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87 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
a. What is a document?
b. Give an example of one
a. a written statement that gives official information
b. Declaration of Independence, Constitution, etc.
To understand a MAP, you need to look at 4 things. What are they?
a. title
b. key
c. compass rose
d. scale of miles
To understand a BAR GRAPH, you need to look at 3 things. What are they?
a. title
b. key
c. vertical and horizontal axes
To understand a LINE GRAPH, you need to look at 4 things. What are they?
a. title
b. key
c. vertical and horizontal axes
d. look for a trend by following the direction of the line
To understand a PIE GRAPH, you need to look at 3 things. What are they?
a. title
b. slices of pie
c. key
To understand a TABLE, you need to look at 2 things. What are they?
a. title
b. categories
To understand a TIMELINE, you need to look at 3 things. What are they?
a. title
b. events
c. dates
To understand a DRAWING or PHOTOGRAPH, you need to look at 2 things. What are they?
a. title of caption
b. details in the drawing or photo
To understand a POLITICAL CARTOON, you need to look at 3 things. What are they?
a. title or caption
b. parts of the cartoon
c. symbols and what they represent
What is topography?
what the land looks like, eg. mountains, valleys, hills, etc.
What is a POLITICAL MAP?
a map that shows cities, states, countries, and major boundaries
What is a PHYSICAL MAP?
a map to show physical characteristics of a region like rivers, mountains, elevation, etc.
What is a PRODUCT MAP?
a map showing major natural resources OR industrial products of an area
When a question asks you to compare and contrast 2 people or things, what does it ask you to do?
*compare= to show how 2 things are alike
*contrast= to show how 2 things are different
A CAUSE/EFFECT question will check to see if you understand the relationship between an event and what caused it or an event and the _________ of it.
results (effect)
A CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER question asks for what?
to put things in order in the way in which they took place (from earliest to latest)
What's the difference between FACT and OPINION?
*fact= one that can be proven to be true
*opinion= someone's belief - can't be proven to be true or false
a. What's a REFERENCE BOOK?
b. Give 2 eg. of reference books.
a. a book of facts that usually doesn't leave the library
b. atlas, encyclopedia, dictionary, almanac
What is a CONSTRUCTED-RESPONSE QUESTION?
(CRQ)
A question that in order to answer, you must look at a document
What is CLIMATE?
the pattern of weather over a period of time
What is a DOCUMENT-BASED QUESTION?
(DBQ)
a question where you have to...
a. read the document
b. answer the questions related to the document
c. write an essay based on the answers to the document questions
What is the L-A-W approach to answering a DBQ?
L=Look at the task
A=analyze the documents
W=write the essay
What is geography?
the study of the earth's surface
What is the EQUATOR and where is it?
an imaginary line that divides the earth in half to form the Northern and Southern hemispheres (0 latitude)
What is the difference between LATITUDE and LONGITUDE?
LATITUDE= lines that run across the Earth horizontally, measured in degrees NORTH or SOUTH of Equator
LONGITUDE= lines that run vertically on the earth and are measured in degrees WEST or EAST of the Prime Meridian
What is the PRIME MERIDIAN and where is it?
an imaginary line that divides earth in half to form EASTERN and WESTERN hemispheres
*What is CULTURE?
*Give egs. of parts of CULTURE.
*CULTURE= a people's way of life
*PARTS OF CULTURE= dress, food, way of making things, art, literature, system of government, religious beliefs
*What is CIVILIZATION?
*Describe what it is like.
CIVILIZATION= an advanced form of human culture
**People live in cities, use a form of writing, use skills in science & technology, and record their own history
Name the plains area in NY and the mountain ranges in NY.
Plains- along Great Lakes, Hudson River, Long Island
Mountains - Adirondacks & Catskills
What are the major rivers and lakes in NYS?
Rivers - Hudson, Mohawk, Genesee, Niagara
Lakes - Erie, Ontario, Champlain, Oneida
What is the difference between a PRIMARY SOURCE and a SECONDARY SOURCE?
*PRIMARY= most reliable ...letters, diaries, photographs of a person in history
*SECONDARY= textbooks, articles written about things in history by people who were NOT at the event
*Who were the Algonquins?
*Where did they live in NYS?
*Did they hunt or trade furs?
*Native American Indians that lived along the Hudson and Delaware Rivers and on Long Island.
*They hunted and fished.
*What was the IROQUOIS Confederacy?
*Who belonged to this confederacy?
