Css 205 Summer

Front 1

Which of the following is not a function of soil pores?

Back 1

Provider of shear strength

Front 2

Soils forming from recently deposited, unaltered basalt would be considered to have residual parent material.

Back 2

True

Front 3

Match the six master horizons with their descriptions:

O

Back 3

Composed primarily of organic matter.

Front 4

Match the six master horizons with their descriptions:

A

Back 4

The top mineral horizon, enriched with organic matter from plants at the soil surface.

Front 5

Match the six master horizons with their descriptions:

E

Back 5

Highly leached, lighter in color than other horizons.

Front 6

Match the six master horizons with their descriptions:

B

Back 6

Illuviated horizons; typically accumulating clays, iron, and aluminium oxides.

Front 7

Match the six master horizons with their descriptions:

C

Back 7

The least developed horizon, often similar in appearance to the parent material.

Front 8

Match the six master horizons with their descriptions:

R

Back 8

Consolidated rock, minimal weathering.

Front 9

A soil profile always has all six of themaster horizons.

Back 9

FALSE

Front 10

What is the main difference between physicaland biogeochemical weathering?

Back 10

Biogeochemical weathering converts primary minerals into secondary minerals.

Front 11

Which of the following is not a soil-forming (pedogenic) process?

Back 11

Exchanges

Front 12

The three soil profiles drawn below make up a chronosequence. Select the answer which orders the three profiles from youngest to oldest (i.e. 1, 2, 3 or 3, 2, 1, etc.).

Back 12

Middle, right, left.

Front 13

The three soil profiles drawn below make up a toposequence. Select the answer that correctly labels their topographic position - which profile is the summit, which is the backslope, and which is the toeslope?

Back 13

Left = Summit

Middle = Toeslope

Right = Backslope

Front 14

In which horizon would you expect to find granular structure?

Back 14

A

Front 15

If you came across an E horizon, is its color more likely to be 10YR 2/2 or 10 YR 7/1?

Back 15

10YR 7/1

Front 16

Match the soil order with its description:

Histosols

Back 16

Soil made largely of organic matter

Front 17

Match the soil order with its description:

Aridisols

Back 17

Generally lighter colored soils found in dry environment, sometimes with accumulations of calcium, gypsum, soluble salts, or sodium.

Front 18

Match the soil order with its description:

Mollisols

Back 18

Calcium-enriched soils formed under prairie grass.

Front 19

Match the soil order with its description:

Entisols

Back 19

Poorly developed soils that lack a B horizon.

Front 20

Match the soil order with its description:

Inceptisols

Back 20

Poorly developed soils that have a B horizon, though it cant be enriched with clay.

Front 21

Match the soil order with its description:

Gelisols

Back 21

Solids with a permafrost layer.

Front 22

Match the soil order with its description:

Vertisols

Back 22

Soils with high shrink-swell clay content.

Front 23

Match the soil order with its description:

Alfisols

Back 23

Most commonly found under deciduous forests.

Front 24

Match the soil order with its description:

Ultisols

Back 24

Weathered yellow or red soils with a B horizon that has less than 35% base cations.

Front 25

Match the soil order with its description:

Oxisols

Back 25

Extremely weathered soils found in the tropics; intensively leached and very deep

Front 26

Match the soil order with its description:

Spodosols

Back 26

Soils formed under coniferous forests with intensive acid leaching, forming Bh and Bs horizons.

Front 27

Match the soil order with its description:

Andisols

Back 27

Soiled formed in volcanic ash or cinders.

Front 28

To which soil order does a soil in the great group Durixeralfs belong?

Back 28

Alfisols

Front 29

A soil in a bog or wetland, would likely have which soil moisture regime?

Back 29

Aquic

Front 30

Using the texture triangle, what texture does a soil with 66% sand, 18% clay, and 16% silt have?

Back 30

Sandy Loam

Front 31

After 44 seconds, all of the clay in the hydrometer has dropped out of suspension.

Back 31

False

Front 32

A lithologic discontinuity has a particular notation in a horizon description. Which of the following profiles have a lithologic discontinuity? Select ALL the answers that are correct.

Back 32

Ap-BA-2Bt1-2Bt2-2Btk-3Bkqm-3Bk

&

A1-A2-BA-Bt1-Bt2-2Bt3-2Bt4-2R

Front 33

When there is a horizon between two distinct horizons (say you've identified an A, transition, and a B), the proper notation for this transitional horizon is AB assuming that the A part is more dominant.

Back 33

True

Front 34

From the following locations, select the one in which you would be most likely to find an Ajj horizon

Back 34

Fairbanks, AK

Front 35

A surface horizon produce by long term spading and manure addition is called a _________ epipedon.

Back 35

Plaggen

Front 36

A soil with aquic conditions can have an aridic soil moisture regime

Back 36

TRUE

Front 37

Most mineral soils have a particle density between 2.60 g/cm3 and 2.75 g/cm3.

Back 37

TRUE

Front 38

Deeper in the soil profile, bulk densities are generally lower.

Back 38

FALSE

Front 39

A soil with a bulk density of 0.46 g/cm3 would likely belong to which soil order?

