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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
A dog presents with a history of coughing and rapid breathing. Radiographs confirm congestive heart failure (see image). You are asked to administer 2 mg/kg of furosemide IV. The concentration of furosemide is 50 mg/mL. The dog weighs 25 pounds. How many milliliters should you administer to this patient? |
0.44 mL |
2.0 mL 0.44 mL [ Correct answer ] 1.2 mL 0.12 mL |
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You are working in the critical care unit and learning to perform central venous pressure readings. What is a normal CVP reading? |
0-10 cm H2O |
15-20 cm H2O Less than 0 cm H2O 0-10 cm H2O 90-120 cm H2O 10-15 cm H2O |
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Which heart rhythm is a flatline, or a state of no cardiac electrical activity? |
Asystole |
Arrhythmia Asystole Atrioventricular block Ventricular fibrillation |
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A foal has petechial hemorrhages on its pinna, injected sclera, and brick red mucous membranes. These are signs of which of the following? |
Sepsis |
Milk allergy Sepsis Cryptosporidiosis Failure of passive transfer |
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A Dachshund presents for back problems and the dog is ambulatory but very unsteady in both hindlimbs. The doctor suspects an intervertebral disk protrusion that is affecting the spinal cord. Regarding the gait, this dog has: |
Paresis |
Vestibular syndrome Paresis Paralysis Hypermetria Plegia |
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What is the minimum volume of water required by mammals to sustain life? |
2 - 4 mls/kg/hr |
30 - 35 mls/kg/hr 2 - 4 mls/kg/hr 20 - 25 mls/kg/hr 10 - 12 mls/kg/hr |
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Upon examining this 7 year old female spayed Dachshund, you notice her mucous membrane color is abnormal. What term would your write in the medical record to describe your findings? |
Icterus |
Hemoptysis Icterus Cyanosis Hyperemic |
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Septic shock may cause the gums to appear: |
Dark red |
Dark red Pale pink Cyanotic Icteric Orange |
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In neonatal calves and foals, what is the most common reason that these animals succumb to disease and death? |
Failure of passive transfer. |
Failure of passive transfer. Gastrointestinal parasitism. Iron deficiency. Infection acquired by the mother from the placenta. |
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Electrical activity that serves as the pacemaker in the heart originates from what specific area? |
Sinoatrial node in the right atrium. |
Bundle of His in the left ventricle. Atrioventricular node in the left atrium. Atrioventricular node in the right atrium. Sinoatrial node in the right atrium. Bundle of His in the right ventricle. Sinoatrial node in the left atrium. |
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A 2-year old cat presents 15 minutes after being attacked by a dog. The cat is in cardiac arrest. The owner wants CPR to be undertaken, and the veterinarian is not currently on the premises. What course of action should be taken? |
The cat should be immediately intubated and CPR should commence. |
The owner should be told the cat is beyond saving. The cat should receive no medical care without the supervision of a veterinarian. The cat may be intubated but chest compressions should not occur. The cat should be transferred to the closest emergency facility. The cat should be immediately intubated and CPR should commence. |
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A dog with which condition should not have blood drawn from the jugular vein? |
Thrombocytopenia |
Renal failure Hyperadrenocorticism Congestive heart failure Hypertension Thrombocytopenia |
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Pre-renal azotemia is most commonly caused by which of the following? |
Dehydration |
Chronic renal failure Pyelonephritis Urethral obstruction Dehydration Acute renal failure |
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A shock organ is the organ or tissue that exhibits the most marked response to an allergic reaction. What is the shock organ in the cat? |
Lungs |
Liver Lungs Heart Gastrointestinal tract |
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Release of what molecule from the sarcoplasmic reticulum ultimately helps to achieve muscle contraction? |
Calcium |
Sodium Chloride Calcium Adenosine triphosphate |
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A pet Guinea Pig is presented to your hospital for emergency treatment after sustaining a crushing injury. Which of the following is not considered part of the initial emergency assessment of the patient? |
Wound stabilization |
Ruptured organs. Control of hemorrhage. Fluid or air accumulations. Wound stabilization. Heat support. Assessment of airway, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. |
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Generally, how much time do you have before cardiac arrest causes irreversible brain damage? |
Three minutes |
Three minutes Seven minutes Thirteen minutes Ten minutes |
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Increased input from the vagus nerve can result in which of the following responses? |
Bradycardia |
Bradycardia Tachycardia Seizures Vomiting |
