Dat Bio Ch 14 Classification

Front 1

taxonomy

Back 1

the science of classification and nomenclature used

Front 2

modern classification system groups organisms based on what

Back 2

evolutionary relationships

Front 3

subdivisions of classification

Back 3

kingdom
phylum (division)
subphylum (subdivision)
class
order
family
genus
species

Front 4

scientific name

Back 4

Genus species in italics

scheme developed by Carolus Linnaeus

Front 5

Five kingdom classification

Back 5

monera, protista, plantae, fungi, animalia

Front 6

Why are viruses not included in any of the five kingdoms of classification?

Back 6

viruses are not considered living things

Front 7

kingdom Monera

Back 7

prokaryotes
single-celled
reproduce asexually

Front 8

kingdom Protista

Back 8

eukaryotes
single-celled or colonies
no tissue differentiation
may be heterotrophic or photosynthetic (or both-Euglena)
may or may not be motile

Front 9

kingdom Fungi

Back 9

Eukaryotes
multicellular
differentiated
nonmotile
saprophytic or parasitic.
varying and unique modes of reproduction
Cell walls composed of chitin.

Front 10

Kingdom Plantae

Back 10

Eukaryotes
multicellular
differentiated
nonmotile
photosynthetic
alternation of generations with a distinct embryonic phase

Front 11

Kingdom Animalia

Back 11

Eukaryotic
multicellular
motile
heterotrophic
differentiated tissues

Front 12

structure of viruses

Back 12

DNA or RNA and some essential enzymes surrounded by a protein coat

Front 13

cyanobacteria

Back 13

blue-green algae

Moneran
photosynthetic, but no chloroplasts
no flagella
cell wall
can survive extreme temperatures

Front 14

bacteria

Back 14

moneran
cell wall
single loop of DNA
no nucleus
play a role in biogeochemical cycles
classified by morphology: cocci (sphere), bacilli (rod), spirilla (spiral), duplexes, clusters (staph), chains (strep)

Front 15

protozoa

Back 15

Protist

heterotrophic

includes rhizopods (amoebas) and ciliophors (ciliates)

Front 16

algae

Back 16

Protist

photosynthetic

include phyto-plankton, important producers in marine environments

some can be multicellular and are placed in the plant kingdom

Front 17

slime molds

Back 17

resemble both fungi and protists

coenocytic (many nuclei) mass of protoplasm

contain animal-like and plantlike stages

Front 18

asexual reproduction of fungi

Back 18

sporulation

Front 19

general characteristics of all animals

Back 19

differentiation of tissues, organs, and organ systems

alimentation (eat and digest bulk food)

bilateral symmetry- most animals

nervous system and sensory organs

chemical-coordinating system to maintain homeostasis

Front 20

porifera

Back 20

animalia- sponges

two layers of cells
pores
sessile
low degress of cellular specialization

Front 21

Cnidarians

Back 21

animalia- hydra, jellyfish, coral

digestive sac with one opening
ectoderm and endoderm layers of cells
tentacles and stinging cells
net nerves

Front 22

Platyhelminthes

Back 22

animalia- flatworms

bilaterally symmetrical
three layers of cells, including mesoderm
simple true nervous system with a "brain" ganglion

Front 23

Nematoda

Back 23

animalia- round worms- hookworm, trichina

long digestive tubes and anus
solid mesoderm
simple nerve cords

Front 24

Annelida

Back 24

animalia- segmented worms- earthworms, leeches

coelom - true body cavity
well-defined circulatory, nervous, and excretory systems

Front 25

Mollusca

Back 25

animalia- Mollusks-clams, snails, squid

soft bodies with mantle that secretes calcareous exoskeletons
gills
chambered heart
pair of ventral nerve cords

Front 26

Arthropoda

Back 26

animalia- arthropods- insects, arachnids, crustaceans

jointed appendages
chitinous exoskeleton
open circulatory system (sinuses)

Front 27

insects

Back 27

arthropods

three pairs of legs
tracheal tubes and spiracles for air breathing

Front 28

arachnids

Back 28

arthropods

four pairs of legs

book lungs

Front 29

crustaceans

Back 29

arthropods

segmented body
variable number of appendages
gills

Front 30

echinoderms

Back 30

animalia- starfish, sea urchin

radially symmetrical
water-vascular system
regeneration of parts
possible origin of chordates

Front 31

Chordates

Back 31

have a stiff dorsal rod-notochord-present at some stage of embryologic development
paired gill slits, tail

split invertebrates and vertebrates

Front 32

chordate invertebrates

Back 32

lancets, tunicates (amphioxus)

Front 33

vertebrates

Back 33

chordates, most advanced

vertebrae replace the notochord during development and become the backbone

a bony case forms around the brain

Front 34

fish

Back 34

vertebrate

two-chambered heart
gills
external fertilization

Front 35

jawless fish

Back 35

retain notochord throughout life
cartilage endoskeleton
no jaws
sucking mouth
include Agnatha

Front 36

cartilaginous fish

Back 36

fish with jaws and teeth
reduced notochord exists between segments of cartilage vertebrae

Front 37

bony fish

Back 37

fish with scales
no notochord in adult form
full bony skeleton

Front 38

amphibia

Back 38

vertebrate

larval stage-tadpole-lives in water, gills, tail, no legs

adult had lungs, legs, 3-chambered heart, no scales

external fertilization in water

Front 39

reptiles

Back 39

terrestrial
lungs
leathery eggs-internal fertilization
poikilothermic
scales
three-chambered heart

Front 40

birds

Back 40

homeothermic
four-chambered heart
feathers
internal fertilization, shelled eggs

Front 41

mammals

Back 41

vertebrate
homeothermic
feed offspring with milk produced in mammary glands

Front 42

monotremes

Back 42

egg-laying mammals
horny bills
milk glands with no nipples

Front 43

Marsupials

Back 43

pouched mammals
embryo begins development in the uterus and completes development attached to nipples in the abdominal pouch

Front 44

Placental mammals

Back 44

mammals with embryos that fully develop in the uterus