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233 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abrasion
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wear that is the result of non-masticatory movements
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Alveolus
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small cell or cavity, hence a tooth socket, alveolus dentalis
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Amphicone
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the result of the initial splitting of the eocone as theorized in the premolar-molar analogy theory
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Anatomic crown
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portion of tooth covered with enamel
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Angle
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the junction of 2 or more surfaces
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Anisognathous
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the upper molars unlike the lower in size and pattern
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Ankylosis
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fusion of teeth to the jaw bones in some animals, rarely in humans
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Anodontia
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failure of the teeth to form
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Anomaly
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unusual variations in position, number and conformation of dentition
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Anterior
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toward the front of the body
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Anterior teeth
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the incisors and canines
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Apex
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the terminal end or tip of the root
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Apical
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toward the apex of the root
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Arcade
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the set of arches formed by the teeth
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Arch
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the curved composite structure formed by the teeth
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Articulation
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the contact relationship of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth during jaw movement
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Asymmetry
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A lack of similarity in shape or size between two parts
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Artiodactyla
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even-toed ungulates ex. Cattle, hog, sheep, deer
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Atavism; Atavistic
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recurrence of a peculiarity of an unknown ancestor
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Attrition
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physiological wearing of a tooth caused by mastication
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Axial
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pertaining to the longitudinally (long) axis of the tooth
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Bicuspid
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having 2 cusps; inappropriately used for all premolars
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Bifurcation
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division into 2 parts, as any two roots of a tooth
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Bilophodont
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having 2 ridges of crests on molar crowns
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http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/anatomical_images/kinds_of_cheek_teeth/bilophodont.jpg
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Brachydont
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the length of the root exceeds that of the crown
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Bruxism
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the clenching or grinding of the teeth
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Buccal
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next to or toward the cheek in posterior teeth
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Buccally
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toward the cheek
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Buccolingual
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from the posterior tooth surface facing the cheek to that facing the tongue
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Bulbous
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rounded
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Bunodont tooth
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the tooth crown supports low rounded cusps
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http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/natsci/vertpaleo/resources/fossil_id/arti1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/natsci/vertpaleo/resources/fossil_id/art_id.htm&h=184&w=500&sz=60&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=5IeKHz5GDUVemM:&tbnh=48&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbunodont%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D
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Canine tooth
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the first tooth posterior to the intermaxillary suture above and its opponent below; preferable to “cuspid”
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Carabelli’s cusp
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an accessory cusp often noted on the lingual surface of the maxillary molar mesiolingual cusp
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Carnassial
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long bladed premolars and molars especially P4/M1 of the carnivore
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Carnivora
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flesh eating mammals
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Cementoenamel Junction
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junction of enamel and cementum; cervical line (CEJ)
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Cementum
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the bone-like covering of the root, from mesoderm
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Central Fossa
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a relatively broad deep angular valley in the central portion of the occlusal surface of a molar
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Cervical line
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a line formed by the junction of enamel and cementum (CEJ)
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Cervix (pl. cervices)
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a narrow or constricted portion of a tooth in the region of the junction of crown and root
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Posterior tooth
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the molars and premolars
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Cingule
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a small cusp or tubercle on the lingual face of the tooth
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Cingulum (pl. cingula)
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the ridge or tubercle on the lingual face of the tooth near the gingiva
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Clinical crown
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the portion of crown visible in oral cavity
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Coalescence
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the structural union of like parts, as the coalescence of the root
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Concave
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having a depressed or hollow surface
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Concrescence
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a union of previously separate parts; uniting of teeth by cementum only
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http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dental.mu.edu/oralpath/lesions/concrescence/concrescence2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dental.mu.edu/oralpath/lesions/concrescence/concrescence.htm&h=146&w=200&sz=38&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=QDhX7PYpIPjCBM:&tbnh=76&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dconcrescence%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN
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Conical
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shaped like a cone
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Contact area
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that region of the mesial or distal surface that touches the adjacent tooth in the same arch
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Converge
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to come together
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Convex
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bulging outward
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Coronal
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of or pertaining to a crown; applied by some to the occlusal surface
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Crest
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the sinous cusps or enamel ridges on the molars of herbivore; a projecting ridge or structure
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Crown
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that portion of the tooth covered with enamel, which is normally visible in the oral cavity.