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A dog presents with Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus (GDV), and you have tried multiple times to pass an orogastric tube to no avail. If this is not working what else can be done? |
Trocharize the stomach on the right side |
Trocharize the stomach on the right side. Flip the patient over. Trocharize the stomach ventrally. Prep the dog for surgery and not decompress the stomach. |
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A 2-year old bulldog presents with respiratory distress, specifically on inhalation, and stertor. What, of the following, would be the most common cause of respiratory distress in this patient? |
Brachycephalic syndrome |
Laryngeal paralysis. Brachycephalic syndrome. Tracheal mass. Asthma Tracheal foreign body. |
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A dog tries to swallow his ball and it gets stuck in the back of his throat. He is breathing very slowly and is not ventilating properly. He is alert but the obstructive breathing is a concern. Which of the following abnormalities would you expect? |
Respiratory acidosis |
Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Pulmonary hypertension Hypothermia |
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An increase in the total protein, PCV, and BUN with a urine specific gravity of 1.061 may be due to: |
Dehydration |
Dehydration Renal failure Increased protein intake Iron toxicity |
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A Yorkshire Terrier who has given birth 2 weeks ago presents with a history of tremoring. She is febrile and not eating well. On her electrolyte panel which of the following would you expect to see? |
Hypocalcemia
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Hypokalemia HypocalcemiaHyponatremia Hypomagnesemia |
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An animal presents with difficulty breathing. You take the animal to the treatment area. The doctor is on the way. What do you do first? |
Administer supplemental oxygen |
Administer supplemental oxygen. Don't do anything until the doctor arrives, just restrain the animal. Place an IV catheter and start IV fluids. Start taking chest radiographs . |
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A dog is hit by a car and presents in a Schiff-Sherrington posture. Which is true regarding this condition? |
It causes paralysis of the hindlimbs |
It causes paralysis of the hindlimbs. It is caused by a brain lesion, usually from trauma. It causes forelimb paralysis. It causes hindlimb hypertonicity. The lesion is located at C1-C5. |
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An owner rushes her dog to your hospital because she noticed his eye looked red. This condition is sometimes referred to as which of the following (see image)? |
Cherry eye |
Raisin eye Exophthalmus Meibomian gland prolapse Cherry eye |
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A dog with a hematocrit of 23% has which of the following? |
Anemia |
Low platelets Anemia An elevated PCV Hypercoagulation Dehydration |
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An owner rushes in with her Labrador retriever who is having non-productive retching, is lethargic, and has a distended abdomen. She wants to know if he has "bloat". Which condition is she concerned about? |
Gastric dilation volvulus |
Splenic mass Mesenteric volvulus Gastric dilation volvulus Ascites |
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A butterfly catheter is most commonly used to: |
Administer an IV injection |
Administer an IV injection Give intraosseous fluids Give tube feedings Collect a urine sample |
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A 2-year old male neutered Great Dane presents on emergency with a distended abdomen and a history of unproductive retching. A catheter must be placed to provide immediate fluid therapy. What is the best site for catheterization? |
Dorsal pedal artery Cephalic vein |
Femoral artery Jugular vein Lateral saphenous vein Dorsal pedal artery Cephalic vein |
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A dog presents with excitability, muscle tremors, and hyperthermia. A blood panel shows hypocalcemia, and the patient is prescribed an intravenous dose of calcium gluconate. What monitoring must be performed during calcium gluconate administration? |
Electrocardiogram |
Electrocardiogram Blood pressure End-Tidal CO2 Central Venous Pressure Respiration |
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A client calls to schedule an appointment and tells you his male cat is straining to urinate in his litter box but no urine is seen in the box. He wants to know if it would be okay to give him some leftover Clavamox from when he had a skin infection last month. What should you tell him? |
Bring the cat in immediately for an exam |
Give 1/2 teaspoon of cod liver oil because although it appears he is straining to urinate, he is likely constipated. Have him pick up some non-absorbable litter from the clinic so that he may collect a urine sample at home when the cat finally urinates. Tell him to give the leftover Clavamox he has in his cabinet and come in first thing tomorrow morning so the doctor can collect a urine sample. Bring the cat in immediately for an exam. Orally syringe water to keep him hydrated and schedule an appointment for tomorrow. morning since there are no open appointments today. |
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A 6-year old male domestic short hair presents dyspneic with fluid dripping from both nares. The veterinarian suspects heart failure due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. What type of injection would most likely immediately be given? |
