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328 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many buccal canals are on a maxillary molar?
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2
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How many lingual canals are on a maxillary molar?
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1
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Which canal is the largest on a maxillary molar?
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the lingual canal
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The outline of the cross section of a maxillary molar resembles what?
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the occlusal outline of a maxillary molar
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In a cross section at the level of the floor of the chamber in maxillary molar, the chamber is what shape?
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triangular
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How many roots and pulp canals do maxillary 2nd premolars have?
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one root and one canal
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What is the most common variation of roots and canals for maxillary 2nd premolars?
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there is no common variation
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What may be present on a maxillary 2nd premolar canal?
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branching
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on rare occassions, how many root/s and canal/s may be present on a maxillary 2nd premolar
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two
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what is ankylosis?
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the alveolar bone fuses with the cementum of the roots; may cause a primary tooth to be retained too long even though most of the root has been resorbed
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if the permanent successor is present for an ankylosed primary tooth, what happens?
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it will fail to erupt or erupt out of place
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how many pulp horns do maxillary premolars have?
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two
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how many pulp horns do mandibular 1st premolars have?
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two - but the lingual pulp horn may be absent
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What are the different types of mandibular 2nd premolars and how many pulp horns do they exhibit?
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Y (3 cusps) - 3 pulp horns
H & U - 2 pulp horns |
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Where are odontoblasts located and what do they do?
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line the inner wall of the pulp cavity; form dentin
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how many sets of teeth does man have? what is the 1st set called, including nicknames?
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2
primary or deciduous, baby teeth, milk teeth |
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how many pulp canals do mandibular 1st premolars have?
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1 - on rare occassions there may be 2 roots and 2 canals
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how many pulp canals do mandibular 2nd premolars have?
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1
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what is the root apex?
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the tip of the root
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what are the shape differences between the permanent and primary crowns?
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proximal surfaces of primary teeth are straight cervico-occlusally
mesial and distal surfaces are nearly straight in primary teeth - so contact areas are very large and basically extend full surface |
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What does the root of a mandibular central incisor look like in a cervical cross section, including thickness, concavities, and bifurcation?
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root is thin mesiodistally
mesial & distal root concavities are present root is occassionally bifurcated (lingual and labial branch) |
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what happens to the pulp cavity with age?
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with formation of secondary dentin, pulp cavity normally decreases in size
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differences between primary and permanent dentin...
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dentin has thinner wall between pulp and DEJ in primary teeth; lifespan of primary teeth too short for increase in thickness of dentin
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how many mesial and distal canals are found on a mandibular first molar?
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2 mesial canals and 1 distal canal
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which canal is largest on a mandibular first molar?
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distal
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outline of cervical cross section of a mandibular first molar resembles what?
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the occlusal outline of a mandibular first molar
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the outline of the chamber of a mandibular first molar is what shape in cross section?
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trapezoidal
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what percentage of the time do maxillary 1st premolars have 2 pulp canals with separate foramina?
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70%
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what percentage of the time do maxillary 1st premolars have 2 canals and 1 foramen?
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15%
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what percentage of the time do maxillary 1st premolars have a single canal and foramen?
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10%
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what percentage of the time do maxillary 1st premolars have 3 roots and 3 canals?
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5%
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when does the decalcification process usually begin?
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within 1 year after completion of root
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what is the lifetime of a completed root in the primary dentition?
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about 1 year
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MOST permanent incisors have how many pulp horns?
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3
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which permanent incisor does not have 3 pulp horns?
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maxillary lateral - may have between 1 and 3
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how many pulp horns do the canines have?
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they don't; instead the pointed incisal limit of the pulp cavity does correspond to the single cusp
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what is a supplementary canal?
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a root canal or branch which is in excess of the normal number of root canals found in a root
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What is the function of a supplementary canal?
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same as the main root canals but are not present in all teeth
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in a midroot cross section of a maxillary 1st molar, where is "fluting" found?
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the mesiobuccal root has fluting on the mesial and distal surfaces
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what percentage of the time are 2 canals found on a maxillary 1st molar?
