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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bioenergetics |
Flow of energy in a Biological system |
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Energy |
Ability/Capacity to perform work |
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Catabolism |
The breakdown of Large molecules into Smaller molecules |
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Anabolism |
The Synthesis of Larger molecules from Smaller molecules from E+ |
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Exergonic Reaction |
Energy Releasing Reactions |
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Endergonic Reaction |
Require Energy |
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Metabolism |
The total of all the Catabolic (Exergonic) and Anabolic (Endergonic) Reactions in a biological system |
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Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) |
ATP allows the transfer of Energy from Exergon to Endergon Reactions |
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Hydrolysis |
The breakdown of one Molecule of ATP to yield energy |
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Adenosine Triphosphatase (ATPase) |
The enzyme that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis |
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Myosin ATPase |
Specifically, the enzyme that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis for Cross-Bridge Recycling |
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Calcium ATPase |
Enzyme for ATP Hydro |
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Sodium-Potassium ATPase |
Enzyme for ATP Hydro |
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Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) |
Byproduct of Hydro of ATP |
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Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) |
Byproduct of Hydro of ADP |
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Anaerobic |
Processes that do not require the presence of O2 |
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Aerobic |
Mechanisms that depend on O2 |
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3 Systems of ATP Replenishment |
Phosphagen |
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Phosphagen System |
Provides ATP primarily for: |
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Creatine Phosphate (CP) / Phosphocreatine (PCr) |
High energy phosphate molecules used for E+ reproduction in the Phosphagen system |
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Creatine Kinase |
The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from CP and ADP |
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Adenylate Kinase (aka Myokinase) Reaction |
An important Single-Enzyme reaction that can rapidly replenish ATP |
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Type II Muscles and CP |
Type II muscles have higher concentrations of CP |
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Law of Mass Action (aka Mass Action Effect) |
Phosphagen system control |
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Near-Equilibrium Reactions |
Slow Steady, equal Reaction |
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Glycolysis |
The breakdown of CHO |
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Pyruvate |
The end result of Glycolysis |
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Anaerobic Glycolysis (Fast Glycolysis) |
When Pyruvate is converted to lactate |
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Aerobic Glycolysis (Slow Glycolysis) |
When Pyruvate is shuttled into the Mitochondria for Krebs Cycle |
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Lactate |
Pyruvate is converted into lactate to be mobilized throughout the body |
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Creatine Kinase |
The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from CP and ADP |
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Adenylate Kinase (aka Myokinase) Reaction |
An important Single-Enzyme reaction that can rapidly replenish ATP |
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Type II Muscles and CP |
Type II muscles have higher concentrations of CP |
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Law of Mass Action (aka Mass Action Effect) |
Phosphagen system control |
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Near-Equilibrium Reactions |
Slow Steady, equal Reaction |
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Glycolysis |
The breakdown of CHO |
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Pyruvate |
The end result of Glycolysis |
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Anaerobic Glycolysis (Fast Glycolysis) |
When Pyruvate is converted to lactate |
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Aerobic Glycolysis (Slow Glycolysis) |
When Pyruvate is shuttled into the Mitochondria for Krebs Cycle |
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Lactate |
Pyruvate is converted into lactate to be mobilized throughout the body |
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Metabolic Acidosis |
The process of an Exercise-Induced Decrease in pH |
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Wet Muscle |
Muscle that has not been Desiccated |
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Cori Cycle |
Process of transporting Lactate in the blood to the liver |
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Mitochondria |
Specialized cellular organelles where the reactions of aerobic metabolism occur |
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Reduced |
Refers to the addition of Hydrogen |
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Phosphorylation |
The process of adding an inorganic Phosphate (Pi) to another Molecule |
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Oxidative Phosphorylation |
The resynthesis of ATP in the Electron Transport Chain |
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Substrate-Level Phosphorylation |
The direct resynthesis of ATP from ADP during a single reaction in the Metabolic Pathways |
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Allosteric Inhibition |
When an end Product Binds to the Regulation Enzyme |
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Allosteric Activation |
When an "Activator" binds with the enzyme and |
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Rate-Limiting Step |
The slowest step of a chemical reaction |
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Lactate Threshold (LT) |
Intensity at which Blood Lactate |
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Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA) |
When the concentration of Blood Lactate reaches: |
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Oxidative System |
The primary source of ATP at: |
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Krebs Cycle |
A series of reactions that |
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Electron Transport Chain (ETC) |
The process of creating ATP from: |
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Cytochromes |
Electron carriers in the Electron Transport Chain |
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Beta Oxidation |
A series of reactions in which Free Fatty Acids are |
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Total ATP Yield from Oxidation of ONE Glucose Molecule |
40 |
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Gluconeogenesis |
The process of converting Amino Acids into Glucose |
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Branched Chain Amino Acids |
-Leucine |
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Total E+ Yield from Oxidation of ONE Triglyceride |
463 |
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Exercise Intensity |
The Level of Muscular Activity that can be quantified in terms of Power Output |
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Power |
Work performed per: |
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Relationship of Energy Systems |
Inverse Relationship between: |
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E+ System for 0-6 seconds |
Phosphagen |
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E+ System for 6-30 seconds |
Phosphagen/Fast Glycolysis |
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E+ System for 30 secs - 2 mins |
Fast Glycolysis |
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E+ System for 2-3 minutes |
Fast Glycolysis/Oxidative System |
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E+ System for >3 minutes |
Oxidative System |
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Energy Substrates |
Molecules that provide starting materials for: |
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Time for Post-Ex Phosphagen Replenishment |
3-5 mins |
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Glycogenolysis |
Breakdown of Glycogen |
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Oxygen Uptake (O2 Consumption) |
The measure of a person's ability to: |
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Oxygen Deficit |
The Anaerobic Contribution to the: |
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Oxygen Debt |
Post-Exercise Oxygen Uptake |
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Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) |
The Oxygen Uptake: |
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Metabolic Specificity of Training |
The use of Appropriate: |
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Interval Training |
A method of training that emphasis: |
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Combination Training (Cross-Training) |
Adding Endurance Training to Anaerobic Athletes training to: |
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Exercise-to-Rest Intervals |
Phosphagen: |