Back 39

Histosols

Front 40

Compaction is a problem because it ________________

Back 40

Reduces the infiltration of water into soil, Limits the rooting depth of plants, Increases runoff

Front 41

Fine textured soils tend to have fewer micropores than coarse textured soils:

Back 41

FALSE

Front 42

Clayey soils tend to compact more because of their ______________

Back 42

high cohesion and plasticity

Front 43

What is glomalin?

Back 43

A cementing agent produced by mycorrhizal fungi.

Front 44

Conventional tillage (e.g. moldboard plowing) is damaging to soil structure and can increase bulk density over time.

Back 44

TRUE

Front 45

At room temperature, water has a density of approximately 1 g/cm3

Back 45

TRUE

Front 46

Using the simplified capillary equation, h = 0.15/r, what is the height of capillary rise in a tube with a diameter of .1 cm?

Back 46

h = 0.15/r = 0.15/0.05cm = 3cm

Front 47

Soils with finer textures (e.g. clays) will have greater capillary rise than coarse soils (e.g. sands) due to their smaller pores.

Back 47

TRUE

Front 48

You perform the infiltration rate experiment on two different soils: a loamy sand, and a silty clay. Which soil is likely to have the higher infiltration rate?

Back 48

Loamy sand

Front 49

Imagine for a moment that you are a farmer. You use conventional tillage in your farming operation and drive a tractor with narrow tires. Over time, you start to observe that plants no longer grow in your tractor's tire tracks and furthermore that water tends to pool in these tracks when it rains. Has the soil bulk density in the tire tracks increased or decreased?

Back 49

Bulk density increased

Front 50

The matric potential of a soil at field capacity is generally:

Back 50

-10 to -30 kPa

Front 51

The difference between PET and actual ET is called the ___________

Back 51

water deficit

Front 52

The zone of wetting by capillary movement is known as the ____________.

Back 52

capillary fringe

Front 53

If an irrigated field (with accompanying cultivated crop) has a Field water efficiency of 38%, this means that _____________________

Back 53

62% of the applied irrigation water is not transpired by the crop

Front 54

Once a soil is depleted of oxygen, the soil environment is said to be _____________

Back 54

Anaerobic

Front 55

Hydric soils generally have a _________ or ___________ moisture regime.

Back 55

aquic, peraquic

Front 56

Why is it problematic if permafrost soils, such as Histels, begin to thaw?

Back 56

Organic matter frozen in these soils (and thus prevented from decomposing) will suddenly begin to break down, releasing huge amounts of carbon dioxide.

Front 57

In the capillary rise experiment, the side of the capillary wedge with the folded aluminum foil in it had greater capillary rise than the other side.

Back 57

FALSE

Front 58

In the week 7 lab, the yellow dye in the Kool-Aid behaves like a ___________, while the blue dye behaves like a ___________.

Back 58

anion, cation

Front 59

The colloidal fraction of soil includes ________ and _______ particles.

Back 59

clay, humus

Front 60

Which of the following is not a common soil cation? Na+, H+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cr3+

Back 60

Cr3+

Front 61

If a cation is adsorbed to a soil colloid, it is _________

Back 61

loosely held on the surface of the colloid

Front 62

Which colloid has the greatest net negative charge?

Back 62

Humus

Front 63

Iron & aluminum oxide-based clays are commonly found in tropical soils, like Oxisols. These clays have significant anion exchange capacity (meaning that the colloids have a net positive charge). Why does this property make these soils difficult for agricultural use?

Back 63

Plant nutrients are largely cations, which are repelled by the positive charge of the colloids, washing them out of the soil before plants can take them up.

Front 64

The accumulation of organic matter tends to acidify soils. Thus, Histosols tend to have a very basic pH.

Back 64

FALSE

Front 65

The application of ammonium-based fertilizers tends to decrease soil pH.

Back 65

TRUE

Front 66

Plants suffering from aluminum toxicity often show symptoms of phosphorous deficiency.

Back 66

TRUE

Front 67

Which of the following statements is true about saline seeps in semiarid regions?

Back 67

Saline seeps are often created or worsened by planting annual crops that use far less water than did the natural vegetation.

Front 68

Electrical conductivity (EC) of a soil-water paste is measured to estimate the ___________ of the soil.

Back 68

Salinity

Front 69

What treatments(s) would be effective in reclaiming 100 acres of saline-sodic soil?

Back 69

both answers 2 and 3; irrigate with diluted sulfuric acid solution, mix finely ground gypsum into the soil and then irrigate with an excess of water.

Front 70

Compared to the original topsoil from which the sediment was eroded, sediment typically contains ______________.

Back 70

two to three times more phosphorus and potassium

Front 71

Which of the following statements is accurate?

Back 71

Erosion is most likely when rainfall rate exceeds the soil's infiltration capacity

Front 72

What is "riprap," used on many construction sites?

Back 72

all of the above; a kind of "hard armor", a layer of large rocks, a practice used to stop gully formation by scouring

Front 73

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding conservation tillage?

Back 73

One of the benefits of conservation tillage is that the water-holding capacity of the soil is generally increased.