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60%
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what is special about the lingual root of a maxillary first molar?
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it is the only root that is wider mesiodistally than faciolingually
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which root is the only root that is wider mesiodistally than faciolingually?
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the lingual root of the maxillary 1st molar
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what percentage of the time do maxillary 1st molars have 3 roots and 4 canals?
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60%
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60% of the time, maxillary 1st molars have how many roots and canals?
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3 roots and 4 canals
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what is the most common variation of roots and canals for a maxillary 1st molar?
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3 roots and 3 canals
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what is the pulp horn?
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the pointed incisal (occlusal) limits of the pulp cavity and the pulp chamber
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what does the height of the pulp horn generally correspond to?
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the height of the cusp above
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what does the follicle enclosing the permanent tooth do?
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thought to create some mechanical irritation to the root tip of the primary tooth, initiating the process of resorption
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how long does the resorption process continue?
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coninues until the anchorage of the primary tooth is reabsorbed and the tooth is exfoliated
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what happens to teeth after root canal therapy?
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decreased water content but no indication teeth become brittle; generally more prone to fracture
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when does secondary dentin form?
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in response to normal physiological activities; forms throughout life
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what are the differences between the primary and permanent occlusal surfaces?
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posterior primary teeth are very closed buccolingually compared to permanent
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what does the midroot cross section of a maxillary 1st premolar w/ a laminated root look like?
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figure 8
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where is the deepest concavity on a midroot cross section of a maxillary 1st premolar w/ a laminated root?
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the mesial surface
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what does the outline of the pulp cavity correspond to?
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external contour of the tooth
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cuspal anatomy can be used to determine what?
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the heights and contours of the pulp horns, especially in posterior teeth
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what is resorption?
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the lytic or phagocytic destruction of a substance or structure formed by the body
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what is anastomosis? plural?
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an extra canal branch that horizontally connects pulp canals with each other or with supplementary canals; anastomoses
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what are 4 reasons for care of the primary dentition?
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1. presence of teeth necessary for proper development of mandible and maxilla
2. premature loss results in oral deformities 3. chewing is better with teeth than without 4. infection of a primary tooth can affect formation of developing permanent tooth |
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how many roots and canals do maxillary 2nd molars have?
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3 roots and 3 canals
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what is the most common variation for maxillary 2nd molar roots and canals?
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3 roots and 4 canals (w/ 2 canals in the MB root)
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what is the apical foramen? plural?
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the constricted opening(s) at, or near the root apex, through which the main nutrients and nervous supply to the pulp enter and exit; apical limit of pulp cavity; foramina
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the primary teeth resemble what? what is the exception?
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permanent teeth; primary 1st molars
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what shape is a cross section fot he maxillary central incisor root?
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triangular
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what shape does the crown of maxillary central incisor exhibit in an occlusal view?
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triangular
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when does reparative dentin form?
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in response to irritants such as bruxing or clenching, erosion, trauma and dentinal caries
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how does enamel thickness differ from permanent to primary teeth?
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primary teeth enamel is nearly uniform in thickness (~1mm); enamel of permanent tooth is thickest on incisal/occlusal surface
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what is common on the mesial and distal root surfaces of mandibular molars?
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fluting
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how many canals are on the mesial root of a mandibular molar?
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2
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where is there least likely to be a root concavity on a mandibular molar?
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distal surface
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how many pulp canals do the permanent anterior teeth normally have? what are the percentages of exceptions?
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1
2% - mandibular incisor may have 2 6% - mandibular canine may have 2 |
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what percentage of the time do mandibular incisors have 2 root canals?
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2%
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what percentage of the time do mandibular canines have 2 root canals?
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6%
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what is the pulp cavity?
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the entire central space inside the dentin of a tooth (both root and crown) that contains the pulp tissue in a vital tooth
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what is the pulp canal?
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the section of the pulp cavity which is located basically in the anatomical root of the tooth; aka root canal
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the section of the pulp cavity which is located basically in the anatomical root of the tooth
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pulp canal
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the entire central space inside the dentin of a tooth (both root and crown) that contains the pulp tissue in a vital tooth
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pulp cavity
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what is the pulp chamber?
