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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the character selection in cereals? |
1. Brittle rachis 2.Hulless seed 3. Dwarfism |
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What is the advantage of dwarfism in cereals? |
Fertiliser use caused excessive growth - reduced lodging Higher grain/straw ration -> higher grain yields |
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What constrains potential of elite crop cultivators? |
Domestication |
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What are cereals? |
Maize (Zea mays) Rice (Oryza sativa) Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Barley (Hordeum vulgarae) Sorghum (Sorghum bicalor) Potato (Solanum tuberosum) |
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What is maize? |
A C4 plant - grows rapidly up to 19t/Ha yield Germination restriced to temperatures >12C Ancestor idTeosintr |
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What are the unusual properties of rice? |
Food tolerant (exploited for weed control) Whole grain rice ferments in storage Use to make sake/rice wine |
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What is the problem with wheat? |
Not hardy, prone to disease, cold + desiccation/flooding |
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What is meant by saying wheat is alloHEXAPLOID? |
HAs 3 genomes from 3 different species in each nucleus of each cell |
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What pathogen decimated potato crop? |
Phytophthora infestons |
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Why cant major plants grow on marginal lands? |
Not enough allelic diversity |
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How can crop improvement be achieved? |
Natural breeding Novel (Bio)Technologies |
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What is natural breeding? |
Breeding ancestral lines high yielding elite lines Develop wild tolerant plants as edible crops |
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What are novel (bio)technologies? |
Interspecific hybrids Gm technology |
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How can plant water supply be improved? |
Some plants produce root hairs when drought stressed |
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How can water loss be reduced? |
Reduce the number of stomata Stomata closure Sunken/hairy stomata |
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What allows conifers to have a high salt tolerance? |
Over expressing an arabidopsis Na+ efflux transporter |
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What reduces global food production? |
Abiotic stresses |
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How can CO2 intake be increased? |
By bioengineering crop C3 cycle |
