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250 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Skinner
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Reinforcement
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Thorndike
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•Law of exercise - practice
•Law of effect - punishment vs reward |
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Pavlov
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Dogs
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John Watson
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Conditioned response
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Jean Piaget
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4 Stages of Cognitive Development
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Sensorimotor
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Birth to 18 mos.
Poor verbal and cognitive development |
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Preoperational Stage
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18 mos to 7 years
Develop language Egocentric thinking Difficulty developing concepts |
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Sensorimotor
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Birth to 18 mos.
Poor verbal and cognitive development |
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Preoperational Stage
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18 mos to 7 years
Develop language Egocentric thinking Difficulty developing concepts |
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Concrete Operational
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7 to 12 years
Operational thinking logical master number conservation |
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Formal Operational
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12+ years
symbollic reason abstractly |
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Bandura
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Social Learning
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Concrete Operational
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7 to 12 years
Operational thinking logical master number conservation |
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Formal Operational
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12+ years
symbollic reason abstractly |
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Bandura
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Social Learning
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Cardiac Muscles
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Striated muscles
Found in the walls of the heart |
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Smooth Muscles
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Non-striated
bladder/uterus |
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Aristocracy
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Government by a few; Elite
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Founder of Islam
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Muhammed; 7th century
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Cell Wall
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Rigid layer surrounding a plant cell
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Cell Membrane
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Outside of cell
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Legistlative Branch
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Senate
House of Representatives |
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Confucius
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Chinese Philosopher
551-479 b.c. morality, justice, sincerity |
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Republic
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State or country not led by a hereditary monarch
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Bubonic Plague
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Illness caused by fleas on rats
1340s Black Death Killed 50% |
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Joan of Arc
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French peasant girl
Visions from God Helped recover France from England |
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Unitary
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Single-tiered authority
United Kingdom |
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Crusades
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Religion driven military campaigns (mainly against Muslims)
9 sets 1095-1272 |
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Parlimentary
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Executive Branch
Subordinate to legislative branch |
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Shinto
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Japanese religion
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Monarchy
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Supreme power in an individual
Royalty |
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Russian Revolution
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1917: Bolsheviks
Paved way for USSR |
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Punic Wars
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War between Rome and Carthage
264-146 bc Due to expanding Roman republic |
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Democracy
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Government by the people
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Samurai Revolt
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1876 revolt
Due to loss of power and not allowed to wear swords |
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Peloponesian Wars
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431-404 bc
Ancient Greek military conflict Reshaped the Greek world |
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Egyptian Pyramids
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Masonry structures
Tombs for Pharoahs |
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Mesopotamia
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cradle of civilization
land between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in middle east |
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Jim Crow laws
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US Segregation laws
1876-1965 |
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Cultural Anthropology
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investigation of culture and social organization
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Pullman Strike
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1894
Pullman company cut wages trains halted west of chicago govt. intervened |
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Anthracite Strike
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1902
Coal miners strike Roosevelt intervened |
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Manifest Destiny
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Belief US should expand from Atlantic to Pacific
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Biological Anthropology
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Genetics
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Physical Anthropology
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Evolution
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Treaty of Ulrecht
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1742
Spanish Empire was partitioned |
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Reconstruction
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1863-1877
Post-civil war Readmitting the southern states to the union |
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Potential energy
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Stored energy
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Conduction
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Transfer of heat within a substance or between 2 substances (iron)
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Convection
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Transfer of heat through fluid
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Kinetic Energy
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Energy of motion
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Asteroid
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A naturally occurring solid object, smaller than a planet, orbiting a star
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radiation
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energy radiated in the form of rays of waves or particles
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metamorphic
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igneous or sedimentary rocks changed into another type through pressure, heat, etc
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proton
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positive charge
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neutron
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neutral charge
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electron
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negative charge
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cumulus
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puffy clouds
thunderstorms/hail |
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solution
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formed when an element or compound is dissolved in another substance
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radioactivity
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unstable nuclei
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Sun
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center of solar system
10000 degrees f |
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heat
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energy in motion
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stratus clouds
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low hanging clouds
rain/snow |