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Crucial or cruciate
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having the form of a cross, cruciform
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Cusp
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a pronounced elevation on the occlusal surface
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Cusp Ridges
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elevations which extend in a mesial and distal direction from cusp tips. They form the buccal and lingual margins of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth.
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Cuspid
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having a cusp or point; inferior term for canine teeth
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Cynodonts
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Triassic reptiles that possessed some mammal-like features of skull and teeth
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http://www.abc.net.au/dinosaurs/fact_files/dried/images/cynodont_p1.jpg
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Deciduous
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the first set or series of teeth that are replaced by a permanent set
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Dentate
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having teeth
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Dentin(e)
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calcified tissue that comprises the bulk of a tooth. It is covered by the harder enamel and softer cementum, from mesoderm
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Denticles
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calcareous bodies which serve the purposes of teeth; a concretion which develops in the dental pulp as a part of the aging process
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http://www.albion.edu/biology/fac_biol/Denticles%20SEM%20Nurse%20Lg.jpg
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Denticulate, Denticulated
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notched or serrated; having small teeth
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Dentigerous
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bearing or supporting teeth; supplied with teeth; also containing teeth, as a dentigerous cyst
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Dentition
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the natural teeth considered collectively in the dental arches
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Developmental groove
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marks the fusion areas between adjacent cusps and other major parts of a tooth
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Diastema (pl. diastemata)
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a space between 2 adjacent teeth in the same dental arch, especially the space between the upper lateral incisor and the canine in the carnivora or; in humans, a space between the maxillary central incisors.
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Dilaceration
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abnormal curvature of the crown or root
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Diphyodont
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having two sets of teeth
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Distal
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away from the median line
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Distal surface
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the surface of the tooth facing away from the median line following the
curve of the dental arch |
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Distobuccal
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relating to the distal and buccal portion of the tooth
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Distolingual
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relating to the distal and lingual portion of the tooth
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Distomolar
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a supernumerary tooth found to the distal of the molars
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Embrasure
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a “V-shaped” space between the proximal surfaces of two adjoining,contacting teeth
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Enamel
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the hard substance composed of 90% hydroxyapatite, and 6-8% calcium carbonate covering the anatomical crown of the tooth, of ectodermal origin
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Entoconid
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the distolingual cone or cusp of the talonid of the mandibular molars
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Eocone
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the first, single coned tooth observed in prehistoric reptiles according to the premolar-molar analogy theory
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Erosion
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the loss of tooth substance by non-bacterial chemical action
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Exfoliation
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the loss of deciduous teeth after the physiological resorption of the roots
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Facet
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the flattened area of enamel or dentin produced by wear
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Facial surfaces
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the labial and buccal surfaces collectively
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Fissure
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a cleft or crevice in a tooth surface resulting from the imperfect fusion of the
enamel of the adjoining cusps or lobes |
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Foramen (foramina)
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a passage perforating hard tissues that transmits either vessels and/or nerves
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Fossa
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a shallow depression or concavity on the surface of the tooth
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Furcation
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the region of a multi-rooted tooth where the roots divide
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Gingiva
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the fibrous and mucous tissues that surround the teeth and cover the alveolar tissues
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Ginglymoid
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hinged, as the jaw articulation of the carnivore; a joint that allow motion around an axis
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Gnathic
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pertaining to the jaw/cheek
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Gomphosis
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attachment of the teeth by implantation in a bony socket or alveolus
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Groove
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a shallow, linear depression on the surface of a tooth
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Gum
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the gingiva; the soft tissue around the tooth
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Haplodont
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having undivided or simple tooth crowns in the shape of a single cone
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Herbivore
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animal whose diet consists principally of plants
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Heterodont
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having teeth that are morphologically different
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Homodont
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having teeth that are morphologically the same
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Hyperdontia
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the condition of excess teeth; supernumerary teeth
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Hypocone
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the distolingual cusp of maxillary molars
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http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/anatomical_images/kinds_of_cheek_teeth/bilophodont.jpg
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Hypoconid
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the distobuccal cusp of mandibular molars
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Hypoconulid
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the distal cusp, the fifth cusp of mandibular molars
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Hypodontia
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partial absence of teeth
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Hypsodont (Hypsodonty)
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Having long teeth; a marked elongation of the crown or body of the tooth; a marked elongation of the cusps.
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Idiopathic
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An unknown cause
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Incisal Ridge
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The incisal portion of an anterior tooth.