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the portion of the pulp cavity which is located roughly in the anatomical crown of the tooth
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the portion of the pulp cavity which is located roughly in the anatomical crown of the tooth
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pulp chamber
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tooth roots with round cross sectional outlines generally have how many pulp canals?
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1
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roots with oval or elongated cross sectional outlines often contain how many pulp canals?
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more than one
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what is the pulp tissue and where is it found?
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soft connective tissue which is found in the central portion of the tooth
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what is the pulp tissue surrounded by?
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entirely surrounded by dentin
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where is the primate space usually found?
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in the primary dentition between the canine and 1st molar
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what is the combined width of the primary 1st and 2nd molars greater than?
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the mesiodistal width of their permanent successors (the premolars)
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what is the sharpest cusp on a primary mandibular 1st molar?
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highest and sharpest is the mesiolongual cusp
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compare the primary and permanent maxillary canine cusps.
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primary maxillary canine has a shaper, more pointed cusp
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what are examples of detrimental habits?
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thumb-sucking, tongue-thrusting, mouth-breathing
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how can tongue-thrusting be remedied?
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appliances such as tongue-rake and/or consultation with an orthodontist
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how can mouth-breathing be remedied?
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consulation with a physician or orthodontist
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how are sealants applied and what could happen if they're done incorrectly?
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thin coat on non-carious pits and fissures; excess will change bite and may cause occlusal trauma
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what is prophylactic odontotomy?
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elimination of a precarious pit or fissure by a small conservative preparation and restoration to prevent the inception of decay
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elimination of a precarious pit or fissure by a small conservative preparation and restoration to prevent the inception of decay
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prophylactic odontotomy
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Primary teeth have fewer what than permanent teeth...?****
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natural faults and fissures
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what are proper arch form/length commonly preserved with?
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amalgam restorations and chrome crowns
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what can happen if primary teeth are prematurely lost?
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short roots of permanent successors and arch collapse
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how can space maintenance be achieved?
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-band and loop restorations
-crown and loop restorations -lingual holding arch (appliance of choice) |
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what size are the buccal cusps of a primary mandibular 2nd molar? this differs from what?
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3 buccal cusps are approx. the same size; differs from perm mandibular 1st molar w/ distinctly smaller distal cusp
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what does the anatomy of the primary 2nd molar correspond to and how is this best visualized?
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permanent 1st molar in same arch; best in occlusal view
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the primary second molars are larger than...?
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the primary first molars
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which are larger - primary first or second molars?
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primary second molars
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primary mandibular first molar has a prominent what?
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facial cervical ridge that bulges out on the mesiobuccal
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what is distinct on the primary mandibular first molar?
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transverse ridge that joins the MB and ML cusps
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which tooth has a crown form unlike any other primary or permanent tooth?
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primary mandibular 1st molar
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Which primary or permanent canine is unique for having a mesial cusp ridge that is longer than the distal ridge?
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primary maxillary canine
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mesial cusp ridge vs. distal ridge on a primary maxillary canine...
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mesial cusp ridge is LONGER than distal ridge
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which canines have a mesial cusp ridge that is shorter than the distal ridge?
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primary mandibular canines and both permanent canines
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the primary maxillary central incisor is the only tooth of either dentition that is what?
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the crown is wider mesiodistally than incisocervically
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are there mamelons on newly erupted primary incisors?
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no
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what is concresence?
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cemental union of two fully developed teeth that were originally separate entities
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cemental union of two fully developed teeth that were originally separate entities
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concresence
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what are perikymata the result of?
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normal enamel apposition
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what does the junction of the interdental papilla and IEO become?
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dentinoenamel junction
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dentinoenamel junction
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forms from junction of the interdental papilla and IEO
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where is enamel thickest?
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on the incisal and occlusal surfaces of permanent teeth
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what material is ideal for restorations and why?
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material of low thermal conductivity - would protect pulpal cells from too much heat or cold
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what should be done w/ large or deep preparations?
