Database Final Exam Review

Front 1

The overall responsibility of the ____________________is to facilitate the development and use of the database.

Back 1

Database Administrator

Front 2

A(n) ____________________ is a series of actionsto be taken on the database such that either all of them are performedsuccessfully or none of them is performed at all.

Back 2

Atomic transaction

Front 3

A transaction is sometimes called ____________________,since it is performed as a unit.

Back 3

Atomic

Front 4

Locks placed automatically by the DBMS are called ____________________ locks.

Back 4

Implicit

Front 5

Locks placed by a command issued to the DBMS from the application program are called ____________________ locks.

Back 5

Explicit

Front 6

The size of a lock is referred to as the lock ____________________.

Back 6

Granularity

Front 7

A(n) ____________________ lock locks the item from access of any type.

Back 7

Exclusive

Front 8

A(n) ____________________ lock locks the item from change but not from read access.

Back 8

Shared

Front 9

Two-phased locking is a scheme for achieving ____________________ of transactions.

Back 9

Serializability

Front 10

In two-phase locking, all locks are obtained during the ____________________ phase.

Back 10

Growing

Front 11

In two-phase locking, all locks are released during the ____________________ phase.

Back 11

Shrinking

Front 12

Requiring all application programs to lock resources in the same order is one way of preventing a ____________________ condition.

Back 12

Deadlock

Front 13

With ____________________ locking, the assumption is made that no conflict will occur.

Back 13

Optimistic

Front 14

With ____________________ locking, the assumption is made that a conflict will occur.

Back 14

Pessimistic

Front 15

The transaction ____________________ are the essential information that the DBMS needs from the application programs to enforce different locking strategies.

Back 15

Boundaries

Front 16

A(n) ____________________ transaction is one for which all committed changes are permanent.

Back 16

Durable

Front 17

Transaction level ____________________ means that all rows impacted by any actions in a transaction are protected from change during the entire transaction.

Back 17

Consistency

Front 18

A(n) ____________________ occurs when one transaction reads a changed record that has not been committed to the database.

Back 18

Dirty Read

Front 19

____________________ occur when a transaction rereads data it has previously read and finds modifications or deletions caused by a committed transaction.

Back 19

A non-repeatable read

Front 20

According to ANSI SQL, the ____________________ isolation level will not allow phantom reads, dirty reads, and nonrepeatable reads.

Back 20

Serializable

Front 21

A(n) ____________________ cursor processes a snapshot of the relation that was taken when the cursor was opened.

Back 21

Static

Front 22

A(n) ____________________ cursor saves primary key values when the cursor is opened and retrieves the values for each row as the application program accesses it.

Back 22

Key Set

Front 23

____________________ is a method of database recovery that restores the database save and all valid transactions since the save was reapplied.

Back 23

Roll forward

Front 24

To support rollforward and rollback recovery, transactions must be written to a(n) ____________________ before they are applied to the database.

Back 24

Log

Front 25

Copies of each database record or page before it was changed by a transaction that are saved for use in database recovery are called ____________________.

Back 25

Before Images

Front 26

Copies of each database record or page after it was changed by a transaction that are saved for use in database recovery are called ____________________.

Back 26

After Images

Front 27

A(n) ____________________ is a point of synchronization between the database and the transaction log.

Back 27

Checkpoint

Front 28

A(n) ____________________ data repository is one in which the metadata is automatically created as the system components are created.

Back 28

Active

Front 29

A(n) ____________________ data repository is one which requires a person to generate the metadata and place it in the repository.

Back 29

Passive

Front 30

____________________ is a programming language provided with Oracle that adds programming constructs to the SQL language.

Back 30

PL / SQL

Front 31

A(n) ____________________ is an object that generates a sequential series of unique numbers.

Back 31

Sequence

Front 32

Sequences are most often used to provide values for ____________________ keys.

Back 32

Surrogate

Front 33

The ____________________ method provides the next value in a sequence.

Back 33

NextVal

Front 34

The ____________________ method provides the current value in a sequence.

Back 34

CurVal

Front 35

Using sequences ________ valid surrogate key values.

Back 35

Does not guarantee

Front 36

The PL/SQL keyword ________ is used to begin the basic PL/SQL block structure.

Back 36

DECLARE

Front 37

The PL/SQL keyword ________ is used to define a group of PL/SQL statements.

Back 37

BEGIN

Front 38

The PL/SQL keyword ________ is used to check for the existence of a condition.

Back 38

IF

Front 39

The PL/SQL keywords FOR, WHILE, and LOOP are used to create blocks of code that ________ until an ending condition is reached.

Back 39

Repeat

Front 40

The PL/SQL keyword ________ is used to complete the basic PL/SQL block structure.

Back 40

END

Front 41

The PL/SQL keyword ________ is used to exit a block of code and terminate whatever code structure is running.

Back 41

RETURN

Front 42

When creating an Oracle stored procedure using SQL*Plus, issuing the ____________________ keyword signifies that a parameter is an input parameter.

Back 42

IN

Front 43

When creating an Oracle stored procedure using SQL*Plus, issuing the ____________________ keyword signifies that a parameter is an output parameter.

Back 43

OUT

Front 44

When creating an Oracle stored procedure using SQL*Plus, issue the ____________________ command to see any reported compilation errors.

Back 44

SHOW ERRORS

Front 45

In Oracle, triggers that are fired once for each row that is changed in a table are called ____________________.

Back 45

ROW TRIGGERS

Front 46

____________________ triggers are placed on views.

Back 46

INSTEAD OF

Front 47

____________________ and ____________________ triggers are placed on tables.

Back 47

BEFORE, AFTER

Front 48

The prefix ____________________ is used with values of columns available to insert and update triggers.

Back 48

:new

Front 49

The prefix ____________________ is used with values of columns available to update and delete triggers.

Back 49

:old

Front 50

The ____________________ transaction isolation level is unique to Oracle.

Back 50

READ ONLY

Front 51

In Oracle recovery facilities, ____________________ files are small files that describe the name, contents, and locations of various files used by Oracle.

Back 51

control

Front 52

In Oracle recovery facilities, ____________________ files are maintained on disk and contain the rollback segments from recent database changes.

Back 52

online redo

Front 53

In Oracle recovery facilities, ____________________ files are backup log files maintained separately and not necessarily on disk media.

Back 53

offline redo

Front 54

The type of failure that occurs when Oracle itself fails due to an operating system or computer hardware failure is called a(n) ____________________ failure.

Back 54

instance

Front 55

The type of failure that occurs when Oracle is unable to write to a physical file is called a(n) ____________________ failure.

Back 55

media

Front 56

In Oracle backup and recovery facilities, a(n) ____________________ backup is one in which all uncommitted changes have been removed from the datafiles.

Back 56

consistent