
Celiac Dx Inflammation Ischemia Infiltration Lymphangiectasia Parasites (Giardia ,strongiloides) Digestive gastrectomy biliary obstruction pancreatic dysfunction dissacharide deficiency Anatomical fistula resection jejunal diverticulosis |
|
Protein Loosing Enteropathy
|
Mucosal
Celiac Dx Menetriers Dx Sprue Inflammatory Crohn's Dx UC Rx Ulceration Ca stomach Villous adenoma Venous obstruction Cirrhosis IVC thrombosis Chronic arterial Obstruction Lymphatic Obstruction lymphagiectasia lymphoma retroperitoneal fibrosis Infiltrative Whipple Dx Eiosinophilic enteritis |
|
Lesions in the Terminal Ileum
|
Inflammatory
Crohn's dx UC Rx Infective TB Yersinsia Actinomycosis Neoplastic Lymphoma Carcinoid Mets Iscaemia (cobblestone) |
|
Colonic Polyps
|
Adenamatous
simple tubular adenoam tubulovillous adenoma villous adenoma Familial Polyposis Coli Gardners Syndrome Hyperplastic Solitary/multiple nodular lymphoid hyperplasia Hamartomatous Juvenile polyposis Peutz Jeghera Synd. Inflammatory UC Crohn's Dx Infective Schistosomiasis Amebiasis Others Turcot (+ glioma) Canada Cronkhite |
|
Colonic Strictures
|
Neoplastic
carcinoma lymphoma Inflammatory UC Crohn's Dx Pericolic abscess Rx Ischemia Infective Schistosomiasis Amebiasis TB lymphogranuloma venereum Extrinsic masses Cathartic colon |
|
Pneumatosis Intestinalis (gas in the bowel wall)
|
Primary 15%
Pneumatosis coli Secondary 85% NEC Steroid and Immunotherapy Collagen Disorders (scleroderma, dermatomyositis, JRA) Leukemia Colitis and Enteritis |
|
Megacolon in an Adult
|
Non toxic (without mucosal abnormalities)
Distal obstruction ileus pseudo-obstruction purgative abuse Toxic (with severe mucosal abnormalities) Inflammatory (UC, Crohn's< Pseudomembranous colitis) Ischemic colitis Dysentary (amoebiasis, salmonella) |
|
Thumbprinting in the Colon
|
UC
Crohn's Pseudomembranous colitis Ischemic Colitis Amoebic colitis Schistosomiasis Neoplastic lymphoma mets DDx lymphoma , mets |
|
Apthoid Ulcers
|
In Colon
Crohn's dx yersinia Amebic colitis Ischemic colitis In Small Bowel Crohn's Dx Yersinai polyarteritis nodosa |
|
Anterior Indentation of the Rectosigmoid Junction
|
tumors
abscess hematoma ascites endometriosis hydatid Sx |
|
Widening of the Rectosigmois Junction
|
Normal Variant
Inflammatory UC Crohn's Dx Rx diverticulitis Abscess Neoplastic Ca rectum mets to rectum sacral tumors (plasmycytoma, mets, chordoma, inkid sacrococcygeal teratoma) others |
|
CT of a Retriperitoneal Cystic Mass
|
Pancreas
psuedocyst cystadenona.carcinoma von Hippel Lindau Kidney see later Paraaortic cystic nodes testicular teratoma carcinoma cervix Retroperitoneal cystic tumoe lymphangioma leiomyosarcoma hemangiopericytoma |
|
Ct of Mesenteric Cystic Lesions
|
cysts
pancreatic pseudocyst enteric duplication cyst mesothelial cyst Tumor Teratoma cystic leiomyoma/sarcoma cystic mesothelioma lymphangioma |
|
Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy
|
Neuroendocrine Tumors Pituatary, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, insulinoma, paraganglioma, medullary thyroid ca, carcinoid)
Brai tumors (meningioma, astrocytoma) breast ca Lymphoma sarcoidosis False positive (Bleomycin) Visualization of normal organs (pit, thyroid, spleen, liver, GB,Kidneys, urinary bladder,nasal region and lung hila with common cold) |
|
Localization of Gastrointestinal Bleeding
|
Ulcers benign malignant
vascular lesions tumors inflammtory lesions varices sx anastamosis Meckel's Diverticulum Interssusception Metastatic disease Diverticula False positive Techniques Technecium labelled red blood cells Technecium labelled colloid |
|
Meckel's Diverticulun
Tc Pertechtenate |
Appears at the same time as the stomach
Blood in the bowel would be apparent hwever not rounded like a diverticulun |
|
Localization of Infection
techniques 111ln leucocytes Tc HMPAO hexamethylpropyleneamineoxiime) |
Collection of pus
IBD infected Prosthesis Sinisitis Acute infarcts Myocarditis Rejected transplant Pancreatitis infected tumor |
|
Gallium Uptake
24 hours for inflammatory lesions 72 hours for tumor |
Inflammatory
Inflammation or abscess sarcoidosis diffuse lung disease heart (myocarditis etc) Tumors lymphoma Bronchial Ca Gastrointestinal tumors Hepatoma Normal Variants nasopharynx bowel breast |