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a base should be placed to protect the patient from sensitivity to heat and cold
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tensile strength
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causes enamel to be brittle and require dentinal support
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causes enamel to be brittle and require dentinal support
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tensile strength
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where must restorative procedures be extended?
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to areas of dentinal support; requires the removal of healthy tooth structure
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what can reduced salivary flow do?
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may lead to tooth decay
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what is pulp?
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the living soft tissue that occupies the pulp cavity
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what does the pulp supply and do?
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tooth's nutrient supply in the form of blood vessels as well as nerve supply; transmits sensory stimuli
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what are the walls of the pulp cavity lined with?
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odontoblasts
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permanent or temporary - no permanent successor present
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permanet
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permanent or temporary - roots of primary teeh have not resorbed 3/4 of their original length
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permanent
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permanent or temporary - permanent successor is coverered by alveolar bone
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permanent
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permanent or temporary - tooth is not loose, indication that early exfoliation is not imminent
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permanent
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permanent or temporary - eruption of similary teeth in other quadrants indicates some delay in the eruption of the permanent successor
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permanent
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permanent restorations should be placed under which conditions?
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-no permanent successor present
-roots of primary teeh have not resorbed 3/4 of their original length -permanent successor is coverered by alveolar bone -tooth is not loose, indication that early exfoliation is not imminent -eruption of similary teeth in other quadrants indicates some delay in the eruption of the permanent successor |
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should be placed in any tooth that will remain in the arch for 6 mo or longer
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permanent restorations
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should be placed in any tooth that will remain in the arch for less than six months
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temporary restorations
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physical properties of cementum
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55%: inorganic salts
30-35%: organic matter 15%: water |
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physical properties of dentin
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75%: inorganic salts
20%: organic matter 5%: water |
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physical properties of enamel
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97%: inorganic salts
1%: organic matter 2%: water |
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which teeth generally erupt before their counterparts? what are the exceptions?
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mandibular primary teeth erupt before maxillary; exception is maxillary premolars erupt before mandibular
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what is the general rules for the eruption sequence? what are the exceptions?
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almost perfect anterior to posterior order; EXCEPT primary canines erupt after 1st molars; permanent 1st molars and maxillary canines erupt after other anterior teeth and premolars
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Teeth erupt in almost perfect anterior to posterior order except...
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*primary canines erupt after 1st molars
*permanent 1st molars and maxillary canines (erupt after other anterior teeth and premolars) |
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which arch normally erupts first
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the mandibular in both dentitions
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which maxillary teeth break the rules and normally erupt before their mandiblar counterparts?
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maxillary premolars
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on large restorative cases with group function, some clinicans...?
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want NO WORKING CONTACTS on the distobuccal cusps of the 1st olar and the buccal cusps of the 2nd molars
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in group function, what happens with the mandibular cusps and the maxillary buccal cusps?
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outer inclines of mandibular buccal cusps contact inner inclines of the maxillary buccal cusps
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in centric occlusion, the mandibular lingual cusps are in line with what?
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the opposing lingual embrasures and developmental grooves
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in centric occlusion, the maxillary buccal cusps are in line with what?
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the opposing buccal embrasures and developmental grooves
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centric stops
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cusp - marginal ridge
cusp - fossa cusp - occlusal embrasure |
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what are the non-supporting cusps in each arch? aka?
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max = buccal cusps
mand = lingual cusps aka non-centric cusps or shearing cusps |
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in the working position, how do the cusps align?
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aligned with opposing embrasures and developmental grooves
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in working position, what do the non-supporting cusps do?
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mesiodistal position of non-supporting cusps accomdoates working movements
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what does the central groove line indicate?
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-beginning of faciolingual taper
-beginning of lingual embrasures -end of proximal contact towards the lingual -buccolingual position for centric stops |
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supporting cusps position versus the central groove of opposition arch...
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rolling in of outer inclines of supporting cusps places them under/over the line of the central groove of opposing arch
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what are the supporting cusps in the max/mand archs? aka?
