Csf Exam Ii Lecture Cvi

Front 1

what are the three layers of the blood vessels

Back 1

intima
media
externa

Front 2

What do you find in the intima

Back 2

endothelium

Front 3

what do you find in the media

Back 3

SM cells
elastic
fenestrated

Front 4

describe the externa

Back 4

outer layer of loose CT
support and provision of sm blood vessels and nerves

Front 5

the _____ _____ is contains vasvasorum

Back 5

tunica externa

Front 6

aorta, pul trunk, pulm artery, brachicephalic, common carotid, subclaivian, an common iliac are all

Back 6

elastic arteries

Front 7

how can you distinguish elastic arteries

Back 7

abundant elastic alminae in tunica media

Front 8

what is the difference between muscular arteries and elastic artieries

Back 8

ability to control lumen diameter and control blood flow rates

Front 9

arteries have 5+ layers of ____ in the _____ _____

Back 9

SM in the tunica media

Front 10

how many layers of SM in the tunica media do arterioles have?

Back 10

1 to 4

Front 11

where do you find internal elastic lamina? external?

Back 11

internal is between intima and media
external is between media and adventitia

Front 12

what is the main detemrinant of bp

Back 12

total peripheral resistance to blood flow

Front 13

HTN depends on constriction of the tunica _______ of _______

Back 13

HTN depends on the constriction of the media of arterioles

Front 14

what regulates vasoconstriction

Back 14

sympathetic vasoconstrictors
nerve fibers
NE
vasopressin
angiotensin II

Front 15

what regulates vasodilation

Back 15

vasodilator nerves
epi
ANF

Front 16

what is the funciton of the tunica adventitia

Back 16

support and provision of small blood vessels and nerves

Front 17

depending on the size of the vessel, the tunica meia has varying amounts of elastic membranes and type _____ collagen

Back 17

III

Front 18

why do you need elastic arteries near the heart

Back 18

so that during systole, the elastic sheets stretch to accommodate the large volume of blood leaving the ventricles

Front 19

true or false. In resting tissue, only a small fraction of the available capillaries are open at any given time

Back 19

TRUE!

Front 20

what does peripheral resistancew dpend on

Back 20

degree of contriction of the tunica media

Front 21

what can lead to thickening of the tunica intima and gradual obstuction of the essel lumen

Back 21

endothelial injury

Front 22

when ednothelium is damaged what enters the tunica intima

Back 22

monocytes and LDL cholesterol

Front 23

In addition to monocyte and LDL cholesterol, _______ ______ _____ can migrate into the intima to contribute to the atherosclerotic plaque

Back 23

smooth muscle cells

Front 24

secretion of _____ and _____ ____ promotes the growth of the plaque by stimulating proliferation of SM cells and macrophages

Back 24

cytokines and growth factors

Front 25

In the kidneys, lungs, and livers, the capillary beds are very elaborately branched... why/?

Back 25

high metabolic activties

Front 26

where do you find continuous capillaries and why?

Back 26

BBB
tight control via tight junctions and transcytosis

Front 27

where do you find fenestrated capillaries and why?

Back 27

intestinal vili, kidneys, choroid plexus, liver, endocrine glands

present where free exchange is desirable with tight junctions and fenestrae

Front 28

where do you find discontinuous capillaries and why

Back 28

sinusoids--> liver, spleen, bone marrow
where minimal control is necessary and slowed blood allows macrophages to remove debris and worn out RBCS

Front 29

lymphatic capillaries are similar to what kind of blood capillaries

Back 29

discontuous

Front 30

what is the primary funciton of the lympathic system

Back 30

to return lymphocytes and proteins to the blood

Front 31

what are five ways to cross endothelia

Back 31

diffusion
vesicular transport
fenestrae
paracellular pathway
endothelial discontinuities

Front 32

how do lipid insoluble items get across endothelia

Back 32

pinocytosis
transcytosis

Front 33

during immune reaction, mast cell secrete histamine which causes the _____ junctions of _____ and _______ to become more permeable

Back 33

tight junctions
venules
capillaries

Front 34

if it is traveling with an arteriole, call it a

Back 34

venule

Front 35

True or false. When a lot of connective tissue is present, lots of exchange occurs

Back 35

false! no exchange occurs

Front 36

The thickest layer in the wall of a vein is the

Back 36

tunica adventitia

Front 37

after blood has flowed through the capillary bed is the pressure low or high?

Back 37

low-- that's why you need valves

Front 38

T or F. Only veins have valves

Back 38

TRUE!

Front 39

What are AVAs?

Back 39

convey blood directly from arterial system to the venos system by bypassing the capillary bed

Front 40

what happens when you open a shunt

Back 40

you decrease flow to capillaries
you decrease heat loss
and conserve heat

Front 41

________ is the development of a new blood vessel from an ______ _______

Back 41

angiogenesis
existing vessel!

Front 42

new vessels always originate as ____ from small venules or other capillaries

Back 42

capillaries

Front 43

______ ________ is when blood vessels anastomose with other vessels of the same dimension allowing for multiples routes for some part of the body

Back 43

collateral circulation

Front 44

why do you care about collateral circulation

Back 44

clamping during surgery

Front 45

def. cross connection between blood vessels

Back 45

anastomosis

Front 46

what stimulates the kidenys to excrete salt and water. also relaxes vascular smooth muscle to reduce blood pressure

Back 46

ANF

Front 47

what do you call a lymphatic capillary found in the center of the intestinal villi

Back 47

lacteal

Front 48

def. a t tubules and associated SR at the Z line in cardiac muscle

Back 48

diad

Front 49

def. a protein structures that can be opened and closed to regulate the passage of substances through the perforations of a fenestrated capillary

Back 49

diaphragm

Front 50

def. a structure comprised of actin filament insertion on the PM of a cardiac myocyte at intercalated disks

Back 50

fascia adherens

Front 51

def. a structure composed of spot desmosomes and fascia adherens that hold cardicac myocytes together

Back 51

intercalated disk

Front 52

what holds cardiac myocytes together

Back 52

intercalated disk = spot desmosomes and fascia adherens

Front 53

def. small blood vessels in the tunica adventitia that supply the tunica media of large blood vessels

Back 53

vasa vasorum

Front 54

what is a major difference between vein and venule

Back 54

venules lack tunica adventitia

Front 55

is a venule larger or smaller than a capillary

Back 55

venules are larger than capillaries