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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ergogenic Aid
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Any: substance, mechanical aid, or training method that improves sports performance
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Dietary Supplements (Verbal Definition)
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A Highly refined product that would not be confused with food.
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Dietary Supplements (Ingredients Definition)
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1. Product (not tobacco) to supplement diet that contains one or more of the following:
- Vitamin(s) - Mineral(s) - Herb or other Botanical - Amino Acid(s) - A dietary substance for humans to supp the diet increasing the total dietary intake - A: concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combo of any ingredient above 2. The product must be intended for ingestion and cannot be advertised as food. |
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NCAA Banned List
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Stimulants
Anabolic Agents Substances banned from specific sports Street Drugs Peptide Hormones and Analogs Anti-Estrogens |
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Catecholamines
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i.e. adrenaline (epinephrine)
- Agent that have metabolic and nervous system effects, are often used to enhance: ~ Weight-loss ~ Greater arousal for performance |
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Anabolic Steroids (Definition)
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Synthetic (man-made) derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone
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Anabolic Steroids (Side Effects)
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Stimulates:
- Protein Synthesis - Athletic Performance - Increased: Muscle Size, Body Mass, and Strength Responsible for: - Development and maturation of male secondary sex characteristics: ~ Increased: Body Hair, Masculine Voice, Male Pattern Baldness, Libido, Sperm Production, Aggresssiveness |
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"Stacking" Regimen
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When athletes administer several drugs simultaneously.
- Typically used with Anabolic Steriods |
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Muscle Dysmorphia
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An altered self-image when an athlete they look small and weak even though they are actually large and muscular
- AKA "Reverse Anorexia Nervosa" |
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Prohormones
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Testosterone Pre-Cursors
- Premised thought that they will increase testosterone concentrations |
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Prohormones (Side Affects)
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Adverse Side Effects Similar to that associated with anabolic steroids
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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
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Hormone from pregnant women's placenta
Similar to Luteinizing Hormone Can: - Increase testicular testosterone production Used: - Post-Cycle therapy from steroids to up regulate endogenous testosterone production - Also stabilize Test-to-Epitest ratio |
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Anabolic Hormone (Insulin)
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Secreted by Pancreas
- In response to elected glucose/amino acids - Facilitates: uptake of glucose and amino acids into the cell - Increase: Protein synthesis Cannot be detected in urine SIDE EFFECT: Major hypoglycemia (even fatal) |
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Human Growth Hormone (HGH)
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Secreted from Pituitary Gland
Ergogenic Effects: - Stimulation of bone and skeletal muscle growth Metabolic functions: - Maintaining blood glucose levels - Increase: glucose and amino acids uptake in muscle cell - Stimulates the release of fatty acids from fat cells |
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Human Growth Hormone (HGH) (Side Effects)
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Gigantism
Acromegaly |
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Gigantism
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Adverse Side Effect of HGH
A condition when a person becomes abnormally tall |
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Acromegaly
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Adverse Side Effect of HGH
Disfiguring disease characterized by: - Widening of the bones - Arthritis - Organ Enlargement - Metabolic abnormalities |
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Erythropoietin (EPO)
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A protein hormone that can be produced by recombinant DNA.
Produced in the Kidneys Stimulates the production of new red blood cells Abused by endurance athletes to increase aerobic capacity by large amounts of oxygen carrying red blood cells |
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Erythropoietin (EPO) (Adverse Side Effects)
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Increase RBC concentration
- Increase Blood Viscosity - - Increases risk of blood clotting - - Elevations of Systolic BP - - Compromised Thermoregulatory System |
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b-Agonists
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Substances chemically related to epinephrine (regulates lipolysis, and thermogenesis)
Used Medically for Asthma and other LTMC Performance: - Increase in lean mass - Decreased fat storage |
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Lipolysis
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The breakdown of Fat
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Thermogenesis
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Increased energy expenditure for heat production
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Partitioning Agents
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Agents that have specific effects on body composition
(b-Agonists) |
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Lipogenesis
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Fat synthesis and storage
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b-Blocker
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Drugs that block b-adrenergic receptors
- Prevents catecholamines (nor/epinephrine) from binding - Medically for CVD - Ergogenically: ~ Reduce performance anxiety ~ Reduce performance tremors ~ Steadies controlled movements during performance ~ M/B increase physiological adaptations to endurance training by up regulating of b-receptors May also DECREASE performance by impairing CV response to exercise, reducing O2 uptake |
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Ergolytic
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Reduced sports performance
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Essential Amino Acids (EAA)
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Amino acids not produced in the body and must be obtained through diet.
EAA's: - Isoleucine - Leucine - Valine - Lysine - Methionine - Phenylalanine - Threonine - Tryptophan |
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Essential Amino Acids (EAA) (Side Effects)
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When consumed before/after workouts, increase the effects (strength and muscles mass) of resistance training
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Nadir Effect
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Theory that acute anabolic stimulus from EAA intake during resistance ex. or in general during the day would be matched by a negative muscle protein balance equal in the magnitude during the night.
- Making EAA infective - Proven to be false |
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Muscle Buffering Capacity (MBC)
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The ability to regulate H+ concentrations in skeletal muscle during high-intensity exercise
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Physical Working Capacity at Fatigue Threshold (PWCft)
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The highest exercise intensity a person can maintain without signs of fatigue
Highly correlated with Anaerobic Threshold Measurements (lactate and ventilatory) |
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Creatine ( Chemical Definition)
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Nitrogenous organic compound
- Synthesized in body (liver, etc.) - Also obtained in diet - Stored in muscle (phosphor) |
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Creatine (Ex Phys Definition)
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In Creatine-Phosphate form:
- Big Role in energy metabolism - Forms ATP by re-phosphorylating ADP - ESPECIALLY DURING SHORT-TERM, HIGH INTENSITY EXERCISE Allows for continuous perform high-intensity exercise (CP as an energy source) Ergogenic Effects: - Increases Strength - Reduce training Fatigue - Enhance Post-Workout Recovery - Increase in body mass |
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Caffeine (Chemical Definition)
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Most widely used stimulant drug in the world.
- CNS stimulant (similar/weaker to amphetamines) |
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Caffeine (Ergogenic Effects-Aerobic)
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Prolong Aerobic Endurance
- Increase fat oxidation - Mobilizes Free Fatty Acids from adipose tissues - Glycogen Sparing |
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Caffeine (Ergogenic Effects - Anaerobic)
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- Enhanced Power Production
- - Due to enhanced Excitation-Contraction Coupling - - Enhanced Neuromuscular Transmission - - Enhanced Intracellular Calcium Ion Mobilization from the SR - Enhanced kinetics of Glycolytic Regulatory Enzymes (i.e. phosphorylase) |
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Logarithmic Relationship
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Increase in steroids = Increase in muscle and other enhancements
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