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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Q. name the components that make up the plasma
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electrolytes, clotting factors, immunologic factors, proteins, lipids, hormones
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Q. The CBC includes
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WBC count and differential, RBC, Hgb, Hct, red cell indices, and platelet count.
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Q.White Blood Cells, Normal values
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4500 - 11,500/mm3
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Q. Which cell counts are especially useful in evaluating acute respiratory infections
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Leukocyte
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Q. what is the WBC Differential?
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Counts the number of each type of white cell present in a known volume of blood.
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Q. Normal values for neutrophils
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40-75%
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Q. Normal values for Eosinophils
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0-6%
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Q. Normal values for Basophils
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0-1%
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Q. Normal values for Lymphocytes
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20-45%
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Q. Normal values for Monocytes
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2-10%
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Q. Neutrophils have a life span of about
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10 days
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Q. These cells are present in the sputum of asthmatics in many cases
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Eosinophils
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Q. These cells fight against viral, fungal, and tuberculosis infections
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Lymphocytes
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Q. these cells increase with chronic infection and malignancies
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Monocytes
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Q. Normal values for Red Blood Cells
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men (4.6 - 6.2 x 106/mm3)
women (4.2 -5.4 x 106/mm3) |
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Q. Normal values for Hematocrit
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men (40 -54%);
women (38 - 47%) |
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Q. Normal values for Hemoglobin
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men (13.5 - 16.5 g/dL);
women (12.0 - 15.0 g/dL) |
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Q. Normal values for Platelet count
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150,000 - 400,000/mm3
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Q. Invasive procedures are usually safe when the platelet count is above...
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50,000 mm3
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Q. Leukocytosis
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total white cell count is elevated
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Q. Leukopenia
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total white cell count is reduced
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Q. Neutrophilia is commonly seen with
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bacterial pneumonia and other infections
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Q.Eosinophilia is commonly seen with
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allergic states, parasitic infestations, extrinsic asthma
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Q. Lymphocytosis is commonly seen with
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viral infections and infections mononucleosis
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Q. Lymphocytopenia is commonly seen with
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trauma, acute infection and HIV
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Q. Monocytosis is commonly seen with
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chronic infections, including TB, syphilis, typhoid fever, bacterial endocarditis.
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Q. left shift
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neutrophils are released early. Which increases the immature neutrophils known as bands.
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Q. Relative polycythemia
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occurs because of a decrease in the plasma volume
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Q. Normal values for Sodium
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137 - 147 mEq/L
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Q. the major cation of extracellular fluid
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Sodium
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Q. Normal values for Potassium
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3.5 - 4.8 mEq/L
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Q. the major cation of intracellular fluid
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Potassium
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Q. Normal values for Chloride
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98 - 105 mEq/L
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Q. the major anion of extracellular fluid
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Chloride
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Q.Normal values for Calcium
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8.5 –10.3 mg/dl; ionized 3.7 – 4.4 mg/dl
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Q.Normal values for Bicarbonate
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arterial 22 - 26 mEq/L
venous 24 - 33 mEq/L |
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Q. the second most plentiful anion in the serum
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Bicarbonate
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Q. equation for Anion gap
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Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3-)
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Q.Normal values for Anion gap
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8 - 16 mEq/L
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Q. Normal values for Sweat electrolyte concentration
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18 mEq/L
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Q.Blood urea nitrogen(BUN)
and creatinine used to assess the funtion of this organ |
kidneys
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Q. Creatinine levels are elevated with ____ and muscle diseases.
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kidney
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Q.the good Cholesterol
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HDL
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Q. the bad Cholesterol
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LDH
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Q. Troponin
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biomarker of necrosis; elevated in acute MI, pulmonary embolus
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Q. BNP - Brain natriuretic peptide
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neurohormone secreted from ventricles in response to ventricular hypervolemia, can be used in the diagnosis of CHF.
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Q.Numerous eosinophils in the sputum indicate that the patient is probably experiencing...
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an allergic response.
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Q.Most common bacterial pneumonia
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Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcal Pneumonia)
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Q. protein levels in transudate
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low (<3 g/dL)
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Q. protein levels in exudate
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High (>3 g/dL)
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Q. Conditions associated with exudate are...
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infections, trauma, infarct, rheumatoid disease, and tumors
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Q. Conditions associated with transudate are...
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heart failure and cirrhosis
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Q.the normal daily water intake is _____ which is also the normal daily water output.
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2400 to 2500 ml,
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Q. Beta agonists (Albuterol) drive this electrolyte into the cell thereby decreasing the serum levels.
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potassium
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Q.Bicarbonate is inversely related to this electrolyte
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chloride
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Q. Anemias can result from deficiencies in iron, ___ , or ____.
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folic acid, or vitamin B12
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Q. Name two pathologic conditions that are associated with Hypernatremia
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Cushing's disease and hyperaldosteronism
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Q.Name a pathologic condition that is associated with Hyponatremia
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Addison's disease
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Q.Hyperkalemia is seen in...
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various kidney diseases, metabolic acidosis, and extensive tissue damage
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Q. Hypochloremia is observed in...
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metabolic alkalosis, vomiting, chronic respiratory acidosis, and addison's crisis
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Q. High levels of Triglycerides are associated with ...
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coronary artery disease.
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Q.Total cholesterol value should be
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< 200
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Q. Exudates result from effusion of fluid and cells across ____ lining cells.
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damaged
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Q. Transudates result from effusion of fluid across _____ lining cells
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undamaged
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Q. specific gravity
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indicates the concentration of the urine
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