Cultural Anthropology Test 2

Front 1

Formalist Theory of Economic Anthropology

Back 1

Profit Maximizing, individual, universally free market principles

Front 2

Substantivism Theory of Economic Anthropology

Back 2

Interpretivism- emic views, variety beyond free market

Front 3

Functionalism Theory of Economic Anthropology

Back 3

Meeting basic human needs

Front 4

Political Economy Theory of Economic Anthropology

Back 4

Inequalities in resources, power, and status

Front 5

Cultural Materialism Theory of Economic Anthropology

Back 5

Infrastructural Priority

Front 6

Cohen's Adaptive Strategy of Foraging

Back 6

rely on hunting/gathering, mobility, use of nature's resources

Front 7

Cohen's Adaptive Strategy of Horticulture

Back 7

Slash and Burn, Shifting Cultivation, Swiddening, dry farming, make use of a fallow period

Front 8

Cohen's Adaptive Strategy of Agriculture

Back 8

Intensive farming with continuous use of land and intensive use of labor

Front 9

Cohen's Adaptive Strategy of Pastoralism

Back 9

Harding, use of nomadism and transhumance

Front 10

Cohen's Adaptive Strategy of Industrailism

Back 10

Industrial Production, using Factory production, capitalism, and socialist production

Front 11

Service's Four Types, or levels, of Political Organization

Back 11

Band, Tribe, Chiefdom, State, in increasing order of population, hierarchy, and organizational complexity

Front 12

Minimalism Mode of Comsumption

Back 12

limited desires, adequate means

Front 13

Consumerism Mode of Consumption

Back 13

Unlimited desires, inadequate means

Front 14

Balanced Exchange mode of exchange

Back 14

generalized reciprocity, balanced reciprocity

Front 15

Redistribution (centrist) Mode of Exchange

Back 15

Egalitarian/Exploitive, pooling/taxation

Front 16

Unbalanced Exchange Mode of Exchange

Back 16

market exchange, pure gift, theft, exploitation

Front 17

Hegemony

Back 17

When subordinates comply by internalizing ruler's values and accepting their domination as "natural" or deserved.

Front 18

False Consciousness

Back 18

Subordinate's belief in ideology of dominant group

Front 19

Matrilineal Descent

Back 19

Trace kinship in female line

Front 20

Patrilineal Descent

Back 20

Trace Kinship in male line

Front 21

Matrilocality

Back 21

Couple lives in wive's community

Front 22

Patrilocality

Back 22

Couple lives in husband's community

Front 23

Matrilineal, Matrilocal societies

Back 23

Women relatively high status, population pressure on strategic resources minimal, little warfare

Front 24

Patrilineal, Patrilocal societies

Back 24

Male travel and prominent female economy, increased gender stratification, pressure on resources, warfare, sharp domestic-public dichotomy, Women cook, clean, look after children, males dominate the public domain

Front 25

Debate over Matriarchy

Back 25

Matriarchies exist, but not mirror image of patriarchy.

Front 26

Industrial variation in gender roles in industrialized countries

Back 26

gendered work, attitudes, beliefs, vary in response to economic needs

Front 27

Kinship Symbols Triangle, Circle, Square

Back 27

Male, Female, Individual Regardless of Sex

Front 28

Equals, does not equal

Back 28

Is married to, is divorced from

Front 29

Strait downward line, overhead connecting line

Back 29

is descended from, is the sibling of

Front 30

Shaded Triangle, Circle, Square

Back 30

Male Ego whose kin are being shown, female ego whose kin are being shown, ego regardless of sex

Front 31

Circle or Triangle with diagonal line

Back 31

Individual who is deceased

Front 32

F, M

Back 32

Father, Mother

Front 33

S,D,B,Z,C

Back 33

Son, Daughter, Brother, Sister, Child regardless of sex

Front 34

H,W

Back 34

Husband, Wife

Front 35

Lineal Terminology

Back 35

Inuit/Eskimo System, Bilateral Kinship (links through males and females as similar or equal)

Front 36

Bifurcate Merging Terminology

Back 36

Distinguishes mother's side from father's side, Merges same sex siblings of either parent, linked with unilineal descent and unilocal residences, sometimes can marry cousins

Front 37

3 variants of bifurcate merging

Back 37

Omaha type- strong patrilineal descent; Crow type- strong matrilineal descent; Iroquois type, unilineal descent and bilateral cross-cousin marriage

Front 38

Generational Terminology

Back 38

also called hawaiian system, same terms for children and their siblings and does not distinguish between mother/fathers side, close with extended family, ambilineal, ambilocal

Front 39

Bifurcate Collateral

Back 39

Also called sudanese system, distinguishes all 6 kin types, unilineal descent and unilocal residence.