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Incisal Surface
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The cutting edge of the anterior teeth, particularly the incisors.
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Incisor
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One of the cutting teeth in humans; the most anterior (mesial) teeth in the jaw
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Interproximal
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Between adjoinging surfaces; the proximal surfaces
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Interproximal Contact Facets
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Flattened areas on interproximal surfaces that result from wear
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Isognathous
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Having maxillary and mandibular teeth of the same size and pattern
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Labial
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Next to or toward the lips; of, or pertaining to the lips
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Labial Surface
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The surface of an anterior tooth positioned immediately adjacent to the lip
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Labiolingual
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From the anterior tooth surface facing the lips to the surface facing the tongue.
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Line Angle
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That angle formed by the junction of two surfaces along a line, e.g., the mesiobuccal angle.
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Lingual
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Next to or toward the tongue; pertaining to the tongue
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Lingual Fossa
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A broad, shallow depression on the lingual surface of an incisor or canine.
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Lingual Surface
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The surface of a tooth which faces the tongue; opposite of the facial surface
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Lobe
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A division of a tooth crown formed from a distinct point of calcification
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Lophodont
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Having the crowns of the teeth formed in transverse or longitudinal crests or ridges, as in the herbivore
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http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/anatomical_images/kinds_of_cheek_teeth/lophodont.jpg
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Macrodontia
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Relatively large teeth (generalized); a large single tooth; also occasionally referred to as “megadont”.
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Mamelon
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A rounded or conical prominence on the incisal ridge of a newly erupted incisor.
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Mandible
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The bone forming the lower jaw and supporting the inferior teeth.
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Mandibulae
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The collective term for both the mandible and maxilla.
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Marginal Ridges
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Elevated crests which form the mesial and distal margins of the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth, and the lingual surfaces of the anterior teeth
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Maxilla
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The bone supporting the superior teeth and forming part of the orbit, hard palate and the nasal cavity.
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Mesial
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Toward the median line.
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Mesial Surface
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The surface of a tooth facing toward the median line following the curve of the dental arch.
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Mesiodens
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The most common supernumerary tooth usually appearing between the maxillary incisors.
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Mesiodistal
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From the surface facing the midline to the surface facing away from the midline following the arch curvature.
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Mesodont
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Having medium-sized teeth
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Metacone
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The distobuccal cone or cusp of the maxillary molars
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http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/anatomical_images/kinds_of_cheek_teeth/bilophodont.jpg
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Metaconid
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The distolngual cone or cusp of the primitive mandibular molars, becoming mesiolingual due to the loss of the paraconid cusp in the Primates
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Metaconule
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Small, intermediate cusp between the metacone and the protocone of the maxillary molars.
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Microdont
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Having an abnormally small tooth or teeth
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Midline
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A line passing through the center
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Molar teeth
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The posterior (distal) 3 teeth in each quadrant of the oral cavity in homo sapiens
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Monophyodont
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Having only one set of teeth
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Morphology
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The study of the shape and structure of an organism
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Multitubercular
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A tooth crown having many tubercles or cusps
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Nidus (pl. Nidi)
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A place in which something is nurtured
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Oblique ridge
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An elevated crest comprised of the triangular ridge of the distobuccal cusp and the distal ridge of the mesiolingual cusp
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Oblong
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Deviating from square by having one long dimension.
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Occlude
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To bring the mandibular tooth into contact with the maxillary teeth
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Occlusal
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the biting surface of a posterior tooth; pertaining to occlusion.
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Occlusal surface
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The surface of a premolar or molar contained within the marginal and cusp ridges.
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Occlusion
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The relation between the incising and occluding surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth when they are shut; Any contact between the incising or masticating surfaces of the teeth.
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Odontogenesis
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The development and formation of the teeth.
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Odontography
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A description of the teeth.
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Oligodontia
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Absence of many teeth.
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Paracone
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The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary molars
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http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/anatomical_images/kinds_of_cheek_teeth/bilophodont.jpg
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Paraconid
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The mesiolingual cusp of mammalian mandibular molars. (This cusp has been lost in primates).
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Paramolar
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A supernumerary found to the buccal or lingual of the molars.
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Periodontium
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The soft tissue surrounding a tooth
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Perissodactyla
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Odd-toed ungulates such as the horse, tapir, rhinoceros.
