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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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an ongoing process of social, political, and economic change brought about by digital technology, such as computers and the Internet
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digital revolution
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The part of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations on the numbers stored in its registers
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ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
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Data that is measured or represented on a continuously varying scale, such as a dimmer switch or watch with a sweep second hand.
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Analog data
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Software and/or hardware that cloaks the origin of an e-mail or Web page request
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Anonymizer tools
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Computer programs that help you perform a specific task, such as word processing.
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Application software (also called application programs, applications or programs)
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Short for applications; popularly used to refer to applications available for iPhone, iPad and other mobile devices.
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Apps
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A code that represents characters as a series of 1s and 0s. Most computers use this to represent text, making it possible to transfer data between computers
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ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
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Any type of electronic communication, such as e-mail, blogs, or Facebook wall postings, in which the sender and receiver are not required to be online at the same time.
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Asynchronous communication
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Passwords, user IDs, and biometric measures used to verify a person's identity.
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Authentication protocol
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A method for representing numbers using only two digits: 0 and 1.
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Binary number system
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The use of physical attributes, such as a fingerprint, to verify a person's identity.
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Biometrics
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The smallest unit of information handled by a computer. It is one of two values, either a 0 or a 1.
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Bit
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A method of breaking encryption code by trying all possible encryption keys
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Brute force attack
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An 8-bit unit of data that represents a single character
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Byte
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A condition in which uppercase letters are not equivalent to their lowercase counterparts
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Case sensitive
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The main processing circuitry within a computer or chip that contains the ALU, control unit, and registers.
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Central processing unit (CPU)
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Letters, symbols, or numerals that will not be used in arithmetic operations (name, Social Security number, etc).
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Character data
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A computer or software that requests information from another computer or server
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Client
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Software that translates a program within a high-level language into low-level instructions before the program is executed
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Compiler
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Refers to any task, problem, or product that is able to handle massive amounts of data and complex mathematical calculations.
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Compute-intensive
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A device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output according to a stored program.
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Computer
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A collection of computers and related devices, connected in a way that allows them to share data, hardware, and software.
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Computer network
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A detailed set of instructions that tells a computer how to solve a problem or carry out a task
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computer program
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The part of the microprocessor that directs and coordinates processing
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Control unit
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In the context of technology, the melding of digital devices into a single platform that handles a diverse array of digital content, such as cell phones, which also play digital music and display digital video.
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Convergence
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A term coined by William Gibson and now used to refer to information and other resources offered in virtual "worlds" based on computer networks and the Internet.
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Cyberspace
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Refers to the symbols that a computer uses to represent facts and ideas.
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Data
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The use of electronic signals, marks, or binary digits to represent character, numeric, visual, or audio data.
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Data representation
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A method of discovering a password by trying every word in an electronic dictionary.
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Dictionary attack
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Text, numbers, graphics, or sound represented by discrete digits, such as 1s and 0s.
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Digital data
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A gap between those who have access to digital technologies and those who do not.
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Digital divide
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To convert non-digital information to a digital format through the use of a scanner, sampler, or other input device.
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Digitization
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The process of transferring a copy of a file from a remote computer to a local computer's storage device
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Download
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A method by which digital computers, usually mainframes, represent character data.
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EBCDIC (Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Code)
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Messages that are transmitted between computers over a communications network.
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E-mail
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8-bit character representation instead of 7-bit, allowing for an additional 128 characters.
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Extended ASCII
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A named collection of data (such as a computer program, document, or graphic) that exists on a storage medium, such as a hard disk or CD.
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File
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Approximately 1 billion bits, exactly 1,024 megabits.
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Gigabit (Gb or Gbit)
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Approximately 1 billion bytes; exactly 1,024 megabytes.
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Gigabyte
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A group of social, economic, political, and technological interdependencies linking people and institutions from all areas of the world.
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Globalization
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An illegal practice in which a criminal obtains enough information to masquerade someone.
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Identity theft
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As a noun, the information that is conveyed to a computer. As a verb, to enter data into a computer.
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Input
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The steps followed by a computer to process a single instruction; fetch, interpret, execute, then increment the instruction pointer.
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Instruction cycle
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The collection of instructions that a CPU is designed to process
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Instruction set
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A thin slice of silicon crystal containing microscopic circuit elements, such as transistors wires, capacitors, and resistors.
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Integrated circuit (IC). Also called chips and microchips.
