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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Creation of federal agency a natural development of policing? |
No, the evolution of federal agencies were fragmented:Lacking general mandate to uphold law and maintain order.Little effect on the daily lives of most citizens.Little public interest in or opposition to federal police development |
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The very first created federal agencies |
U.S. Marshal - The Judiciary Act of 1789 & Customs collectors - The Tariff Act |
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Did the creation of federal agencies meet public resistance? |
No |
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Did the creation of federal agencies follow a well-organized planning process? |
No, most agencies developed as reactions to specific problems, not part of a general plan. |
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Did the creation of federal agencies have a major impact on our daily lives? |
Little community influence. Community is so large there are less informal interaction with them. Independence from community expectations enable agencies to be more impartial. |
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The creation of federal agencies greatly expanded after... |
The Civil War.Postal inspectors, secret service, and FBI were created. |
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Who was the first director of the FBI before Hoover? |
William Burns, president of Burns Security |
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Was the Secret Service was initially created to protect US presidents? What else do they do? |
They originally handled counterfeiting. They use undercover agents, cooperating with local police . |
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What were the scandals for FBI leaders (Hoover and other directors?) |
Hoover overstepped during the Red Scare, raiding and imprisoning thousands. Fear of communism, labor unions, anarchists, spies, etc. |
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What are the favored specialties that FBI is looking to get on board now? |
To be a FBI agent: law or accounting degrees. Also, engineers, scientists, languages degrees/experience are of interest. |
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Know the major incidents in 1990-2001 mentioned in the text that damaged FBI's reputation |
py for Russia: Robert Hanson, high ranking FBI agent. Lee Wan Ho: Illegally imprisoned, daughter became a lawyer and civil right advocate. Waco, Texas: Led to massive suicides of branch davidians. Ruby Ridge: Sniper accidentally shot and killed woman with baby. Oklahoma bombing: Withheld 3000 documents from the courts. |
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How did Hoover promote FBI to national and international acclaim? |
Hoover established the FBI Academy in 1935, which required a college degree for all agents and rigorous training.Opened national academy for local, state, and international police officers. Very smart move, made friends all over the world. |
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What were the pioneering states which started the state police? |
Pennsylvania State Constabulary: 1st state police, for rural crime, labor problems in coal mining regions. Texas rangers: Evolved into state police. purpose was for militia, "frontier justice". Against slaves and immigrants. Became a state agency in 1935. Massachusetts State Constables was created in 1928 to control Boston immigrants. |
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Which state does not have state police? |
Hawaii
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What are the advantages of state agencies over local agencies? |
Jurisdiction is larger, but scope smaller Larger pool of personnel Richer tax base Narrower task -> lower organizational goal conflict. Little emphasis on order maintenance. Lack of "original" jurisdiction in many areas limits agency effectiveness. |
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What were the major issues/problems with which the state police was originally created to deal with? |
They were created to address needs not met by local police and b/n cities: Highway patrols, state police, investigative agencies, liquor control agents, state revenue investigators, state fire marshals. |
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What the major reasons why most research arefocused in large police agencies? |
1. Funding opportunity, likelyto be funded.
2. Data available, computerized,analysis units. 3. More issues involved: race,gender, discrimination ,diverse rank-and-file and population. 4. Most people impacted andinterested. 5. Research findings aregeneralizable to other big cities. Problems: Few knowledge about smallerdepts. in rural areas |
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Are the police practicessimilar or quite different among large, small and urban police agencies? |
Size of agency is correlated topolice practice. Small agencies are: a. More personal (discretion) b. fewer in crimes, c. less concerned about danger of job d. better relations among officer & with n the community. |
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Who identified three styles of police operations? |
J.Q.Wilson 3 styles of policing Legalistic Service Watchman |
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Legallistic |
Policing defined as law enforcement. letter of the law fair for all Dominatesunder a strong city mayor/manager Ownersdominate - no complaint of corruption, fair |
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Service |
Policing defined as serving community n needs. As gatekeepers to direct citizens to available services. Upper class society Crimes related to citizens privacy Persistswhen local community is homogeneous and w/o much conflict Clients dominate--provide service, and fewerarrests or tickets, citations. |
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Watchman |
Policing defined as order maintenance. In heavily populated communities Discretion to keep the peace Thenorm when city official is weak Members dominate--officers are given greatdiscretion, feel trusted |
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Do most local police agencies cooperate with oneanother or they mind their own business? |
Tend to cooperate— Not as portrayed by TV & media. |
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Mutual Aid Pact |
mutual aid and informal cooperation. e.g., Ostrom et. al., (1978): n A. Overlapping jurisdiction but not duplication of service. B. Share of equipments & crime lab. C. Local policing is a multi-firm industry, better viewed as regional phenomenon. |
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Members of Police Organization |
Officer& staff: Materials—salary, benefits, workload |
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Clients of Police Organization |
Citizens,offenders, defense attorney. Issues—due process, business (police presence or n absence), |
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Owners of Police Organization |
City gov’t: appointment, budget, funding Need—low crime, clear cases, $(citation), respond to calls n Avoidance—citizen complaints, brutality, discrimination. |
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DUI (1987) study: How the size and structure affect officers toarrest or not? |
Size of Community Small: more discretion, personal, Large: Bureaucratic, lesspersonal, routine Interesting study on DUI Large—not arrest Small—more arrest a. The boss is watching, observed. b. Show professionalism. |
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Six Flags |
Spain France Mexico Confederacy Texas US |
