Cse Chapter 4 Vocab

Front 1

an open source operating system used primarily for handheld devices

Back 1

android OS

Front 2

a duplicate copy of a file, disk, or tape.

Back 2

backup

Front 3

a set of utility programs that performs a variety of backup-related tasks, such as helping users select files for backup, copying, and restoring files

Back 3

backup software

Front 4

a process by which a backup is restored to a hard disk without first reinstalling the operating system and device drivers

Back 4

bare-metal restore

Front 5

a CD, DVD, or USB Flash drive that contains the files needed for the boot process

Back 5

boot disk

Front 6

the sequence of events that occurs within a computer system between the time the user starts the computer and the time it is ready to process commands

Back 6

boot process

Front 7

a program stored in ROM that loads and initializes the operating system on a computer

Back 7

bootstrap program

Front 8

an on-screen graphical control that can be clicked to initiate an action or command

Back 8

button

Front 9

a group of sectors on a storage medium that, when accessed as a group, speeds up data access

Back 9

cluster

Front 10

a style of user interface that requires users to type commands, rather than use a mouse to manipulate on screen controls

Back 10

command-line interface

Front 11

an element of the Macintosh file that comprises the part of the file that contains the text, audio, or video data

Back 11

data fork

Front 12

a software tool used to rearrange the files on a disk so that they are stored in contiguous clusters

Back 12

defragmentation utltility

Front 13

a term used to refer to the main screen of a graphical user interface that can hold objects such as folders and widgets

Back 13

desktop

Front 14

an operating system specifically designed for use on personal computers, such as windows 7 or mac os x

Back 14

desktop operating system

Front 15

an element of graphical user interfaces that appears in a window and requests information, such as command parameters, from a user

Back 15

dialog box

Front 16

a copy of all the files that changed since the last full backup of a disk

Back 16

differential backup

Front 17

in the context of computer file management, a list of files contained on a computer storage device

Back 17

directory

Front 18

the process of creating a CD or DVD by selecting all the files to be copied and then writing them in a single session

Back 18

disc mastering

Front 19

a bit-by-bit coy of the contents of a disk created for backup, archiving, or duplication of data

Back 19

disk image

Front 20

an area of a hard disk created by dividing a large hard disk into several smaller virtual ones, such as when using two operating systems on a single computer

Back 20

disk partition

Front 21

the operating system software shipped with the first IBM PCs, then used on millions of computers until the introduction of Microsoft Windows

Back 21

DOS (disk operating system)

Front 22

a computer that contains more than one operating system and can boot into either one

Back 22

dual boot

Front 23

the date that a file was created or last modified

Back 23

file date

Front 24

a set of letters and/or numbers added to the end of a file name that helps to identify the file contents or file type.

Back 24

file extension

Front 25

the method of organization used to encode and store data in a computer.

Back 25

file format

Front 26

hidden information inserted at the beginning of a file to identify its properties, such as the software that can open it

Back 26

file header

Front 27

software, such as Windows Explorer, that helps users locate, rename, move, copy, and delete files

Back 27

file management utility

Front 28

software designed to overwrite sectors of a disk with a random series of 1s and 0s to ensure deletion of data

Back 28

file shredder software

Front 29

the physical size of a file on a storage medium, usually measured in kilobytes (KB)

Back 29

file size

Front 30

a combination of the drive letter, subdirectory, file name, and extension that identifies a file

Back 30

file specification (also called a "path")

Front 31

the process of keeping two sets of files updated so they are the same

Back 31

file synchronization

Front 32

a method that is used by an operating system to keep files organized

Back 32

file system

Front 33

in the context of windows, a piece of information that describes a file

Back 33

file tag

Front 34

a set of rules, established by the operating system, that must be followed to create a valid file name

Back 34

file-naming conventions

Front 35

the subdirectories or subdivisions of a directory that contain files or other folders

Back 35

folder

Front 36

the process of dividing a disk into sectors so that it can be used to store information

Back 36

formatting

Front 37

files stored in scattered, noncontinguous clusters on a disk

Back 37

fragmented files

Front 38

a copy of all the files for a specified backup job

Back 38

full back up

Front 39

a backup that contains all of the files on the hard disk, including the operating system

Back 39

full system back up

Front 40

a type of user interface that features on-screen objects such as menus and icons, manipulated by a mouse

Back 40

graphical user interface (GUI)

