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12 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Survivorship curves
Type I- humans, most individuals survive to middle age and after that mortality is hight
Type II- rodents and invertebrates, length of survivorship is random and the likelihood of death is the same at any age.
Type III- oysters, describes species in which most individuals die young
Population
A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.
Community
A group of populations living in the same area.
Ecosystem
Describes the interrelationships between the organisms in a community and their physical environment.
Biosphere
Composed of all the regions of the earth that contain living things.
Habitat
The type of place where an organism usually lives.
Niche
Describes all biotic and abiotic resources in an environment used by an organism. When an organism occupies a niche, it means that certain resources are consumed or certain qualities of the environment are changed in some way by the presence of the organism.
Biotic potential
The maximum growth rate of a population under ideal conditions with unlimited resources and without any growth restrictions. Factors that contribute: age of reproductive maturity, clutch size, frequency of reproduction, reproductive lifetime, surivorship
Carrying capacity
The maximum number of individuals of a population that can be sustained by a particular habitat.
Limiting factors
Those elements that prevent a population from attaining its biotic potential. Include:
Density dependent- effects become more intense as the density of the population increases (parasites, predation)
Density independent- occur independently of density and include natural disasters and extreme climates.
Population growth equation
r= birth-deaths/N

r= reproductive rate
N=population size
Two growth patterns
1. Exponential- occurs whenever the reproductive rate is greater than zero. On a graph where population size is plotted against time, a plot of exponential growth rises quickly, forming a J-shaped curve.
2. Logistic growth- occurs when limiting factors restrict the size of the population to the carrying capacity of the habitat. Results in an S shaped curve.