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Permanent teeth
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The set of teeth that replace the first (deciduous) set of teeth in humans.
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Pit
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A sharp depression usually located at the junction of two or more developmental grooves or at the termination of a single developmental groove.
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Point angle
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The angle formed by the junction of three surfaces at a point, e.g. the mesiolabioincisal angle.
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Polylophodont
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Having multiple lophs or cusps.
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Polyphyodont
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Having multiple sets of teeth.
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Premolar tooth
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The 2 teeth anterior (mesial) to the molars in homo sapiens; mistakenly termed the bicuspids.
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Procumbent
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Leaning or extending forward; like the incisors in Insectivores
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Protocone
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The lingual cusp of a maxillary premolar, the primitive reptilian cone or cusp of a maxillary tritubercular molar, i.e., the lingual cusp or the mesiolingual cusp of a maxillary molar.
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Protoconid
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The primitive buccal cusp of a mandibular premolar; the primitive reptilian cone or cusp of a mandibular tritubercular molar, or the mesiobuccal cusp of a mandibular molar.
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Proximal surface
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The surface of a tooth that faces toward an adjoining tooth in the same arch, i.e., the mesial or distal surfaces
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Proximal root concavity
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A depression extending longitudinally on the mesial or distal surface of a root.
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Pulp
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The soft tissue within the pulp cavity consisting of connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
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http://www.cityviewdental.ca/images/photos/tooth_parts.gif
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Pulp canal/Root canal
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The narrow area of the pulp chamber within the root.
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http://www.cityviewdental.ca/images/photos/tooth_parts.gif
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Pulp chamber
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The expanded cavity within the tooth that contains the pulp.
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http://www.cityviewdental.ca/images/photos/tooth_parts.gif
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Quadrant
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One quarter of the oral cavity, i.e., the maxillary right and left quadrants and the mandibular left and right.
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Quadritubercular
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Having four tubercles or cusps.
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Quinquetubercular
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Having five tubercles or cusps.
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Ridge
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A liner elevation on the surface of a tooth.
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Root
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The portion of a tooth covered with cementum and normally embedded in the alveolar process.
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Root canal
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See pulp canal.
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Root trunk
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That portion or a multirooted tooth between the cervical line and furcation of the roots.
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Ruga (pl. rugae)
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A fold or crease. The irregular ridges of the membrane of the palate.
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Ruminantia or Ruminants
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Artiodactyl animals that chew the cud, as oxen, sheep, goats, deer, and others.
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Saccule
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A small sac or cyst
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Secodont
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Sectorial or cutting teeth.
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Sectorial tooth
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The cutting tooth of the Carnivora - a long-bladed premolar or molar; a carnassial tooth.
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Shear
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To cut as with a pair of scissors.
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Selenodont
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Having longitudinal crescent shaped ridges, as a molar tooth of the Artiodactyla (ox, deer, sheep, hog, etc.).
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http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/anatomical_images/kinds_of_cheek_teeth/selenodont.jpg
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Succedaneous
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Those permanent teeth that succeed or take the places of the deciduous teeth, incl the incisors, canines, and premolars
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Sulcus
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An elongated valley in the surface of a tooth formed by the inclines of adjacent cusps or ridges which meet at an angle.
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Supernumerary
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Having more than the usual number (of teeth).
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Supplemantal groove
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An indistinct linear depression, irregular in extent and direction that does not demarcate major divisional portions of a tooth
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Symmetrical
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Having the same shape or size on both sides
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Talon
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The distolingual prominence or heel of a maxillary molar crown, bearing the hypocone, or distolingual cusp.
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http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Bones/Teeth/Images/Molar6.jpg
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Taurodont
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A tooth with a large pulp chamber in relation to the crown.
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Thecodont
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Persisting alveolar sockets that are independent of the presence or teeth, as in crocodiles and alligators.
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Thirds
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Imaginary divisions of a tooth crown or root as to length (i.e., occlusal, middle, and gingival thirds) or mesiodistal breadth (i.e. mesial, middle, and distal thirds).
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Transverse ridge
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The triangular ridges of a buccal and a lingual cusp that join to form a more or less continuous elevation extending transversely across the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth.
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Triangular fossa
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A shallow depression on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth located within the confines of the mesial or distal marginal ridges.
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Triangular ridges
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Prominent elevations, triangular in cross-section, which extend from the tip of a cusp towards the central portion of the occlusal surface of a tooth.