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max = lingual cusps
mand = buccal cusps aka centric cusps or stamp cusps |
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steering wheel of occlusion
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anterior teeth
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what do condyles do in a protrusive movement?
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move forward and downward on articular eminence
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protrusive movements are the result of?
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translation of the condyles; there is NO rotary or hinge component
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What is the curve of wilson?
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the mediolateral curvature of the occlusal plane of the posterior teeth
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what does the curve of wilson do?
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depresses non-supoorting cusps and helps prevent working interferences
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which teeth are protected in centric occlusion?
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posterior teeth protect the anterior teeth and prevent excess loading on TMJs
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which teeth are protected in protrusive movements?
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incisors protect the canines and posterior teeth
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which teeth are protected in lateral excursions?
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canines protect the incisors and posterior teeth (cuspid rise)
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"closure stoppers"
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posterior teeth
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where should the only excursive contacts be?
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on the anterior teeth
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what is anterior guidance and what does it do?
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functional relationships of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth during excursive movements; protects posterior teeth through posterior disclusion
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functional relationships of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth during excursive movements
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anterior guidance
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protects posterior teeth through posterior disclusion
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anterior guidance
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where are the effects of anterior guidance greatest?
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in the premolar region
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where are the effects of condylar guidance greatest?
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molar region
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anterior guidance helps prevent excessive what?
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range of motion; this protects TMJs by limiting excursive movements
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anterior guidance versus condylar guidance
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anterior should be equal or greater to condylar guidance
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anterior guidance is the result of...?
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horizontal and vertical overlaps
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anterior guidance prevents the condyles from doing what?
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working against the posterior slopes of the articular eminences during excursive movement
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distraction of the condyles due to CR or excursive interferences can be harmful to?
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the TMJs
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steeper condylar inclination means cusps are
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taller
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flatter condylar inclination means cusps are
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shorter
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what does the midroot cross section of a maxillary 1st premolar look like?
|
kidney-shaped
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where is the root concavity on a maxillary 1st premolar midroot cross section?
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mesial surface
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how does group function relate to lateral excursion?
|
the buccal cusps contact along with the canines on the working side
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what is cuspid rise?
|
during lateral excursion, the canines are the only teeth to touch on the working side
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on the opposite side of the arch, the buccal cusps of the left mandibular posterior teeth move under the lingual cusps of the left maxillary posterior teeth. this position is referred as..?
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the non-working position or balancing side
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as the mandible moves to the right, the buccal cusps of the mandibular right posterior teeth move under the buccal cusps of the maxillary right posterior teeth. this movement is called..?
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right lateral excursion; resulting position is the working position
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what do non-supporting cusps do?
|
maxillary buccal cusps - keep teeth out of way during mastication
mandibular lingual cusps - keep tongue out of way during mastication |
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during a right lateral excursion, which sides are the non-working and working sides?
|
non-working (or balancing) = left
working = right |
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what is centric occlusion? aka?
|
maximum intercuspation of teeth;
maximum intercuspation |
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where should occlusal forces be borne? this promotes?
|
along the long axes of teeth; stability of occlusion
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which contacts are NOT desireable?
|
occlusal contacts on inclines
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what do cusps do on the working side? the balancing side?
|
working side - mandibular buccal cusps move under maxillary buccal cusps
balancing side - mandibular buccal cusps move under maxillary lingual cusps |
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class I ideal occlusion requirements
|
ideal interdigitation
ideal skeletal relationship ideal overbite ideal overjet no impactions no missing teeth no supernumerary teeth |
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class I - % and profile
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72%; orthognathic
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class II - % and profile
|
22%; retrognathic
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class III - % and profile
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6%; prognathic
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the anterior teeth are protected by what from the TMJ?
|
their distance
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where are forces greatest in relation to the TMJs?
|
closest to joints
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what protects the canines?
|
long roots and canine eminences
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what is the curve of spee?
|
curvature which begins at the canines and follows the buccal cusp tips of the premolars and molars
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what is a flatter curve of spee less likely to have?
|
excursive interferences
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where should space be in centric occlusion?
|
between the inner inclines of non-supporing cusps and outer inclines of opposing cusps
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what should the space be in centric occlusion?
|
.5mm to 1.0mm
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what does the space in centric occlusion do?
|
reduces lateral forces and helps prevent excursive interferences
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what do pulp horns look like in a young and old tooth?
|
young - prominent elongations
with age - become blunted or obliterated - may not exist anymore |
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what are the differences between the primary/perm pulps?
