Cs 349 Final Exam

Front 1

What is a model?

Back 1

Model: a mathematical representation of an image containing the important properties of an object (location, size, orientation,
color, texture, etc.) in data structures

Front 2

What is rendering?

Back 2

Rendering: Using the properties of the model to create an image to display on the screen

Front 3

What is the difference between usefulness and usability?

Back 3

Usefulness : Meeting specific needs
& supporting real tasks; the quality of being of
practical use.

Usability : The effectiveness,
efficiency, and satisfaction with which users can achieve tasks in a particular environment with a
product.

Front 4

What does UCD say?

Back 4

User Centred Design
* To make things usable and useful, you need to understand the
people who use your software

Front 5

What are three things that are done in UCD methodology which Apple started to test Macs?

Back 5

User studies: Bring in users, provide mockups, assess
- Implementation: Iterate based in feedback
- Usability studies: More users, more video, more analysis

Front 6

What are the five UCD principles?

Back 6

UCD Principles
1. Understand users’ needs: build a product that meets real
needs rather than building it because it can be built.
2. Design the UI first: design the UI first, and then design the
architecture to support that UI
3. Iterate: You won’t create the best UI design on the first try, A
great design requires iteration
4. Use it yourself: you’ll find obvious problems that can be
fixed while it’s still easy to fix
5. Observe others using it: it’s critical to observe other people
using your UI in a realistic way very early in the development
cycle

Front 7

Name 5 stages of understanding user's needs :

Back 7

* Observer existing solutions

* List scenarios

* List required functions

* Prioritize functions

* List functions by freq/commonality

Front 8

Name 4 stages of designing a UI

Back 8

* Identify and design comps

* Design component distributions

* Test the design with users

* Document the design

Front 9

Three questions arise about the UI with the following concepts, what are they?

Model

Affordances

Presentation

Back 9

Model: what data does it need?
Affordances: what can you do with it?
Presentation: how does it appear in the UI?

Front 10

What are three things that you can do in the process of testing the design with users?

Back 10

Process:
- User studies: Bring in users, provide
mockups, assess
- Implementation: Iterate based in feedback
- Usability studies: More users, more video,
more analysis

Front 11

Mental Model

Back 11

 What the user believes about the system (how it works, what
state it’s in

Front 12

What are three models of system?

Back 12

 Developer’s Model
- How the programmer believes system should be used
 System image
- The system itself
 User’s Model
- How the user of a system believes system should be used

Front 13

What is Developer's model?

Back 13

How the programmer believes system should be used

Front 14

In Norman's model, what are evaluation and execution referring to?

Back 14

Execution: What we want to do to the system

Evaluation: Comparing what happened with our goal

Front 15

What are three stages of execution in Norman's model?

Back 15

1. Form an intention to act to
achieve a goal
2. Plan an sequence of actions
to fulfill that intention
3. Execute planned actions with
physical movements

Front 16

What are the three stages of evaluation in Norman's model?

Back 16

1. Physically perceive the
current state of the system
2. Interpret that perception
according to experience
3. Evaluate the interpreted
state compared to our goal

Front 17

What is the Gulf of Execution?

Back 17

Difficulty in translating user’s intentions
into actions allowed by system. Can the user carry out their intentions directly?

Front 18

What is the Gulf of Evaluation?

Back 18

Gulf of evaluation: Difficulty in interpreting the state of the system to determine whether our goal has been met.

Front 19

Five principles that reduce gulf of execution and evaluation

Back 19

- Perceived Affordance
- Mapping
- Constraints
- Visibility/Feedback
- Metaphor

Front 20

What is Perceived Affordance?

Back 20

What people think you can do with an object, based on
perceived properties.

Front 21

What are temporal aspects of UI?

Back 21

Temporal aspects of UI:
- When things appear, the flow
from one interface to another
- “Interaction Sequence
Diagrams”

Front 22

What are Spatial aspects of UI?

Back 22

- Where things appear on an
individual interface section
- “Interface Schematics”

Front 23

What are Interaction Sequences?

Back 23

macro-structure, convey the "big
picture“ of system interaction.

Front 24

What are Interface Schematics?

Back 24

micro-structure, convey essential
content, and functionality at individual steps of interaction.

Front 25

What is a prototype?

Back 25

A limited representation of a design that allows people to
interact with it and to explore its suitability

Front 26

What is the goal of prototype?

Back 26

Goal: Maximum Feedback for Minimum Effort

Front 27

What is high fidelity prototype?

Back 27

Looks a lot like the product

Front 28

What is depth/breadth in terms of a product prototype?

Back 28

Functionality (Depth): amount of interactivity and functionality
- Features (Breadth): amount of features, options, and commands

Front 29

Feature-Driven vs. Context-Driven Reading, which one is top-down/bottom-up?

Back 29

feature driven = bottom-up

context driven = top-down

Front 30

Feature-Driven vs. Context-Driven Reading, which one is more likely to become automatic with practice?

Back 30

feature-driven

Front 31

Name two things that disrupt reading

Back 31

* repetition

* centered text

Front 32

what's the thing they use to write with for movable type?

Back 32

For movable type, it is a “stick” – the
letter, number, or symbol

Front 33

What a typeface?

Back 33

– Set of letters, numbers, symbols that make up a type design
– “Abstract shapes”

Front 34

What's a font?

Back 34

– One weight, width, and style of a typeface

Front 35

What are font metrics?

Back 35

– Information describing attributes such as spacing of letters

Front 36

What is kerning?

Back 36

Kerning is distance between pairs of letters

Front 37

What is tracking?

Back 37

Tracking is average spacing between all letters

Front 38

what is ligature?

Back 38

 Ligatures replace two adjacent letters with single printed unit to make it more visually appealing

Front 39

x-height

Back 39

– Height of letter “x”

Front 40

em-space

Back 40

– Width of uppercase M

Front 41

em-dash

Back 41

– Longer than hyphen (- vs. –)

Front 42

Drop cap

Back 42

– Capital letter at start of section that descends several lines

Front 43

What is Serif?

Back 43

Serif
– Small, decorative stroke at end of main strokes

Front 44

What is Sans Serif?

Back 44

Sans Serif
– Lacks the small decorations

Front 45

serif fonts have better readability at ______

Back 45

high resolutions (e.g. print)

Front 46

Name 5 features of screen fonts

Back 46

Wide letter spacing
– Tall x-heights
– Uniform stroke thicknesses
– Commonly confused letters (i j l I J L 1) easily distinguishable
– Often sans serif
– Greater width, spacing help out at low resolution when not a lot
of pixels to spare

Front 47

Meta-languages describe_______

Back 47

formal language

Front 48

What are 5 problems with FSM?

Back 48

* doesn't scale

* inadequate expressive power

* Cannot cleanly represent some notions (time events)

Front 49

In PPS queries are prefixed with _____

Back 49

?

Front 50

In PPS actions are prefixed with _____

Back 50

!

Front 51

Force vs. Displacement Sensing are also called

Back 51

(also called “isotonic” vs. “isometric” sensing)

Front 52

What is the order of padding, margin, and border?

Back 52

Margin, border, padding, content

Front 53

What are disadvantages of running tasks on UI thread?

Back 53

Disadvantages:
- Tricky to predict length of time for subtasks
- Not all tasks can easily break down into subtasks
(e.g., Blocking I/O)