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big bang theory
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15-20 billion years ago
hellium and hydrogen combined to create a giagantic explosion led to stars, galaxies and planets |
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chemical reaction
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rearrangement of electrons
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matter
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anything that has mass and takes of space
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cirrus
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high, wispy clouds made of ice crystals
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compound
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formed when 2 or elements unite chemically
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membrane
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outer edge of cell
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carbon cycle
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Animals - co2 - plants
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cosmology
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study of the universe
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oxygen cycle
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plants - oxygen - animals
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water cycle
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1. evaporation
2. condensation 3. precipitation |
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RNA
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ribonucleic acid
messenger that carries the genetic code throughout the cell |
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DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic acid
coiled as chromosome |
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Homeostatis
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maintains cell equilibrium
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Mitosis
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Cell reproduction
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Meiosis
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reproduce sexually
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prophase
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1st phase of mitosis
cells divide |
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metaphase
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2nd phase of mitosis
chromosomes align |
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Anaphase
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3rd phase of mitosis
chromosomes double and move to opposite ends of cells |
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Telophase
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4th phase of mitosis
2 nuclei form |
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cytokinesis
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5th phase of mitosis
cell splits |
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isotopes
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atoms with the same number of protons but different neutrons. different form of an element
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fusion
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lighter atoms joining together into heavier atoms
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fission
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split heavy atoms into lighter elements
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prokaryotes
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bacteria
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eukaryotes
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plant and animal cells
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Greek Hellenistic Age
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death of alexander the great
great scientific and mathematical development ended in 30 bc |
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sedimentary
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rocks made of minerals and organic material (limestone, chalk)
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cytoplasm
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gel-like interior of cells.
contains organelles |
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When was CA admitted as a state? What number?
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1850; 31st
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CA Senators
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40 senators elected for 4 year terms
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CA assembly
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80 members elected for 2 year terms
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CA western border
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840 miles of coastline of Pacific ocean
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highest/lowest points in CA
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Highest: Mt Whitney
Lowest: Death Valley |
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4 regions of CA
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Mountains
Coast Desert Central Valley |
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Sierra Nevada
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CA eastern mountain region
home to the gold rush Yosemite park |
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Latitude/Longitude
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Latitude east to west
Longitute north to south |
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Orgin of CA name
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Mythology book 1510
Garcia Ordonez de Montalvo |
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CA colors
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blue/gold
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CA flower
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poppy
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CA major rivers
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Colorado
Sacramento San Joaquin |
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CA motto
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Eureka!
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CA animal
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grizzly bear
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CA bird
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quail
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John Sutter
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Owned a fort on the American River
Gold was discovered at his mill in 1848 |
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James Marshall
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discovered gold at Sutter's mill
1848 |
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Sam Brannen
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Made money off the Gold Rush
Spread the word and sold supplies |
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Gold fever
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1849: people flooded to CA to search for gold
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CA Spanish colonization
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Cabrillo : mission system
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the Californios
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native Californians
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Gold Rush
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began 1848
Most gold gone by 1850 ended 1869 |
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Donner party
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1846
settlers snowbound in Sierra Nevada resorted to cannibalism |
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Cabrillo
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Sailed from the west coast of Mexico in 1542
Reached San Diego/North to San Fran Died on Santa Rosa Island |
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Galleon
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Spanish sailing ship
3 or more masts Used by Spain 1400s-1700s |
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Plains Indians
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Lived Mississippi to Rockys/Canada to Mexico
Lived in teepees Believed in great spirit |
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Mission period
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1769 -1832
First mission: San Diego Last mission: San Fran Father Serra |
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CA Mission System
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Based on idea that Native Americans needed help to become Roman Catholics
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Basal Reading Approach
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Reading Books: Dick and Jane
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Intuit
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Artic region
igloos dogsleds |
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McGuffeys Readers
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First schoolbooks
Written for different grade levels |
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Whole language approach
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Noam Chomsky
Focuses on meaning moderates skill instruction |
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Language structure
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the way words are used in a language
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Lousiana Purchase
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1803 land purchase from France
Parts of 15 current states Jefferson |
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transactional strategy instruction
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teacher provides explicit explanations of thinking processes
give and take; jointly |