A diuretic |
An antibiotic A corticosteroid A sedative A diuretic Intravenous fluids |
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An 8-month old Siamese kitten presents for ataxia, and the veterinarian suspects the kitten has "water on the brain" due to her enlarged head size. What is the term for this? |
Hydrocephalus |
Craniostosis Hydrocephalus Paracervical edema Brachycephalus |
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When performing CPR in the neonatal calf which are the two most critical procedures to begin? |
Cardiac compressions and establishing an airway |
Cardiac compressions and establishing an airway. Establishing venous access and administration of drugs. Establishing venous access and cardiac compressions. Establishing an airway and venous access. Cardiac compressions and administration of drugs. |
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You are working at an emergency practice and a woman brings in her ferret "Macy" who is obtunded. The ferret is very weak and appears neurologic. The veterinarian suspects an insulinoma, which is the third most common tumor in the ferret. If this is the case, what laboratory finding would you expect? |
Hypoglycemia |
Hypoglycemia Ketones in the urine Hyperglycemia Hypokalemia |
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Which of the following is characteristic of an animal in shock? |
Increased heart rate |
Increased heart rate Decreased heart rate Increased blood pressure Normal temperature |
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You are instructed to administer 12 liters of sterile isotonic IV fluids via a fluid pump over the next 24 hours. What is the appropriate fluid rate to administer this volume of IV fluids? |
500 mL/hour |
500 mL/hour 1 liter/hour 12 liters/hour 250 mL/hour |
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A 5-year old feline presents after being hit by a car. The veterinarian wants you to administer mannitol intravenously. For what reason was mannitol chosen as a therapy? |
It reduces intracranial pressure |
It is a pain medication It reduces intracranial pressure It increases respiratory rate It helps to prevent GI ischemia It increases blood flow to the heart and lungs via peripheral vasoconstriction |
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Which of the following may be a cause of post-renal azotemia? |
Urethral obstruction |
Severe dehydration Infection in the kidney Primary loss of nephrons Urethral obstruction |
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Performing an abdominocentesis involves which of the following? |
Withdrawing fluid from the abdomen |
Obtaining a urine sample from the abdomen Making an incision into the abdomen Removing an organ from the abdomen Withdrawing fluid from the abdomen |
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A 10-year old Golden Retriever presents with a distended abdomen, and when you touch his belly you notice a fluid wave. What is the medical term for free fluid in the abdomen? |
Ascites |
Pericardial effusion Pleural effusion Hemoabdomen Ascites |
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A cat presents with a history of having difficulty walking and is dragging one of his back legs. The limb is cool to the touch. The veterinarian diagnoses a saddle thrombus. Which of the following underlying diseases is most likely present in this cat? |
Heart disease |
Liver disease Thrombocytopenia Pancreatic disease Heart disease Renal disease |
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Icterus is a term that means which of the following? |
Yellow discoloration of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes |
Small hemorrhages on the mucus membranes. Blood in the stool. Straining to urinate. Yellow discoloration of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. |
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Which is true of "red bag" during birth in the mare? |
It is a protrusion of the chorioallantois and is an emergency |
It is the appearance of a normal placenta as the mare is giving birth. It is a protrusion of the chorioallantois and is an emergency. It indicates a tear of the uterus, and a c-section needs to be performed immediately. It indicates a breech position of the foal, and assistance for delivery is needed. |
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A 10-year old Chow Chow needs a whole blood transfusion due to anemia from chronic renal failure. The patient has received multiple blood transfusions over the last 2 years. What blood tests is needed prior to initiating the transfusion? |
Crossmatch |
Tick-titer Blood type Total protein Crossmatch Coagulation profile |
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The dog pictured enters the clinic having an allergic reaction to an unknown allergen. The correct term for the skin condition shown in the photograph is: |
Urticaria |
Urticaria Dermatophytosis Erythema Pemphigus |
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A 3-year old male neutered Labrador Retriever presents for lethargy and inappetence of a few days in duration. The dog is approximately 7% dehydrated with pale and dry mucous membranes, a capillary refill time > 2 sec, heart rate > 170 bpm and weak femoral pulses. The veterinarian diagnoses the dog with hypovolemic shock and orders isotonic crystalloid fluid therapy. What is the isotonic crystalloid total "shock dose" in dogs? |
90 ml/kg |
40-60 ml/kg 10-20 ml/kg 180 ml/kg 90 ml/kg 5 ml/kg |