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A legal concept that refers to ownership of intangible information, such as ideas.
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Intellectual property
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The worldwide communication infrastructure that links computer networks using TCP/IP protocol.
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Internet
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A program that converts high-level instructions in a computer program into machine language instructions, one instruction at a time.
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Interpreter
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A program, sometimes part of a Trojan horse, that records a person's keystrokes, saves them, and then sends them to a system administrator or remote hacker.
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Keylogger
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1024 bits
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Kilobit (Kbit or Kb)
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1024 bytes
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Kilobyte (KB or KByte)
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Program instructions written in binary code that the computer can execute directly
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Machine code
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A low-level language written in binary code that the computer can execute directly.
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Machine language
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A large, fast, and expensive computer generally used by businesses or government agencies to provide centralized storage, processing, and management for large amounts of data.
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Mainframe computer
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1,048,576 bits
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Megabit (Mb or Mbit)
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1,048,576 bytes
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Megabyte (MB or MByte)
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The computer circuity that holds data waiting to be processed.
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Memory
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A special purpose microprocessor that is built into the device it controls
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Microcontroller
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An integrated circuit that contains the circuitry for processing data. It is a single-chip version of the central processing unit (CPU) found in all computers.
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Microprocessor
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Numbers that represent quantities and can be used in arithmetic operations
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Numeric data
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The low-level instructions that result from compiling source code
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Object code
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Web sites that provide ways for people to communicate and socialize
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Online social networks
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An assembly language command word that designates an operation such as add, compare, or jump.
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Op code (operation code)
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An approach to developing and licensing software in which source code remains public so it can be improved and freely distributed.
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Open source
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The part of an instruction that specifies the data, or the address of the data, on which the operation is to be performed.
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Operand
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The software that controls the computer's use of its hardware resources, such as memory and disk storage space.
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Operating system
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The results produced by a computer (for example, reports, graphs, and music)
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Output
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A special set of symbols used to restrict access to a user's computer or network
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Password
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Software that keeps track of sites at which a user has registered and the password that corresponds to each site
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Password manager
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A shirt-pocket sized computer originally designed to keep track of appointments
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PDA (personal digital assistant)
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A microcomputer designed for use by an individual user for applications, such as Web browsing and word processing
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Personal computer
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An e-mail based scam that's designed to fool users into revealing confidential information.
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Phishing
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Small, lightweight, battery-powered devices designated to store and play audio, video, or image files stored in such formats as MP3 and AAC.
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Portable media players
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The manipulation of data by a computer's microprocessor or central processing unit
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Processing
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A set of keywords and grammar that allows a programmer to write instructions that a computer can execute
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Programming language
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A sort of "scratch pad" area of the microprocessor into which data or instructions are moved so that they can be processed.
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Registers
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Substances, such as silicon or germanium, that can act either as a conductor or an insulator. Used in the manufacture of computer chips.
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Semiconducting materials (Semiconductors)
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A computer or software on a network that supplies the network with data and storage.
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Server
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A handheld device that integrates the functions of a mobile phone, PDA, portable music player, or other digital device.
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Smartphone
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In the context of computer hacking, a technique that uses packet sniffer software to capture packets as they are sent over a network.
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Sniffing
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The instructions that direct a computer to perform a task, interact with a user, or process data.
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Software
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Computer instructions written in high-level language
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Source code
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The area in a computer where data is retained on a permanent basis
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Storage
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A set of instructions that resides on a storage device, such as a hard drive, and can be loaded into computer memory and executed.
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Stored program
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The fastest and most expensive type of computer, capable of processing trillions of instructions per second.
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Supercomputer
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Any type of electronic communication, such as online discussions, Voice over IP, or video conferencing, in which the sender and receiver are communicating online at the same time.
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Synchronous communication
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The main circuit board in a computer that houses chips and other electronic components
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System board
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Computer programs, such as an operating system or utility software, that helps the computer carry out essential operating tasks
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System software
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A 16-bit character-representation code that can represent more than 65,000 characters.
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Unicode
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A combination of letters and numbers that serves as a user's "call sign" or identification.
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User ID (username)
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A computer specifically designed for playing games using a television screen or monitor, and game controllers.
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Videogame console
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An Internet service that links documents and information from computers located worldwide, using the HTTP protocol.
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Web
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1) A computer connected to a local area network
2) A powerful desktop computer designed for specific tasks |
workstation
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