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formative evaluation
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progress so far in a curriculum sequence
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language function
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ability to communicate
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Northwest Coastal Indians
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lived from Alaska to N California
plank houses ate whales |
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California indians
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west of the Rockies
thatched round houses beading; weaving acorns for food |
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Eastern Woodland Indians
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Iroquois
Algonquian Cherokee Seminole |
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Southwest Indians
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Pueblo
Navajo Apache |
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Missouri Compromise
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1820
Prohibited slavery in the north EXCEPT for missouri |
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Nullification
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US has the right to nullify any federal law that seems unconstitutional
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Constitution
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Supreme law of the US
Adopted 1787 by the Constitutional convention |
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Bill of Rights
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First 10 amendments
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Articles of Confederation
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first governing constitution of the US 1777-1788
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Declaration of Independence
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1776
Stated colonies independence from Britian Jefferson |
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13 original colonies
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NY, NJ, MA, RI, NC, SC, GA, NH, DE, VA, MD, CT, PA
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Jamestown
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First permanent settlement in North America
Virginia 1607 |
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Bill of Rights
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First 10 amendments
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Articles of Confederation
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first governing constitution of the US 1777-1788
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Declaration of Independence
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1776
Stated colonies independence from Britian Jefferson |
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13 original colonies
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NY, NJ, MA, RI, NC, SC, GA, NH, DE, VA, MD, CT, PA
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Jamestown
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First permanent settlement in North America
Virginia 1607 |
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Newberry Award
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Children's book
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Caldecott Medal
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Picture Book
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13th Amendment
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abolished slavery
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emancipation proclamation
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freed slaves in confederate states ONLY
Lincoln 1862 |
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Boston Tea Party
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1773
American protest over tea tax |
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Townsend Acts
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1767 laws
Taxes on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea Led to violent protests |
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Sugar Act
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1764 - revenue raising tax for England
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Quartering Act
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required colonial governments to pay for supplies for the British troops and lodge the troops
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Stamp Act
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required legal papers to carry a tax stamp
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Boston Massacre
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British Troops fired on colonial protesters
Crispus Attucks John Adams defended troops |
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Cinquain
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5 line poem with no rhyming scheme
France |
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Effect of Mission system on Native Americans
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Became dependent
Pop reduced by 75% |
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Gettysberg Address
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Lincolns 1863 address
dedicating the battlefield cemetary |
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Dawes Severalty Act
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1887 Act
Regarded land distribution to native americans Native Americans lost 90 million acres |
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War of 1812
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War between US and Britian over trade with France
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Revolutionary War
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1775-1783
North America overthrew governance of Britain |
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Spanish American War
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1898
Over Cuba |
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Vikings
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Norse Explorers
8th-11 Centuries Ships |
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Chief Joseph
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Nez Pierce Indian
"I will fight no more forever" |
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Bear Flag Republic
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Sonoma, CA
1846 Settlers took control of fort over land lasted 1 month |
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John Freemont
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Army Captain
Surveyor/mapmaker Entered CA in 1845 to make map Advised settlers of land rights Bear Flag Republic |
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Mexican American War
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Armed conflict between US and Mexico
1846-1848 Fight over texas/CA |
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Civil War
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1861-1865
North vs. South 11 southern states seceded over slavery |
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CA stagecoach service
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1858: Nonstop LA to St. Louis
1860: Pony Express began 1861: telegraph begins; Pony express ends |
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Modoc War
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Native American enemy tribes forced to live together on a reservation by government
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New Imperialism
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Colonial expansion 1871-1914
Europe; Japan; US |
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Railroads
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Theodore Judah - Transcontinental Railroad
Pacific Railroad Act 1862/64 Completed 1869 |
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San Francisco Earthquake
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1906
7.9-8.0 on richter scale |
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Crimean War
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Russia vs. France
over Ottoman empire 1853-1856 |
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Napoleon
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1769-1821
French officer during revolution tyrant |
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Romanov Russia
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Last imperial dynasty in Russia
1613-1917 Overthrown by Bolsheviks |
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Aleuts
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Indian Group
established culture off Southern Alaska 7000 years ago |
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French Revolution
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1789-1799
Rich vs. poor Poor overthrew rich |
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Checks and Balances
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System between the 3 branches of US government built so that no one branch becomes too powerful. Veto rights
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Scientific Revolution
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Fundamental transformation of scientific ideas
1543-1800s |
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Branch of US government
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Judicial
Executive Legislative |
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Age of Exploration
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1500-1650
Europeans explored the world by oceans Columbus |
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Reformation
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16th century religious movement led by Martin Luther
Formed church of england |
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Branch of US government
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Judicial
Executive Legislative |