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primary almost twice as large as permanent
primary forms secondary dentin but lifespan too short for appreciable decrease in pulp size |
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what are the shape differences of the primary/perm buccal and lingual crests of contour?
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primary are bulgy and heavy compared to permanent
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what are lateral canals? where are they most often found and what do they do?
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aka accessory canals - minute canals that usually extend in a lateral or roughly horizontal direction from pulp to periodontal membrane; most often found in apical 1/2 of root; minor source of nutrient supply to pulp
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how many roots and pupl canals do mandibular molars normally have?
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2 roots and 3 pulp canals
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what percentage of the time do mandibular 1st molars have 4 pulp canals? how any canals are in each root?
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30%; 2
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what happens to the deciduous teeth? when does this process take place?
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exfoliation; takes place between 7-12 years of age
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how is secondary dentin deposited? aka?
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a consistent, uniform manner as part of normal aging process;
physiological dentin |
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when does tertiary dentin form? aka?
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in response to acute or chronic irritants such as caries, thermal and functional trauma, or mechanical causes;
reparative dentin |
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how many pulp horns do permanent molars normally have?
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4
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how many pulp horns are on a mewly erupted mandibular 1st molar?
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may be a fifth pup horn corresponding to the distal cusp
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what is eruption?
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movement of the teeth from the bony crypts in which they are formed to their appearance in the bony cavity
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movement of the teeth from the bony crypts in which they are formed to their appearance in the bony cavity
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eruption
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at what age have all primary teeth erupted by?
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two years
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what is erosion?
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"U" or saucer shaped defects that are related to problems such as bulimia or GERD
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"U" or saucer shaped defects that are related to problems such as bulimia or GERD
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erosion
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toothbrush abrasion
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"V" shaped defects that are related to toothbrushes with hard bristles and a horizontal brushing technique
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"V" shaped defects that are related to toothbrushes with hard bristles and a horizontal brushing technique
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toothbrush abrasion
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abfractions
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"V" shaped defects that are related to occlusal trauma
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"V" shaped defects that are related to occlusal trauma
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abfractions
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what are the physical properties of dentin?
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inorganic salts: 75%
organic matter: 20% water: 5% |
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compare dentin's hardness to enamel.
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hardness of dentin averages about 1/5 that of enamel
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what are the physical properties of cementum?
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inorganic salts: 55%
organic matter: 30-35% water: 15% |
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what is cementum?
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layer of hard, bonelike tissue which covers the anatomical root of a tooth
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layer of hard, bonelike tissue which covers the anatomical root of a tooth
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cementum
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mottled enamel
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aka dental fluorisis; a disturbance in calcification as a result of the ingestion of 2 or more ppm of fluorine during enamel formation; teeth are more resistant to decay; white, opaque areas on enamel; brownish-yellowish in severe cases
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a disturbance in calcification as a result of the ingestion of 2 or more ppm of fluorine during enamel formation
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dental fluorisis
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is enamel brittle? what color is it?
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yes, especially when not supported by sound underlying dentin
white but sometimes yellowish due to underlying dentin |
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how can pulp be removed? when and why are posts used? what is the pulp subject to?
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endodontic procedures; on badly broken teeth to build up tooth in normal contours; inflammation
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hard tissues of a tooth
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enamel, dentin, and cementum
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soft tissues of a tooth
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pulp
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what are the differences between the primary/perm enamel rod directions?
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primary have perpendicular to dentino-enamel junction;
in cervical 3rd of perm tooth's crown, enamel rods incline in a cervical direction |
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what may the care of primary dentition include?
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full exam
prophylaxis OHI diet survey & counseling with parent |
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what is translucency? how does it relate to restorations?
