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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Medulla
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Controls vital functions like breathing, heart rate, gatrointestinal activity
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Brainstem
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Midbrain
pons Medulla |
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Spinal Cord
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Conduit for sensory information to brain and motor information from brain
Integates reflexes by itself Consists of outer white matter area of motor and sensory axons and inner gray matter area containing nerve cell bodies |
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Dorsal Horn
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Sensory info. enters spinal cord from here
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Ventral Horn
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All motor information exits spianl cord from here
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Peripheral Nervous System
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Consists of nerves and ganglia, sensory nerves that enter CNS and motor nerves that leave CNS
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Somatic Nervous System
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Innervates skeletal muscles and is responsible for voluntary movement
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Autonomic Nervous System
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Regulates body's internal environment without conscious control
Innervates cardiac and smooth muscle. Important in blood pressure control, gastrointestinal motility, excretory processes, respiration and reproductive processes |
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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Responsible for fight or flight responses. Increases blood pressure and heart rate. Increases blood flow to skeletal muslces and decreases gut motility. Dilates bronchiles to increase gas exchange. Uses norepinephrine as primary transmitter
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Acts to conserve energy and restore body to resting activity levels following exertion. Lowers heart rate, increases gut motility
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Vagus Nerve
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Importan nerve of parasympathetic nervous system.
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Myopia
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Nearsightedness
Image is focused on front of retina |
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Hyperopia
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Farsightedness
Image is focused behind retina |
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Astigmatism
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Caused by irregularly shaped cornea
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Cataracts
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Develp when lens becomes opaque and light cannot enter- blindnes
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Glaucoma
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Increase in pressure in eye due to blocking of outflow of aqueous humor
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External Respiration
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Entrance of air into lungs and gas exchange between alveoli and blood
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Internal Respiration
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Exchange of gas between blood and cells and intracellular processes of respiration
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Dehydrogenation
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High energy H atoms are removed from organic molecules during respiration
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Glycolysis
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First stage of glucose catabolism. Series of reactions that lead to oxidative breakdown of glucose into two pyruvate molecules, ATP, reduction of NAD+ into NADH
Takes place in cytoplasm |
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Irritability
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the ability to respond to a stimulus and is part of regulation
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Prokaryotes (Summary)
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Bacteria
Hava a Cell wall composed of peptidoglycans no nucleus ribosomes (subunits= 30s and 50 s) No organelles with membranes |
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Eukaryotes (Summary)
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Protists,Fungi,Plants,Animals
Cell wall present in fungi and plants only nucleus ribosomes (subunits=40s and 60s) Organelles with membranes. |
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How does the Endoplasmic Reticulum aid in cellular transport
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it provides channels throughout the cytoplasm and provides a direct continuos passageway from the plasma membrane to the nuclear membrane
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Genotype
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The genetic makeup of the individual
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Phenotype
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the physical manifestation of the genetic make up of an individual
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Mutation types
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Addition, substitution, or deletion
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Guanine and Cytosine form how many hydrogen bonds?
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3
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Thymine and Adenine form how many hydrogen bonds
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2
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how many amino acids exist
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20
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Regulator Gene
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Codes for the synthesis of the repressor molecule that binds to the operator to block RNA transcription.
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