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Incas
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South American
1200-1535 ad Andes Mts conquered by Spain hierarchical society |
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Age of Exploration
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1500-1650
Europeans explored the world by oceans Columbus |
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Mayans
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Mexico
1500 bc- 300 ad mysteriously vanished astronomy, calendar, pyramids |
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Reformation
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16th century religious movement led by Martin Luther
Formed church of england |
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Incas
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South American
1200-1535 ad Andes Mts conquered by Spain hierarchical society |
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Mayans
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Mexico
1500 bc- 300 ad mysteriously vanished astronomy, calendar, pyramids |
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Judicial Branch
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Supreme and lower courts
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Chinese-British Opium war
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1839-1842
Britain vs. China over free trade esp. opium |
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Executive Branch
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president and cabinet
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ecology
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Relationships between organisms and their habitat
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Dinosaurs
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Triassic Period
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Earth's atmosphere
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oxygen 21%
nitrogen 78% |
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Diploid
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double the haploid number
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skeletal muscles
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create movement
striated |
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angina
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chest pain
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coronary thrombosis
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blood clots form
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arteriosclerosis
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plaque deposited on artery walls
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congestive heart failure
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the heart is too weak to supply sufficient blood to the body
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dynamic balance
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moving balance activities
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tendons
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connects muscle to bone
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ligaments
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holds joints together
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skinfold measurement
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determines fatness
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static balance
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balance activities while stationary
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kinesiology
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how the body's muscles move the skeleton
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weight transfer
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moving weight from one body part to the other
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balance
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the ability to maintain equilibrium
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agility
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ability to quickly change body position
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ATP
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Adenosine Triphosphate
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strength
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amount of force that a muscle can exert
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endurance
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muscles ability to contract repeatedly and efficiently
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flexibility
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range of motion at a joint
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body composition
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ratio of body fat to overall mass
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HDL
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good cholesterol
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LDL
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bad cholesterol
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manipulative skills
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movements that have some effect on other things
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non-locomotor skills
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movements done in place
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locomotor skills
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movements that convey the body from one location to another
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NASPE
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National Association for Sport and Physical Education
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Matter
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anything that has mass and takes up space
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Anaerobic respiration
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without oxygen
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aerobic respiration
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with oxygen
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oxygen supply
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from photosynthesis
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photosynthesis
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process in plants
Uses sunlight to create sugar- oxygen |
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cretaceous
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rock units with extensive chalk beds
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chloroplast
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food producers of the cells (plants)
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vacuole
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storage bubbles
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nuclear membranes
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double layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a cell
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nuclei
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center on an atom
positive charge |
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mitochondria
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an organelle containing enzymes responsible for producing energy
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velocity
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speed; distance traveled per unit of time
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plate tectonic theory
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earth is divided into a few dozen plates that move around across the earth's center
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arteries
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carry blood away from the heart
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right ventricle
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carries de-oxygenated blood to lungs
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veins
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carries blood to the heart
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igneous
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rocks formed from magma
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moon
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natural satellite of earth
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ribosomes
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structure in which proteins are made
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galaxy
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massive gravitationally bound system of stars, nebulae , dust
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star
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a celestial body of hot gasses
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chromosomes
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organized structure of DNA and proteins found in cells
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Heart
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Blood enters Left
Blood leaves right |
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Pistil
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Female
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Stamen
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male
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Mass of element
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mass= protons + neutrons
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chlorophyll
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green substance that absorbs light during photosynthesis
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mutalism
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2 organisms that are dependent on one another
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