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ability of light to pass through an object;
dentists may wait to take dentin shade until crown prep is finished |
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cementum overlaps the enamel
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60%
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cementum meets enamel at a sharp junction
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30%
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enamel and cementum do not meet, leaving dentin exposed at cervical line
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10%
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describe the roots of the primary molars and why they are like this
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thinner and more divergent to allow space for developing premolars; no identifiable root trunk
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what does the primary maxillary 1st molar resemble? why?
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maxillary premolar due to diminished size of DB and DL cusps
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what is the coefficient of thermal expansion? how does this relate to dental materials?
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measurement of expansion and contraction of materials w/ changes in temp
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secondary occlusal traumatism
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result of normal forces on abnormal or reduced supporting structures
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fremitus
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functional mobility of a tooth; may be found in both primary and secondary traumatism
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measurement of expansion and contraction of materials w/ changes in temp
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coefficient of thermal expansion
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result of normal forces on abnormal or reduced supporting structures
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secondary occlusal traumatism
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functional mobility of a tooth; may be found in both primary and secondary traumatism
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fremitus
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what has the hardness of enamel been compared to? what is the purpose of this?
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good stainless steel alloy; more resistant to decay than dentin or cementum
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where does enamel rank on the hardness scale?
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8th compared to diamond and tungsten carbide
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anondontia
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"complete" lack of teeth
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"complete" lack of teeth
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anondontia
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partial anodontia
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one or a few missing teeth
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one or a few missing teeth
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partial anodontia
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congenitally missing primary teeth are...?
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rare
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permanent teeth that are least likely to be missing
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canines
first molars maxillary central incisors |
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most commonly missing permanent teeth
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3rd molars: 25-35% chance
maxillary lateral incisors mandibular 2nd premolars maxillary 2nd premolars |
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reasons for congenitally missing teeth
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hereditary
congenital syphilis endocrine disorders low dose radiation before 3-4 yrs of age bony defects such as cleft palate |
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congenitally missing teeth are usually...
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bilateral
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maxillary lateral incisors : one may be missing and the other
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malformed (peg lateral)
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supernumerary teeth normally occur:
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unilaterally
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etiology of supernumerary teeth
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genetic in nature
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supernumerary teeth are exhibited in which dentition?
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deciduous and permanent
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in permanent dentition, supernumerary teeth are most common where?
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the maxillary incisor area and third molar area, and in mandibular second premolar areas
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primary mandibular central
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6-8 mos
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primary mandibular lateral
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7-9 mos
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primary maxillary central
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7-9 mos
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primary maxillary lateral
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9-11 mos
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primary mandibular first molar
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12-14 mos
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primary maxillary first molar
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14-16 mos
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primay mandibular canine
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16-18 mos
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primary maxillary canine
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18-20 mos
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primary mandibular second molar
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20-22 mos
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primary maxillary second molar
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24-26 mos
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permanent mandibular first molar
|
6-7 yrs
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permanent maxillary first molar
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6-7 yrs
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permanent mandibular central incisor
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6-7 yrs
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permanent maxillary central incisor
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7-8 yrs
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permanent mandibular lateral incisor
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7-8 yrs
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permanent maxillary lateral incisor
|
8-9 yrs
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permanent mandibular canine
|
9-10 yrs
|
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permanent maxillary first premolar
|
10-11 yrs
|
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permanent mandibular first premolar
|
10-12 yrs
|
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permanent maxillary second premolar
|
10-12 yrs
|
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permanent mandibular second premolar
|
11-12 yrs
|
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permanent maxillary canine
|
11-12 yrs
|
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permanent mandibular second molar
|
11-13 yrs
|
|
|
permanent maxillary second molar
|
12-13 yrs
|
|
|
permanent mandibular third molar
|
17-21 yrs
|
|
|
permanent maxillary third molar
|
17-21 yrs
|
|
|
the primary dentition occurs at which ages
|
6 mos to 6 yrs
|
|
|
which permanent tooth is normally first to erupt?
|
mandibular first molar
|
|
|
mixed dentition period is at what ages?
