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102 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Descriptive/Systematic Anatomy

individual parts of the body to functional systems

Applied Anatomy

any application of anatomy

Regional Anatomy

specific region

Developmental Anatomy

growth and development

Pathological Anatomy

change in structure related to disease

Comparative Anatomy

comparing species

Gross Anatomy

what you can see with your eyes

Microscopic Anatomy

small and exact


Respiratory Physiology

(breathing)


pharynx


external naris


nasal cavity

Phonatory Physiology

larnyx

Resonatory Physiology

trachea


bronchus


lungs


alveoli


bronchiole


diaphragm


transverse fissure


oblique fissure

Articulatory Physiology

(speaking)


mouth

Sagittal Plane

cuts the body from left to right

cuts the body from left to right

Transverse Plane

cuts the body into top and bottom

cuts the body into top and bottom

Coronal Plane

cuts the body into front and back

cuts the body into front and back

Anterior vs Posterior

anterior: front
posterior: back

front vs back

Superior vs Inferior

superior: higher
inferior: lower

higher vs lower

Medial vs Lateral

medial: toward the midline
lateral: away from the midline

toward the midline vs away from the midline

Proximal vs Distal

proximal: point of attachment
distal: farther from the point of attachment

point of attachment vs farther from the point of attachment

Peripheral vs Central

sides vs middle

Superficial vs Deep

superficial: toward skin
deep: toward middle

toward skin vs toward middle

Dextrad vs Sinistrad

right vs left

Prone vs Supine

prone: belly
supine: back

belly vs back

Abduction vs Adduction

abduction: opening
adduction: closing

opening vs closing

Flexion vs Extension

flexion: bending
extension: extending

bending vs extending

Inversion vs Eversion

inversion: inside
eversion: outside

inside vs outside

Cell

living tissue with a nucleus surrounded by a mixture of cellular material

Tissue

aggregation; collection of cells and cell products that form a particular kind of structural material that serves a specific function

Organ

part of an organism, self-contained, specific vital function

System

largest; group of interacting elements that together form a complex whole

Epithelial Tissue

skin cells; outermost layer of mucous membranes

Connective Tissue

where tissues connect

Muscle Tissue

voluntary, involuntary, and cardiac

Nerve Tissue

communication

Axial

bones in the center

bones in the center

Appendicular

bones in the outer portion of the body

bones in the outer portion of the body

Fibrous Joints

immobile

immobile


Cartilaginous Joints

limited movement

limited movement

Synovial Joints

highly mobile

highly mobile

Smooth Muscles

involuntary or visceral; produces a slow sustained contraction

involuntary or visceral; produces a slow sustained contraction

Skeletal Muscle

paired; under voluntary control

paired; under voluntary control

Cardiac Muscle

only occurs in heart; looks like a skeletal, acts like a smooth

only occurs in heart; looks like a skeletal, acts like a smooth

Epimysium

whole muscle covering

whole muscle covering

Muscle Belly

covered in Epimysium

Perimysium

sheet that covers each fascicle

sheet that covers each fascicle

Fascicles

entire muscle is divided into different compartments called fascicles

entire muscle is divided into different compartments called fascicles

Endomysium

connective tissue between muscle fibers

connective tissue between muscle fibers

Muscle Fibers

in each fascicle

in each fascicle

Sarcolemma

covering of muscle fiber

covering of muscle fiber

Myofibrils

each muscle fiber is divided into many myofibrils

each muscle fiber is divided into many myofibrils

Myofilaments

each myofibril contains many myofilaments

each myofibril contains many myofilaments

Vertebral column

spine

spine


protects the spinal cord

C Spine

base of cranium; top of thorax 
7 vertebrae
C1 - atlas
C2 - axis

base of cranium; top of thorax


7 vertebrae


C1 - atlas


C2 - axis

T Spine

connects to ribs; back of thorax
12 vertebrae

connects to ribs; back of thorax


12 vertebrae

L Spine

between thorax and top of pelvis (lower back)
5 vertebrae

between thorax and top of pelvis (lower back)


