Cultural Geography Chapter 10

Front 1

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.

Back 1

Agribuisness

Front 2

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.

Back 2

Agriculture

Front 3

A grass yielding grain for food.

Back 3

Cereal Grain

Front 4

Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.

Back 4

Chaff

Front 5

A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field.

Back 5

Combine

Front 6

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products fro sale off the farm.

Back 6

Commercial Agriculture

Front 7

Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season.

Back 7

Crop

Front 8

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.

Back 8

Crop Rotation

Front 9

The degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.

Back 9

Desertification

Front 10

Harvesting twice a year form the same field.

Back 10

Double Cropping

Front 11

Seed of cereal grass.

Back 11

Grain

Front 12

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.

Back 12

Green Revolution

Front 13

The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.

Back 13

Horticulture

Front 14

The outer covering of a seed.

Back 14

Hull

Front 15

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.

Back 15

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

Front 16

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.

Back 16

Milkshed

Front 17

Malay word for rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah.

Back 17

Paddy

Front 18

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.

Back 18

Pastoral Nomadism

Front 19

Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing.

Back 19

Pasture

Front 20

A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specialized in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.

Back 20

Plantation

Front 21

The most productive farmland.

Back 21

Prime Agricultural Land

Front 22

A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.

Back 22

Ranching

Front 23

A machine that cuts cereal grain standing in the field.

Back 23

Reaper

Front 24

The system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.

Back 24

Ridge Tillage

Front 25

A flooded field for growing rice.

Back 25

Sawah

Front 26

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.

Back 26

Shifting Cultivation

Front 27

Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.

Back 27

Slash & Burn Agriculture

Front 28

Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer.

Back 28

Spring Wheat

Front 29

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family.

Back 29

Subsistence Agriculture

Front 30

Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides.

Back 30

Sustainable Agriculture

Front 31

A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.

Back 31

Swidden

Front 32

To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it.

Back 32

Thresh

Front 33

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.

Back 33

Transhumance

Front 34

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities.

Back 34

Truck Farming

Front 35

Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth.

Back 35

Wet Rice

Front 36

To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away to the moon.

Back 36

Winnow

Front 37

Wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer.

Back 37

Winter Wheat