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Tribosphenic/Triconodont
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Having three cones or cusps in a linear arrangement, the central one the largest.
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Triconodonta
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Jurassic animals, unmistakably mammals, which show a triconodont condition of the molars.
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Trifurcation
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A division into three parts or branches, as the three roots of a maxillary first molar.
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Trigon
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The arrangement of the first three cones or cusps of a maxillary molar (Metacone, Paracone + Protocone).
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Trigonid
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The arrangement of the first three cones or cusps of a mandibular molar (Protoconid, Paraconid + Metaconid).
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http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Bones/Teeth/Images/Molar6.jpg
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Tritubercular
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Having three tubercules or cusps on the occlusal surface.
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Truncate, or Truncated
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Cut off or terminated abruptly
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Tubercle
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A small elevation on the crown of a tooth possibly by excessive accumulation of enamel.
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Talonid
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The heel, or distobuccal portion of a mandibular molar crown, upon which may develop the entoconid, the hypoconid and the hypoconulid
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http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Bones/Teeth/Images/Molar6.jpg
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Tusk
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A prominent incisor or canine tooth which protrudes some distance beyond the lips, as the tusk of an elephant, narwhale, or a walrus.
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Ungulates
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Hoofed mammals.
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Vomerine teeth
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Teeth attached to the vomer in the roof of the oral cavity of certain fishes, amphibia, and reptiles.
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http://www.caudata.org/cc/images/species/Taricha/T_torosa_teethWEI.jpg
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Eruption
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movement of tooth from developement in alveolar process to occlusion
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Emergence
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time that tooth comes through gingiva into oral cavity
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alveolar bone
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attached to cementum of root by periodontal membrane
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periodontal membrane
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soft tissue attaching cementum of root to alveolar bone
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dental formula
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formula that describes the dentition of half of the mouth of an organism
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Cheek teeth
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posterior teeth for paleontologists, often can't tell dif b/w PMs & Ms
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Palatal
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Next to the palate on the maxillary arch
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height of contour
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line encircling tooth at its greatest bulge or diameter
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contact point
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on mesial & distal surfaces, the furthest point away from the midline that touches the adjacent tooth
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Palmer or Zsigmondy system
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notation system where teeth are divided into quadrants and counted from the midline, using angles to divide the teeth, widely used in North America
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Haderup system
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notation system where arches are assigned by + or - and position of sign denotes R or L, used often in Europe
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Universal system
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Notation system that starts at max M3 and counts toward the left max to M3, then goes to mand L M3 back to R M3, used in the US
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F.D.I. system
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notation system that assigns a number as a prefix to each tooth denoting the quadrant and counts teeth from the midline, used internationally
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shovel-shaped incisor
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highly developed marginal ridges on the lingual surface of central or lateral incisors
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barrel-shaped incisor
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extremely highly developed marginal ridges & cingulum on lingual surface of lateral incisors
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peg-shaped incisor
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agenesis - cone shaped crowns from not developing properly
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foramen caecum incisivum
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pit found in the lingual fossa of the maxillary lateral incisor
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canine fossa
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concavity found on mesial surface of crown extending to a pronounced longitudinal groove on the root of the maxillary 1st premolar
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protostylid
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An extra buccal cusp on the mesiobuccal cusp, found most often in mandibular 3rd, then 2nd, then 1st molars
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http://www.uic.edu/classes/osci/osci590/10_1_5.gif
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foramen caecum molarum
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buccal pit at the terminus of the buccal grooves of the mandibular molars
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Cusp 6 or tuberculum sextum
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Extra cusp between distal & distolingual cusps on the distal marginal ridge of mandibular molars
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Cusp 7 or tuberculum intermedium
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Extra cusp between the lingual cusps of mandibular molars, esp the distal end of the mesiolingual cusp
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enamel extension
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extension of the enamel into furcations of maxillary & mandibular molars
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facial development groove
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grooves found on the labial surface of central & lateral incisors, on newly erupted teeth
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premolar occlusal tubercle
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accessory tubercle sometimes noted on the lingual side of the occlusal surface on premolars
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dryopithecus
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the Y-5 pattern found on mandibular 1st molars which is most common evolutionarily
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enamel pearl
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accumulation of enamel at the level of root furcation, found on maxillary 2nd molars
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