5 vertebrae

Sacral

fuse to form sacrum
5 vertebrae

fuse to form sacrum


5 vertebrae

Coccyx

coccygeal vertebrae
(3-5)

coccygeal vertebrae


(3-5)

Pelvic Girdle

Illium
Ischium
Pubis
Sacrum
Acetabulum

transfers weight, provides attachment, and protects the abdominopelvic


Illium


Ischium


Pubis


Sacrum


Acetabulum

Pectoral Girdle

Clavicle
Scapula

connects the upper limb to the spinal column through muscles in the shoulder and upper back


Clavicle


Scapula

Rib Cage

R1-R7 connect to sternum; attaches to T1-T7
R8-R10 are false ribs; attaches to T8-T10
R11-R12 are floating ribs; attaches to T11-T12

protects the vital organs and blood vessels, and expands and contracts


R1-R7 connect to sternum; attaches to T1-T7


R8-R10 are false ribs; attaches to T8-T10


R11-R12 are floating ribs; attaches to T11-T12

Sternum

manubrium
sternal angle
body/corpus
xiphoid process

helps protect the lungs and heart and connect the ribs together


manubrium


sternal angle


body/corpus


xiphoid process


Nasal Tissue


nose; mouth

Pharynx

throat

permits the passage of swallowed solids and liquids into the esophagus, or gullet, and conducts air to and from the trachea, or windpipe, during respiration.


throat

Larynx

houses the vocal folds

Trachea

windpipe
connects the larynx to the bronchi and allows air to pass through the neck into the thorax

windpipe


connects the larynx to the bronchi and allows air to pass through the neck into the thorax

Primary Bronchi


Secondary Bronchi


Tertiary Bronchi


Lungs

two lobes


moves oxygen into the bloodstream and carries it through the body

Diaphragm

separates the thoracic cavity containing the heart and lungs from the abdominal cavity and performs an important part in respiration

separates the thoracic cavity containing the heart and lungs from the abdominal cavity and performs an important part in respiration


External Intercostals


Scalene Muscles


Sternocleidomastoid

elevates sternum and rib cage

elevates sternum and rib cage

Subclavius

elevates R1, on clavicle

elevates R1, on clavicle

Pectoralis Major

elevates sternum and increases transverse

elevates sternum and increases transverse

Pectoralis Minor

rotates shoulder or elevates rib

rotates shoulder or elevates rib

Costal Levators

raises ribs C7-T11

raises ribs C7-T11

Serratus Anterior

elevates ribs or draw scapula forward; can stabilize scapula

elevates ribs or draw scapula forward; can stabilize scapula

Serratus Posterior Superior

elevates ribs

elevates ribs

Trapezius

rotates scapula, raises shoulder, helps turn head, assists in tilting head back; shrugging shoulders

rotates scapula, raises shoulder, helps turn head, assists in tilting head back; shrugging shoulders

Internal Intercostals

inhalation & exhalation

inhalation & exhalation

Transverse thoracic muscle

Subcostals

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Lattissimus Dorsi

provides postural stability

provides postural stability

Transverse Abdominis

deepest; horizontal course

deepest; horizontal course

Internal Oblique

perpendicular to externals

perpendicular to externals

External Oblique

most superficial; same as external intercostals

most superficial; same as external intercostals

Rectus Abdominis

midline

midline

Quadratus Lumborum

L1-L4; pulls lowest rib downward

L1-L4; pulls lowest rib downward

Ventilation

movement of air in and our of airways


Pulmonary Gas Exchange

external respiration


receive oxygen, offloads CO2

Gas Transport

newly re-ocygenated blood travels through the system

Peripheral Gas Exchange

internal respiration


gas exchange between blood and tissue

Tidal Volume (TV)

regular breathing through the day at rest

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

max air breathed in on one breathe

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

max air breathed out on one breathe

Residual Volume (RV)

air left in the lungs

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

TV + IRV


regular breathing plus the max you inhale

Vital Capacity (VC)

TV + IRV +ERV


everything but the air that stays in your lungs

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

ERV + RV


air sitting in the lungs plus max exhale

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

TV + IRV + ERV + RV


max lung capacity