Csc 101

Front 1

Babbage

Back 1

(1800s) First true pioneer of modern digital computing machines
Worked on two prototype calculating machines
-Difference Engine
-Analytical Engine

Front 2

Difference Engine

Back 2

A special-purpose machine (designed to calculate and print navigational tables)
Used the “method of differences” to solve polynomials

Front 3

Analytical Engine

Back 3

A general-purpose machine(programmable)
Based on the idea of the Jacquard loom
Fabric pattern stored on punch cards
Had the basic parts of every modern computer
Input and Output
“Mill” (processor)
“Store” (memory)

Front 4

Zuse

Back 4

(1936-43) designed number of general-purposecomputing machines
Used electromechanical relay switches
(Not electronic yet)
No longer based on levers and gears

Front 5

Aiken and Hopper

Back 5

(1944) Harvard Mark I
Used by the Navy for ballistic and gunnery table calculations
Electromechanical relays

Front 6

Atanasoff

Back 6

(1939)ABC machine
First electronic digital computing machine (vacuum tubes instead of relays–smaller & faster)
A special-purpose machine (for solving simultaneous equations)
First to use binary numbers

Front 7

Mechanical Devices

Back 7

The very first computing devices used mechanical levers and dials

Front 8

Electronic Relays

Back 8

After electricity, (1835)Electrical Relays
A great improvement over mechanical levers and gears
Slow, heavy, prone to fouling

Front 9

Electronic Vacuums

Back 9

(1940s)Electronic Vacuum tubes began to be used
Faster
Very hot and prone to failure

Front 10

Electronic Transistor

Back 10

(1950s) Electronic Transistor
“Solid state”
Smaller, faster, more reliable, cheaper than vacuum tubes

Front 11

Intergrated Circuits

Back 11

(1960s)Integrated Circuits
Large numbers of transistors on a single chip of silicon

Front 12

VLSI (very large scale integration)

Back 12

(Today) VLSI (very large scale integration) circuits
Over 1,000,000,000 transistors on a single, tiny chip

Front 13

Mauchly and Eckert

Back 13

(1946)UPENN
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) First electronic, general-purpose, digital computer
Manually programmed

Front 14

ENIAC

Back 14

Commissioned by the US Army during WWII for computing ballistic firing tables
Manually programmed by boards, switches, and “digit trays”

Front 15

von Neumann

Back 15

(1945) Developed the Stored Program concept
No more manual programming
Published his ideas in 1945

Front 16

EDVAC

Back 16

(1949)von Neumann, Mauchley and Eckert design EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Computer) at U. Penn

Front 17

Turing

Back 17

(1943)Colossus
Used to crack the Nazis’ Enigma code

Front 18

UNIVAC 1

Back 18

(1951)UNIVAC 1 Mauchley & Eckert
First commercial, general-purpose computer system
Vacuum tubes
Liquid mercury memory tanks

Front 19

IMB System/360

Back 19

(1964)IBM System/360
Solid-state circuits(transistors and integrated circuits)
Family of compatible models
Defined the idea of“mainframe” for decades

Front 20

DEC PDP series

Back 20

(1970’s)DEC PDP Series
“Minicomputers”
Mainframe performance at a fraction of the cost

Front 21

Cray 1

Back 21

(1976)Cray 1
“Supercomputers”
High-performance systems for “number crunching”
Advanced designs