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During an emergency you are assisting with CPCR. What is the best way listed to administer the drugs (atropine, epinephrine, and lidocaine)? You are unable to place an IV catheter despite multiple attempts. |
Intratracheally |
Subcutaneously Intratracheally Intraperitoneal Via stomach tube |
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You are assisting with thoracocentesis and the fluid removed from the chest has a very foul odor. Which of the following types of pleural effusions is most likely? |
Pyothorax |
Chylothorax Pneumothorax Pyothorax Hemothorax |
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A very tiny kitten presents with severe dehydration and is hardly responsive to handling. You are unable to place a peripheral IV catheter. Which of the following routes could be used as a fast or most efficient way of administering fluids and medications to such a small animal? |
Intraosseus |
Orogastric tube Intraperitoneal Subcutaneous Intraosseus |
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A dog presents to the emergency hospital in status epilepticus. Which of the following drugs may be given for this condition? |
Propofol |
Diphenhydramine Propofol Ketamine Atropine |
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What is the shock dose of fluids for a cat? |
45 mL/kg |
90 mL/kg 50 mL total per cat 45 mL/kg 150 mL total per cat |
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An adult canine patient is in cardiac arrest and it is your job to administer thoracic compressions. How fast should you give compressions? |
80-120 beats per minute |
40-60 beats per minute 180-200 beats per minute 80-120 beats per minute As fast as you can |
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The acronym DIC stands for which of the following? |
Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
Disseminated inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Dissipated infectious coagulopathy. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Dilated immune-mediated cardiomyopathy. |
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During which cardiac status would a defibrillator most likely be used and effective? |
Ventricular fibrillation |
Ventricular fibrillation Asystole Ventricular tachycardia with a pulse Normal sinus arrhythmia |
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A 10-year old domestic short hair presents with a history of vomiting and inappetance and is severely dehydrated. His CBC shows a hematocrit of 22%. What can be said about this cat? |
His true hematocrit is likely lower than 22% |
The cat is losing blood. His true hematocrit is likely lower than 22%. His true hematocrit is likely highter than 22%. The cat is likely in renal failure. |
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A dog with bradycardia and a low albumin on a high rate of IV fluids is at risk for developing which of the following? |
Pulmonary edema |
Pulmonary edema Syncope Seizures Thromboembolism |
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A patient is having a seizure in middle of the treatment room. The doctor quickly asks for some diazepam at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. The patient's body weight is approximately 24.2 lbs. How many milliliters do you need to draw up? |
1.1 ml |
8 ml 2.4 ml 0.5 ml 1.1 ml |
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Circling is usually a result of which type of disease? |
Brain |
Renal Brain Cardiac Spinal cord |
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What is the average toxic dose of theobromine in dogs? |
60-100 mg/kg |
60-100 mg/kg 10-15 mg/kg 0.5-2 mg/kg 150-200 mg/kg |
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Which of the following signs likely means that parturition is imminent? |
Drop in body temperature |
Pruritus of the abdomen Vocalization Poor appetite Drop in body temperature |
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Cardiac Output (CO) is determined by what variables? |
Stroke volume x Heart rate |
Heart rate X Systemic vascular resistance. Stroke volume x Heart rate. Systolic pressure X Stroke volume. Systemic vascular resistance X Systolic pressure. |
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In a pregnant mare, "red bag" delivery implies what situation? |
Premature placental separation |
Rupture of the amniotic sac Premature placental separation Delivery of a premature foal Rupture of the chorioallantois |
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A low packed cell volume could occur due to which of the following? |
Iron deficiency |
Iron deficiency Low phosphorus Iron toxicity Hyperkalemia |
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A ferret presents to your hospital in lateral recumbency. A blood glucose test confirms hypoglycemia, and dehydration is making venous access very difficult. The veterinarian directs you to administer subcutaneous fluids. Which of the following fluids can not be given via this method? |
5% dextrose in 0.9% Sodium Chloride |
Lactated Ringer's Solution. 5% dextrose in 0.9% Sodium Chloride. 0.9% Sodium Chloride. Plasma-Lyte. |
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Anemia would likely result from a heavy infection with which parasite? |
Ancylostoma |
Dipylidium Toxocara Ancylostoma Isospora |
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A veterinarian has diagnosed a horse with a fracture of the distal metatarsal. In regards to emergency management, which of the following is NOT part of triage? |
