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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the volume of peripheral blood in the human body?
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5-6 liters
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what are the 6 major components of plasma?
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plasma proteins, nutrients, waste products, control substances, electrolytes, gases
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what are the 3 cellular components of blood?
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erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
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what is the name of the layer containing leukocytes and platelets when blood is centrifuged?
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buffy coat
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what is the normal range for hematocrit in humans?
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35-49%
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what is the normal value of hemoglobin in humans?
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13-18g/dL
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is it possible to have a normal hematocrit but a low hemoglobin level?
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yes, this is exhibited in anemia
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what is the life span of a mature erythrocyte?
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120 days
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what is the function of the biconcave disk shape of the erythrocyte?
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to allow the maximum number of hemoglobin moleculed to be as close as possible to the cell membrane, thereby optimizing gaseous exchange of O2 and CO2.
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what is the name for the process by which erythrocytes squeeze between epithelial cells?
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diapedesis
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which membrane proteins are responsible for a red blood cell's shape? Are these found on the extracellular or cytoplasmic side?
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actin and spectrin; cytoplasmic
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what is the average diameter of a mature erythrocyte?
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7.2 microns
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what are they two general categories of leukocytes?
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granulocytes and agranulocytes
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which, granulocytes or agranulocytes, contain azurophilic granules?
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both
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what is the lifespan of leukocytes? How are they killed?
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a few days; apoptosis
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which is the most numerous leukocyte? What are its two nicknames?
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polymorphonuclear leukocyte; poly and neutrophil
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what percentage of a normal white cell differentiation count do polys comprise?
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45-75%
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do neutrophils have single- or multilobed nuclei? Do they have granules? Which color?
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multilobed nucleus; yes; pale salmon-colored
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what is the average diameter of a neutrophil?
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12-15 microns
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what is the main function of a neutrophil?
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to combat infection by the phagocytosis of bacteria
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which special molecule is found in the cytoplasm of neutrophils? What does this allow the cell to do?
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glycogen; survive in an anaeorbic environment
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what is the name for immature neutrophils that appear in the peripheral blood in response to acute infection?
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band or stab
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what is the average diameter of an eosinophil?
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12-17 microns
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what percentage of a normal white cell differentiation count do eosinophils comprise?
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1-6%
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how many lobes does an eosinophil nucleus contain?
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2
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what is the color of the granules in an eosinophil? What is contained in these granules?
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red-orange; major basic protein
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upon which events will the eosinophil count rise?
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parasitic infections and allergic reactions
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what is the prevalence of basophils in a white cell differential?
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less than 1%
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what do the granules of basophils contain?
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heparin and histamine
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how many lobes does a basophil nucleus have? Can you see it?
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2; no, the nucleus is normally obscured
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what are the 2 categories of agranulocytes?
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lymphocytes and monocytes
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what percentage of a normal white cell differentiation count do lymphocytes comprise?
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25-30%
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which cell is the largest leukocyte? What is its diameter?
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monocyte; 12-20 microns
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when monocytes leave the circulation to enter the extravascular space, what do they differentiate to become?
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macrophages
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what morphology do platelets have?
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disk-shaped
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what is the average diameter of a platelet?
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1.5-3.5 microns
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from what are platelets derived?
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cytoplasm of the giant polypoid megakaryocyte of the bone marrow
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what is the lifespan of a platelet?
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10 days
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what helps to maintain the plasma disk shape?
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a circumferential band of microtubules
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in which processes are granules in platelets involved?
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platelet aggregation, clot formation, and clot resorption
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what plays a role in adhesion and aggregation of platelets in areas of endothelial injury?
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plugs
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which protein is responsible for the formation of a clot?
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fibrin
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which molecules are responsible for clot retraction?
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actin and myosin
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which protein is involved in clot lysis?
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plasmin
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what is the difference between plasma and serum?
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serum is the same as plasma except it does not have clotting factors
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what is the normal range for Na+? K+
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135-145mEq/L; 3.5-5.1 mEq/L
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what is the normal value for HCO3? Cl-?
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22-29 mEq/L; 98-106 mEq/L
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what is the normal range for Ca++? Fasting glucose?
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8.4-10.2 mg/L; 75-115 mg/L
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how many erythrocytes are present per microliter of blood? Leukocytes? Platelets?
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4.1-6x10^6 (males), 3.9-5.5x10^6 (females); 4000-10000, 200000-400000
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what percentage of plasma is composed of water? of proteins? of other solutes?
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91-92%; 7-8%; 1-2%
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what is the term used for erythrocytes that have normal amount of hemoglobin? less than normal?
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normochromic; hypochromic
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