*union of Senecas, Cayugas, Onondagas, Oneidas, Mohawks
who wrote their own constitution promising not to fight each other
*What do VERAZZANO, HUDSON, and CHAMPLAIN have in common?
*What colony did the DUTCH set up in NYS?
*All explored parts of NYS (Verazzano- NY harbor, Hudson- Hudson River, Champlain - upstate NY)
*New Netherlands
NEW NETHERLANDS...
*Who controlled it?
*Who was put in charge?
*Dutch West India Company
*Peter Stuyvesant
New Netherlands became an English colony. What were the name changes?
1. New Netherlands to ___
2. New Amsterdam to ___
3. Fort Orange to ____
1. New York
2. New York City
3. Albany
Great Britain and France fought the __1.__ War in 1763. Great Britain won but they put new taxes on __2.__ to help pay for the war.
1. French and Indian War
2. American colonists
In July 1776, the 13 colonists signed the __1.__ because they were upset by __2.__.
1. Declaration of Independence
2. taxation without representation
The central govt. under the ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
was __1.____ for the new USA. A convention met and wrote a new constitution giving stronger power to a govt. with a President, __2.___, and a Supreme Court
1. weak
2. Congress
*The ERIE CANAL was built in 1825 to ________________.
*As a result of the canal, cities such as ______ grew.
*ship goods easier and cheaper than shipping by land.
*Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Rome, Utica, and Albany
What do ELIZABETH CADY STANTON, LUCRETIA MOTT, and SUSAN B. ANTHONY have in common?
They organized the Seneca FAlls Convention in Auburn, NY in 1848 to demand that women receive the equal right to vote like men.
By 1880, NYS was the nation's leading industrial state because it had:
a. credit and loans available at its banks
b. _______________________
c.________________________
d.________________________
b. an excellent transportation system (railroads, canals, roads)
c. a safe harbor in NYC to ship goods to Europe
d. a large number of skilled and unskilled workers
What were conditions like in factories that forced workers to join unions and forced legislatures to pass better laws for workers? (be specific)
1. long hours
2. children working in factories
3. dangerous conditions where workers get hurt
When immigrants came to visit in cities like NYC, what problems did they face?
(Give 3)
1. lack of fresh water and getting rid of sewage
2. dirt and pollution from horse-drawn coaches and trains and trolleys
3. not enough housing/crowded apartments
What are GOODS and SERVICES in our country's economy?
GOODS= any item people make and use like toys, good, and cars
SERVICES= things that people DO for others like when a mechanic fixes your car
1. What is a CONSUMER?
2. What is a PRODUCER?
CONSUMER= people and businesses that use goods and services to take care of their needs and wants
PRODUCER= person or business that makes goods and services
In a country's economy, what is meant by PROFIT?
PROFIT= the difference between how much it COSTS to make a good or provide a service and the SELLING PRICE
ECONOMICS is teh study of how people produce, distribute, and consume things to meet their basic needs. What are the 3 basic needs?
1. food
2. clothing
3. shelter
There are a limited number of resources to satisfy our unlimited wants. This is known as ____________.
scarcity
In the Native American economy, they met their basic needs by __________ and ______________.
1. following traditions (hunt, fish, gathered fruits and nuts)
2. using materials in their environment (bark for canoes, deerskin for clothes, etc.)
What are the 3 branches of FEDERAL GOVERNMENT and what does each branch do?
LEGISLATIVE= makes laws
EXECUTIVE= carries out laws
JUDICIAL- interprets laws (decides if a law has been broken or not)
What is DEMOCRACY?
Rule by the people - citizens vote on issues directly or elect officials to represent them on voting
What is the US CONSTITUTION?
A written plan of govt. that set up the US national govt. with a president, Congress, and Supreme Court AND the powers that each branch should have.
In a FREE MARKET ECONOMY, who decides what goods and services should be produced? (HINT: This is true in the USA.)
consumers and producers decide
What are the 4 factors of production?
1. entrepreneurs
2. ______________
3._______________
4._______________
2. natural resources (minerals, water, soil, etc.)
3. human resources (workers and their skills)
4. capital resources (machines and tools to make goods)
Over the years, the TRANSPORTATION of goods in NYS has been done by ___________, _______, ______________, and ________.
1.roads
2. canals
3. railroads
4. airplanes
Law of Supply and Demand
* As the supply of gasoline goes UP, the demand for gasoline goes _______.