Front 41

a graphical object, such as those that represent programs or folders on a computer desktop

Back 41

icon

Front 42

a backup that contains files that changed since the last backup

Back 42

incremental backup

Front 43

the core module of an operating system that typically manages memory, processes, tasks, and storage devices

Back 43

kernel

Front 44

in the context of windows 7, a superfolder that contains pointers to various folders and files

Back 44

library

Front 45

an operating system that is a derivative of UNIX, available as freeware, and widely used for servers though it is also used on personal computers and workstations

Back 45

linux

Front 46

any visual or conceptual aid that helps a computer user visualize a file storage system

Back 46

logical storage model (storage metaphor)

Front 47

an index filed used int NTFS storage systems to maintain a list of clusters and keep track of their contents

Back 47

master file table

Front 48

an undesirable state in which an operating system does not correctly allocate memory for programs causing parts of one program to overwrite parts of others and malfunction

Back 48

memory leak

Front 49

a list of commands or options often displayed as a list

Back 49

menu

Front 50

a standard component of most graphical user interfaces that is displayed as a strip of clickable options, that in turn display a list of commands

Back 50

menu bar

Front 51

the ability of a computer or operating system to support dual core processors or multiple processors

Back 51

multiprocessing

Front 52

the ability of a computer, processor, or operating system to run more than one program, job, or task at the same time

Back 52

multitasking

Front 53

a technology that allows multiple parts or threads from a program to run simultaneously

Back 53

multithreading

Front 54

an operating system that allows a single computer to deal with simultaneous processing requests from multiple users

Back 54

multiuser operating system

Front 55

a file format that is unique to a program or group of programs and has a unique file extension

Back 55

native file format

Front 56

a file used by microsoft windows NT, 2000, Vista, and Windows 7 operating systems to keep track of the name and location of files on a hard disk

Back 56

NTFS

Front 57

the software that controls the computer's use of its hardware resources, such as memory and disk storage space.

Back 57

operating system

Front 58

the process of recording data to a cd or dvd in multiple sessions

Back 58

packet writing

Front 59

a file's location specified by the drive on which it is stored and the hierarchy of folders in which it is stored

Back 59

path (file specification)

Front 60

a representation of data as it is physically stored

Back 60

physical storage model

Front 61

a CD that contains all the operating system files and application software files necessary to restore a computer to its original state

Back 61

recovery disk

Front 62

special words used as commands in some operating systems that may not be used in file names

Back 62

reserved words

Front 63

a component, either hardware or software, that is available for use by a computer's processor

Back 63

resource

Front 64

a storage characteristic of mac os that creates a file containing a description of the data stored in an accompanying raw data file

Back 64

resource fork

Front 65

data stored about the state of files and the operating system at a given point in time, then used to roll back the computer system to that state

Back 65

restore point

Front 66

an element of the user interface popularized by microsoft office 2007 that presents users with multiple tabs instead of menus at the top of the application window

Back 66

ribbon

Front 67

the main directory of a disk

Back 67

root directory

Front 68

subdivisions of the tracts on a storage medium that provide storage areas for data

Back 68

sectors

Front 69

a type of operating system, sometimes called a network operating system, that provides management tools for distributed networks, e-mail servers, and Web hosting sites

Back 69

server operating system

Front 70

a type of operating system that is designed for one user at a time using one set of input devices

Back 70

single-user operating system

Front 71

a directory found under the root directory

Back 71

subdirectory

Front 72

a user interface element that emerges after a menu is selected to offer additional options

Back 72

submenu

Front 73

a graphical user interface element usually displayed near the bottom of the screen to help users launch and monitor applications

Back 73

taskbar

Front 74

a component of graphical user interfaces that display icons representing tools, commands, and other options

Back 74

toolbar

Front 75

a series of concentric or spiral storage areas created on a storage medium during the formatting process

Back 75

tracks

Front 76

a multiuser, multitasking server operating system developed by AT&T bell laboratories in 1969

Back 76

unix

Front 77

the software and hardware that enable people to interact with computers

Back 77

user interface

Front 78

software that creates an operating environment that emulates another computer platform

Back 78

virtual machine

Front 79

an element of graphical user interfaces that is rectangular in shape and displays the controls for a program or dialog box

Back 79

window

Front 80

a file management utility included with most Windows operating systems that helps users manage their files

Back 80

windows explorer