Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Central Nervous System Medications include..(9)
|
-analgesics and antagonists
-anesthetics -anti-anxiety and sedative-hypnotic drugs -antiseizure or anti epileptic drugs -central nervous system stimulants -psychotherapeutic medications |
|
Non-narcotic analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents
3 examples and used for? |
salicilates(ASA)
acetaminophen(tylenol) ibuprofen(advil) -used for mild to moderate pain |
|
Narcotic analgesics are used for what? 1 example?
|
used for visceral pain and discomfort
opium derivatives |
|
Opioids definition and functions
|
-similar to opium
-extracted from poppy plant and has been used for centuries for its analgesic and hallucinogenic effects -treats pain b/c similarity to natural pain reducing peptides(endorphins) -fx by decreasing the sensory neurons ability to propagate pain impulses to the spinal cord and brain -prototype drug is morphine |
|
Opioid antagonists do what?
example? |
reverse the effects of opioid drugs
naloxone(narcan) is prototype |
|
Anesthetics do what?
|
induce a state of anesthesia or a loss of sensation to touch or pain
|
|
Local anesthetics are administered where and why?
one example |
-to block sensation for medical procedures
-agent is admin. into skin around the nerves that innervate the area of the procedure -decreases nerve ability to depolarize and propagate impulse to the brain example xylocaine(lidocaine) |
|
Sedation
|
state of decreased anxiety and inhibitions
|
|
Hypnosis
|
instigation of sleep
|
|
Sleep
|
categorized as REM or non REM
REM sleep is characterized as rapid eye movement and lack of motor control most dreaming occurs during REM sleep |
|
Mechanism of Action of Benzodiazepines and barbiturates
|
hyperpolarize the membrane of the CNS neurons decreasing the response to pain
|
|
Benzodiazepines(antianxiety agents) four actions?
what schedule and why? |
anxiety reducing
sedative hypnotics muscle relaxing anticonvulsants all are schedule IV b/c of potential for abuse |
|
Commonly prescribed Benzodiazepines(7)
|
chlordiazepoxide(librium)
clorazepate(tranxene) diazepam(valium) Flurazepam(dalmane) prazepam(centrax) midazolam(versed) lorazepam(ativan) |
|
the antagonistic drug(antianxiety and sedative hypnotic drug), Flumazenil(romazicon) does what?
|
competitively binds with the benzodiazepine receptors in the GABA receptor chloride ion channel without causing the effects of benzodiazepines
reverses the sedation of benzo's |
|
Amphetamines do what?
|
increase the release of excitatory neurotransmitters including norepinephrine and dopamine
|
|
Norepinephrine drug effects include (3)
example of? |
wakefulness, increased awareness, decreased appetite
example: Dexedrine |
|
Antiemetic
|
an agent that prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting
|
|
Dopamine is _________and acetycholine is ____________ to the nervous system
|
dopamine is inhibitory
acetylcholine is excitatory to the nervous system |
|
Drugs affecting the parasympathetic system
|
cholinergics
anticholinergics ganglionic blocking agents neuromuscular blocking agents ganglionic stimulating agents |
|
drugs affecting the sympathetic system
|
adrenergic receptors
adrenergic agonists adrenergic antagonists skeletal muscle relaxants |
|
Cholinergic drugs act how? (2 ways)
examples of each |
-directly-direct acting cholinergics stimulate the effects of acetycholine by directly binding to cholinergic receptors, prototype-bethanechol(urecholine)
-indirect-inhibit action of degrading acetycholine prolonging the cholinergic response, neostigmine is prototype reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor |
|
anticholinergics do what
|
oppose the parasympathetic nervous system
|
|
muscarinic cholinergic antagonists do what?
two examples |
block the effects of acetylcholine almost exclusively at the muscarinic receptors
often called-anticholinergics or parasympatholytics atropine is prototype scopolamine is anticholinergic used to prevent motion sickness |
|
Neuromuscular blockade description and one example
|
produces a state of paralysis without affecting consciousness
caused by competitive antagonism of nicotine receptors at the neuromuscular junction useful during surgery and to facilitate emerg intubation depolarizing or nonpolarizing(most) succinylcholine(rapid acting short half life) |
|
Golden rule of management
|
treat the patient not the monitor
|
|
Causes of dysrhythmias
|
-MI, necrosis, infarct
-autonomic nervous system imbalance -distention of the chambers of the heart -blood gas abnormalities -electrolyte imbalance -trauma to the myocardium -drug effects and drug toxicity -electrocution -hypothermia -CNS damage(vagus) -idiopathic events -normal occurances |
|
Dysrhytmias-4 mechanisms of impulse formation
|
disturbance in automaticity
disturbance in conductivity combination of altered automaticity and conductivity ectopic foci-ectopic beats |
|
chronotropic drugs do what?
two examples |
affect heart rate
+ chrono=epinephrine - chrono=verapamil |
|
dromotropic drugs do what?
two examples |
affect conduction velocity through the conduction tissues of the heart
+ dromo=isoproterenol - dromo=adenosine |
|
inotropic agents do what?
two examples |
affects force of contraction
positive inotropic increase force of contraction=epinephrine negative inotropic weakens or decreases the force of contraction=propranolol |