Repair of the fracture |
Assessment and treatment of pain. Developing a treatment plan. Repair of the fracture. Stabilization of the fracture. |
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A dog has snail bait poisoning (metaldehyde) and presents with seizures. His temperature is 109F, and you begin cooling techniques while the veterinarian treats the seizures. At what temperature should you stop trying to cool him? |
103F |
100F 102F He should not be cooled 103F 107F |
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A 60 lb Bulldog is to receive intravenous fluids at a maintenance rate. Assuming the maintenance rate can be calculated as 60 ml/kg/day, what would the fluid rate be per hour? Round answer to the closest milliliter/hour. |
68 |
150 163 30 68 108 |
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You are working in the ICU; a dog on a high rate of fluids has a very sudden drop in urine production in his urine collection bag. What do you do first? |
Flush the urinary catheter with sterile saline |
Flush the urinary catheter with sterile saline. Perform a urine sediment examination. Run a BUN and creatinine to check kidney function. Immediately notify the veterinarian on call immediately. |
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A dog has ruptured a chordae tendinae. What condition can this lead to? |
Congestive heart failure |
Paralyzed diaphragm muscle. Incontinence. Chronic osteoarthritis and lameness. Congestive heart failure. |
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"Pablo", a 66 pound Labrador mix, is in oliguric renal failure. The veterinarian has asked you to start a constant rate infusion of dopamine at 5 micrograms per kilogram per minute (ug/kg/min) and a fluid rate of 120 mL per hour. Dopamine comes in a concentration of 40 mg/mL. How much dopamine will you add to a liter of 0.9% sodium chloride solution? |
1.86 mL |
5.6 mL 19.5 mL 0.78 mL 1.86 mL |
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A cat presents in respiratory distress and displays very rapid and shallow breathing. Which of the following is an accurate description of this breathing pattern? |
Tachypneic |
Agonal Tachycardic Obstructive Tachypneic |
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A 4 year old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presents to your clinic with a history of straining to urinate. The owner is unsure how long it has been since the cat urinated. What is the first thing you should check while waiting for the doctor? |
Heart rate |
Blood pressure Temperature Pupillary Light Response PCV (Packed cell volume) Heart rate |
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A dog presents in critical condition and the veterinarian detects an abnormal heart rhythm. She asks you to get an ECG (electrocardiogram) on this patient. Which position should he be placed in for this reading? |
Right lateral recumbency |
Right lateral recumbency Dorsal recumbency Sternal recumbency Left lateral recumbency |
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A 55-pound Pit Bull mix "Rocky" was hit by a car and is hospitalized in the emergency ward. The ECG is showing continuous runs of ventricular tachycardia. The veterinarian asks you to start a constant rate infusion of lidocaine to be given at 80 micrograms per kilogram per minute (ug/kg/min). The dog is currently on a fluid rate of 80 mL per hour. Lidocaine is a 2% solution. How much lidocaine will you add to a liter of LRS? |
75 ml |
19 ml 5 ml 26 ml 75 ml |
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A 6-year old collie presents after falling out of a moving vehicle. The dog has an open tibial fracture and pulmonary contusions. What would be the best way to immediately stabilize the fracture? |
Robert-Jones bandage |
Robert-Jones bandage External stabilization Splint Internal stabilization Tourniquet |
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A kitten presents to the emergency service for burns in the mouth after biting into an electrical cord. Aside from the oral burns, what organ system would you most be concerned about? |
Lungs |
Lungs Brain Heart Kidneys |
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Four patients present to your emergency clinic at the same time: |
b, a, c, d |
a, d, b, c c, d, a, b a, c, b, d a, b, c, d b, a, c, d |
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What is an expected finding in a patient with Hypervitaminosis D, or Vitamin D toxicity? |
Hypercalcemia |
Hypocalcemia Hypokalemia Hypoglycemia Hyperkalemia Hypercalcemia |
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A hypotonic solution will do what to a red blood cell? |
Cause the red blood cell to burst |
Cause the red blood cell to shrink. Will have an unpredictable effect on red blood cell size. Will have no effect on red blood cell size. Cause the red blood cell to burst. |
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You have a small canine patient in cardiac arrest that needs emergency drugs. The animal does not have venous access, and placing a venous catheter would be too difficult and take too long. What is the best way to get the drugs to this animal quickly? |
Intraosseous catheter |
Intramuscular injection Subcutaneous injection Intracardiac injection Intraosseous catheter |
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A 50-kg Golden Retriever has presented with extremely pale mucous membranes and is diagnosed with a hemoabdomen. A blood transfusion has been requested, and the doctor would like a 10ml/kg/hr transfusion rate for 4 hours. How many milliliters of blood will you need? |