Eg. As Halloween nears, the demand for pumpkins goes up, so the price goes ______. The supply goes DOWN.
*down
*Up
What is GLOBAL INDERDEPENDENCE?
When a country depends on trading with other countries for goods and services
What is the difference between IMPORT and EXPORT?
IMPORT= a good that is brought IN to a country from a foreign country
EXPORT= a good that is sent out of a country to be sold in a foreign country
1. WHAT is the BILL OF RIGHTS?
2. WHERE is this document?
1. a list of citizen's rights against government abuse
2. U.S. Constitution
In the BILL OF RIGHTS, what does the 1st amendment guarantee?
freedom of
*religion
*speech
*press
*assembly
1. What is FEDERALISM?
2. What are some things the STATE govt. deals with that the FEDERAL govt. does NOT deal with?
1. division of power between state and federal governments
2. STATE= what is taught in schools, driver's licenses, state troopers, etc.
FEDERAL= maintain army and navy, postal system, declare war, etc.
What does our town/city government handle?
water systems, sewage systems, fire department, street lights, road repair and snow removal, etc.
Give the name of the position for each branch of the FEDERAL GOVT.
1. legislative - _________
2. executive - ___________
3. Judicial - ____________
1. Congress (House of Representatives and Senate)
2. President and Cabinet
3. Supreme Court
Give the name of the position for each branch of our STATE GOVT.
1. legislative - ________
2. executive - __________
3. judicial - ___________
1. State Assembly and State Senate
2. Governor
3. NY Court of Appeals
What are some of the DUTIES and RESPONSIBILITIES of a US citizen?
1. pay taxes
2. vote in elections
3. obey the laws
4. serve on a jury if chosen
5. enforce laws by cooperating with the police
Why is the FOURTH OF JULY so important? (give 2 reasons)
1. It's when the colonists declared independence from Great Britain in 1776
2. It's when the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776.
Why is November 11th (VETERAN'S DAY) so important?
1. It marks the anniversary of the end of World War I in 1918
2. It's when America honors those who fought in past wars
What are the 3 important SYMBOLS of our nation?
1. American flag
2. "The Star-Spangled Banner" (our national anthem)
3. Pledge of Allegiance
Name the 2 major political parties in the USA.
1. Democratic Party
2. Republican Party
What govt. officials are appointed rather than elected in NYS and in the USA?
NYS=the justices of the Court of Appeals
USA= the justices of the Supreme Court
What was the MAYFLOWER COMPACT?
It was a plan for the Pilgrims that said how they would govern themselves in the new colony in America.
1. What is "Taxation without Representation?"
2. Who did it affect?
1. When the English placed taxes on the Colonists without letting the Colonists vote on it.
2. the American colonists when the English put taxes on tea and stamps before the American Revolution
1. What are TIME ZONES?
2. What time zone do you live in?
1. an area that uses the same time (there are 24 on the Earth)
2. Eastern Standard Time
What is INCOME for a citizen?
Money made from working at a job or from property that is owned
1. What is CONSERVATION?
2. What does CONSERVATION have to do with our NATURAL RESOURCES?
1. protection & wise use of our natural resources
2. People need to protect our natural resources because once they are used up, they are GONE!
1. What is a COMMUNITY?
2. Alexander is a RURAL community...what is that?
1. a group of people who live together in the same place
2. in the country (opposite of URBAN)
1. What is a NOMAD?
2. Who might be considered NOMADS?
1. a person who moves from place to place in search of food
2. Native Americans who were hunters and gatherers rather than farmers
1. What is a PORT?
2. Why is NYC an important port?
1. a place where boats & ships can anchor and be safe from storms; a harbor
2. goods can be shipped TO Europe from there and goods can be brought IN from Europe there too
1. What is a TUNDRA?
2. Where in the world would you find the TUNDRA REGION?
1. an area of cold climate and low-lying vegetation
2. in the POLAR REGION near the Arctic Circle
1. What is MASS PRODUCTION?
2. Whose idea was it?
1. the process of making goods in large numbers with the help of machines and standard parts
2. Henry Ford
What does it mean to RATIFY an amendment or law?
approve it
Where is the STATUE OF LIBERTY and what is it a symbol of?
NYC; freedom for immigrants coming to the USA to live
What is an IMMIGRANT?
a person who leaves his or her homeland and comes to another country to live
What is climate?
the pattern of weather over a period of time
What are natural resources?
parts of nature that man did NOT put there, like water,soil, minerals, etc.