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65 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Q. name the components that make up the plasma
electrolytes, clotting factors, immunologic factors, proteins, lipids, hormones
Q. The CBC includes
WBC count and differential, RBC, Hgb, Hct, red cell indices, and platelet count.
Q.White Blood Cells, Normal values
4500 - 11,500/mm3
Q. Which cell counts are especially useful in evaluating acute respiratory infections
Leukocyte
Q. what is the WBC Differential?
Counts the number of each type of white cell present in a known volume of blood.
Q. Normal values for neutrophils
40-75%
Q. Normal values for Eosinophils
0-6%
Q. Normal values for Basophils
0-1%
Q. Normal values for Lymphocytes
20-45%
Q. Normal values for Monocytes
2-10%
Q. Neutrophils have a life span of about
10 days
Q. These cells are present in the sputum of asthmatics in many cases
Eosinophils
Q. These cells fight against viral, fungal, and tuberculosis infections
Lymphocytes
Q. these cells increase with chronic infection and malignancies
Monocytes
Q. Normal values for Red Blood Cells
men (4.6 - 6.2 x 106/mm3)
women (4.2 -5.4 x 106/mm3)
Q. Normal values for Hematocrit
men (40 -54%);
women (38 - 47%)
Q. Normal values for Hemoglobin
men (13.5 - 16.5 g/dL);
women (12.0 - 15.0 g/dL)
Q. Normal values for Platelet count
150,000 - 400,000/mm3
Q. Invasive procedures are usually safe when the platelet count is above...
50,000 mm3
Q. Leukocytosis
total white cell count is elevated
Q. Leukopenia
total white cell count is reduced
Q. Neutrophilia is commonly seen with
bacterial pneumonia and other infections
Q.Eosinophilia is commonly seen with
allergic states, parasitic infestations, extrinsic asthma
Q. Lymphocytosis is commonly seen with
viral infections and infections mononucleosis
Q. Lymphocytopenia is commonly seen with
trauma, acute infection and HIV
Q. Monocytosis is commonly seen with
chronic infections, including TB, syphilis, typhoid fever, bacterial endocarditis.
Q. left shift
neutrophils are released early. Which increases the immature neutrophils known as bands.
Q. Relative polycythemia
occurs because of a decrease in the plasma volume
Q. Normal values for Sodium
137 - 147 mEq/L
Q. the major cation of extracellular fluid
Sodium
Q. Normal values for Potassium
3.5 - 4.8 mEq/L
Q. the major cation of intracellular fluid
Potassium
Q. Normal values for Chloride
98 - 105 mEq/L
Q. the major anion of extracellular fluid
Chloride
Q.Normal values for Calcium
8.5 –10.3 mg/dl; ionized 3.7 – 4.4 mg/dl
Q.Normal values for Bicarbonate
arterial 22 - 26 mEq/L
venous 24 - 33 mEq/L
Q. the second most plentiful anion in the serum
Bicarbonate
Q. equation for Anion gap
Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3-)
Q.Normal values for Anion gap
8 - 16 mEq/L
Q. Normal values for Sweat electrolyte concentration
18 mEq/L
Q.Blood urea nitrogen(BUN)
and creatinine used to assess the funtion of this organ
kidneys
Q. Creatinine levels are elevated with ____ and muscle diseases.
kidney
Q.the good Cholesterol
HDL
Q. the bad Cholesterol
LDH
Q. Troponin
biomarker of necrosis; elevated in acute MI, pulmonary embolus
Q. BNP - Brain natriuretic peptide
neurohormone secreted from ventricles in response to ventricular hypervolemia, can be used in the diagnosis of CHF.
Q.Numerous eosinophils in the sputum indicate that the patient is probably experiencing...
an allergic response.
Q.Most common bacterial pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcal Pneumonia)
Q. protein levels in transudate
low (<3 g/dL)
Q. protein levels in exudate
High (>3 g/dL)
Q. Conditions associated with exudate are...
infections, trauma, infarct, rheumatoid disease, and tumors
Q. Conditions associated with transudate are...
heart failure and cirrhosis
Q.the normal daily water intake is _____ which is also the normal daily water output.
2400 to 2500 ml,
Q. Beta agonists (Albuterol) drive this electrolyte into the cell thereby decreasing the serum levels.
potassium
Q.Bicarbonate is inversely related to this electrolyte
chloride
Q. Anemias can result from deficiencies in iron, ___ , or ____.
folic acid, or vitamin B12
Q. Name two pathologic conditions that are associated with Hypernatremia
Cushing's disease and hyperaldosteronism
Q.Name a pathologic condition that is associated with Hyponatremia
Addison's disease
Q.Hyperkalemia is seen in...
various kidney diseases, metabolic acidosis, and extensive tissue damage
Q. Hypochloremia is observed in...
metabolic alkalosis, vomiting, chronic respiratory acidosis, and addison's crisis
Q. High levels of Triglycerides are associated with ...
coronary artery disease.
Q.Total cholesterol value should be
< 200
Q. Exudates result from effusion of fluid and cells across ____ lining cells.
damaged
Q. Transudates result from effusion of fluid across _____ lining cells
undamaged
Q. specific gravity
indicates the concentration of the urine