|
6-12 yrs
|
|
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mixed dentition ends with exfoliation of which teeth (normally)?
|
maxillary canine or 2nd molar
|
|
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perm dentition is at what age?
|
12 yrs thru life
|
|
|
last deciduous tooth normally exfoliated?
|
maxillary canine or 2nd molar
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|
|
1st permanent tooth to erupt
|
mandibular first molar
|
|
|
first succedaneous tooth to erupt
|
permanent mandibular central incisor
|
|
|
last permanet incisors to erupt
|
maxillary lateral incisors
|
|
|
maxillary canines usually erupt after what?
|
premolars and other anterior teeth have erupted
|
|
|
last anterior teeth to erupt are?
|
maxillary canines
|
|
|
the primary maxillary canine is usually exfoliated between what ages?
|
10 and 11
|
|
|
the spacing between the anterior teeth in a 5-yr old is most frequently caused by..?
|
growth of the dental arches
|
|
|
the beginning of active tooth eruption begins...?
|
after 1/2 of the root is formed
|
|
|
what teeth are erupted in a 1-yr old?
|
primary incisors and first molars
|
|
|
what teeth are erupted in a 6-yr old?
|
all primary teeth and the permanet 1st molars
|
|
|
what teeth are erupted in a 7-yr old?
|
18 primary teeth and 6 permanent teeth (1st molars and mandibular central incisors)
|
|
|
what teeth are erupted in an 8-yr old?
|
permanent central and lateral incisors,
primary canines and molars, and permanent first molars |
|
|
what teeth are erupted in a 9-yr old?
|
12 primary teeth - primary canines, 1st molars, and 2nd molars
|
|
|
the first premolar replaces the..
|
primary first molar
|
|
|
the permanent teeth normally erupt at what ages? what is the exception?
|
6-12; 3rd molars
|
|
|
which teeth tend to reach occlusion more slowly than others?
|
permanent cuspids
|
|
|
which teeth reach occlusion in the least amount of time?
|
first molars
|
|
|
primary teeth calcify when?
|
between the 4th and 6th months in utero
|
|
|
roots of primary teeth complete when?
|
1 yr after eruption
|
|
|
root resorption normally begins when?
|
about 1 year after root completion
|
|
|
calcifications of the permanent teeth begin...?
|
between birth and 3 yrs (excluding 3rd molars)
|
|
|
enamel is completely formed when?
|
about 3 years prior to eruption
|
|
|
roots of the permanenet teeh are completely formed when?
|
about 2-3 yrs after eruption
|
|
|
pre-clinical eruption
|
vertical migration of teeth within the mandible or maxilla
|
|
|
vertical migration of teeth within the mandible or maxilla
|
pre-clinical eruption
|
|
|
clinical eruption
|
vertical migration into the oral cavity
|
|
|
vertical migration into the oral cavity
|
clincial eruption
|
|
|
vertical migration in the clincial stage
|
active eruption
|
|
|
active eruption
|
vertical migration in the clincial stage
|
|
|
passive eruption
|
denotes an atrophy of the surrounding tissues of the teeth
|
|
|
denotes an atrophy of the surrounding tissues of the teeth
|
passive eruption
|
|
|
2 contributions to active eruption
|
growth - as ramus lengthens, the mandible is lowered from the base of the skull increasing space between arches
attrition - teeth may migrate vertically to compensate for amount of tooth structure lost by wear ***TRUE ERUPTION PROCESS*** |
|
|
what is the true eruption process called?
|
active eruption
|
|
|
passive eruption
|
recession in supporting tissues results in an increased exposure of anatomic corwn and root, increasing length of clinical crown
**NOT TRUE ERUPTION; PATHOLOGY" |
|
|
calcification of the permanent first molar normally begins...
|
at birth
|
|
|
dental hypoplasia is present...
|
when the tooth erupts
|
|
|
oligodontia
|
developmental abnormality characterized by fewer than usual number of teeth
|
|
|
developmental abnormality characterized by fewer than usual number of teeth
|
oligodontia
|
