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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the three types of evidence that support plate tectonics.
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1. Fit of the continents
2. Location of earthquakes, volcanoes, and midocean ridges 3. Distribution of fossils, rock types and ancient climatic zones. |
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What are the 3 primary layers of the Earth?
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1. The cold, brittle lithosphere
2. A hot, convecting mantle 3. A dense, metallic core |
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How large and how fast do lithospheric plates move and why do they move?
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Lithosphere plates move cm/year in response to the movements in the mantle.
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Earthquakes
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sudden motions along breaks in the crusts called faults
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Volcanoes and fissures
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locations where magma reaches the surface
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What 3 geological features do plate motions cause? and list a geological representation in California.
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1. Mountains – Sierra Nevada Mountain Range
2. Faults – San Andreas Fault 3. Volcanoes – Mount Shasta |
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Describe how scientists determine the epicenter of an earthquake.
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By triangulating info from three separate seismographs that determine the strength and focus of the quake.
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What 4 factors determine the severity of an earthquake?
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1. the size of the quake
2. the distance from the epicenter 3. the local geology 4. the type of construction |
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What two creatures’ habitats’ are mostly affected by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides and floods?
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1. humans
2. wildlife |
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What is rock composed of?
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Different combinations of minerals
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What four “natural” things provide many resources, including food, fuel, and building materials, that humans use?
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1. rocks
2. water 3. plants 4. soil |
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What two things do fossils provide to the scientific community?
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1. Evidence about plants and animals from long ago
2. The past history of Earth. |
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What is soil made of?
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Weathered rock and organic materials
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List 4 ways that soils differ:
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1. color
2. texture 3. capacity to retain water 4. ability to support the growth of many kinds of plants. |
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What are the 3 types of rocks, and how are they formed?
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Igneous – Rock formed when molten magma cools and solidifies.
Sedimentary- Rocks that form when fragments of rocks and other debris are cemented together. Metamorphic – Rocks that form when a rock is chemically changed by heat or pressure to form a new rock. |
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What is the rock cycle?
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The Earth’s crust is made of recycled rocks. These are formed by external factors, such as heat, pressure, and weathering. These factors are continually breaking up and rebuilding sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks ina process known as the rock cycle.
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Erosion
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the wearing away of the Earth’s surface due to the effects of weather, water, or ice.
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Landslides
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The downward sliding of a relatively dry mass of earth and rock.
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Volcanic eruptions
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A violent outburst through an opening in the earth's crust through which molten lava, ash, and gases are ejected.
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Earthquakes
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A sudden movement of the earth's crust caused by the release of stress accumulated along geologic faults or by volcanic activity.
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What are 3 reasons that rocks break into smaller pieces?
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Freezing
Thawing Growth of plant roots |
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Water erodes landforms, reshaping the land by taking it away from some places and depositing it as pebbles, sand, silt, and mud in ohtr places. What are the 3 words that describe these processes?
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Weathering, transport and deposition.
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What reshapes the topography of an area?
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The weathering of rock and soil and by the transportation and deposition of sediment.
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What is the dominant process in shaping the landscape of California?
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Water running downhill.
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Rivers and streams are dynamic systems that do what 4 things in natural and recurring patterns?
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Erode, transport sediment, change course, and flood their banks.
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Where do beaches receive their sand from and how do waves affect/change them?
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The sand is supplied by rivers and moved along the coast by the action of waves.
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How does energy enter an ecosystem and in what two ways is it transferred?
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Energy enters ecosystems as sunlight and is transferred 1) by producers into chemical energy through photosynthesis and 2) from organism to organism through food webs.
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How is matter transferred?
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It is transferred from one organism to another over time, in the food web and between organisms and the physical environment.
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How do we categorize organisms?
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Populations of organisms can be categorized by the functions they serve in an ecosystem.
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What determines the number and types of organisms an ecosystem can support?
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The resources available and on abiotic factors, such as quantities of light and water, a range of temps and soil composition.
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What determines how useful an energy source is?
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The factors involved in converting the energy into a useful form, and the consequences of the conversion process.
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Renewable Energy
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is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are naturally replenished.
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Non Renewable Energy
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those sources which can't be replaced in a reasonable amount of time.
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What is the major source of energy on the Earth’s surface and what does it power?
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The sun and it powers winds, ocean currents, and the water cycle.
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How does solar energy reach the Earth and in what form?
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Through radiation and in the form of visible light.
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How does heat from the Earth’s interior reach the surface?
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Through convection.
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How is heat distributed on Earth and through what process?
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Through convection currents in the atmosphere and oceans.
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What causes changes of weather here on Earth?
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Differences in pressure, heat, air movement and humidity?
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