2000 ml |
40 ml 1000 ml 2000 ml 20 ml |
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Emesis should not be induced in dogs that have ingested which toxin? |
Gasoline |
Chocolate Gasoline Bromethalin Brodifacoum |
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A multi-lumen jugular catheter must be placed in a canine with renal disease for CVP monitoring. To what anatomical landmark should the catheter be inserted to? |
Third thoracic vertebrae |
Aorta Caudal vena cava Thoracic inlet Third thoracic vertebrae The heart |
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Which food consumed by humans can be highly toxic to dogs and cats? |
Grapes |
Tomatoes Carrots Grapes Bananas Spinach |
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Which of the following terms describe a dilated pupil? |
Mydriatic |
Miotic Fixed Sympathetic Mydriatic |
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A 7-year old female spayed domestic short hair previously diagnosed with diabetes mellitus presents to your clinic dull and unresponsive. In addition to obtaining a blood glucose, what other laboratory test would be important for determining the cat's diabetic status? |
Urine ketones |
Blood lactate BUN Total protein Hematocrit Urine ketones |
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An animal with pleural effusion may require which procedure for stabilization? |
Thoracocentesis |
Radiographs Abdominocentesis Thoracocentesis Orogastric tube |
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A patient under general anesthesia has become hypoxic. You suspect that the endotracheal tube might be in too far. How can you be sure? |
Take an endotracheal tube with a similar outside diameter, line up the measurement numbers on the proximal end of the tube, and then lay it against the outside of the patient approximately following the route of the trachea |
Take an endotracheal tube with a similar outside diameter, line up the measurement numbers on the proximal end of the tube, and then lay it against the outside of the patient approximately following the route of the trachea. Move the endotracheal tube cranially an inch and check to see if the hypoxemia resolves. Take an endotracheal tube with a similar outside diameter, line up the connector on the proximal end, and then lay it against the outside of the patient approximately following the route of the trachea. If the endotracheal tube connector is past the incisors, it is in too far. |
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Your clinic has decided to start harvesting blood from volunteer donors to administer to patients. How long can whole blood units be stored in the refrigerator if properly collected? |
35 days |
21 days 45 days 35 days 1 year 3 months |
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What constitutes anemia? |
A low packed cell volume |
A low thrombocyte count A low packed cell volume A low neutrophil count An increased hematocrit |
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A 2-year old Dalmatian presents after being hit by a car. Anisocoria is noted during the initial physical examination. What type of trauma would be suspected? |
Head trauma |
Orthopedic injury Splenic torsion Pneumothorax Head trauma Ruptured bladder |
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A 12-year old flat coated retriever presents early for an appointment with a 24-hour history of lethargy. The patient is alert and responsive, has very strong pulses, and a heart rate of 160 beats per minute. The veterinarian has just begun a new pet appointment with a long-term client. This patient should be: |
Brought into the treatment area and be immediately examined by the veterinarian. |
Brought into the treatment area and be immediately examined by the veterinarian. Started on IV fluids immediately, prior to the veterinarian's examination. Allowed to stay in the lobby until the patient's appointment time. Brought into the treatment area and monitored until the veterinarian is finished with the current appointment. Transferred to the local emergency clinic immediately. |
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A patient presents with rodenticide toxicity and is hemorrhaging. The doctor decides the animal needs a transfusion. What blood product is most likely to help stop the patient's bleeding? |
Fresh frozen plasma |
Stored plasma Fresh frozen plasma Packed red blood cells Any blood product will do |
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You are instructed to give a patient fluids per os. How are these administered? |
Orally |
Rectally Orally Subcutaneous Into the bone Intra-arterial Intravenous |
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Which part of the brain coordinates motor activity? Disease of this part of the brain can cause a hypermetric gait. |
Cerebellum |
Frontal lobe Cerebellum Cerebral cortex Brainstem |
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An 11-year old intact male Golden Retriever presents with respiratory distress and a temperature of 106.7 F. The attending veterinarian has gone to talk to the client and has requested that the patient be cooled. To what temperature should the dog be cooled? |
103.0 |
104.0 102.0 99.0 100.0 103.0 |
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You have a bottle of 50% Dextrose. You are asked to add it to a bag of LRS for a pet in diabetic ketoacidosis to create a 2.5% solution. The pet has 800 mL left in his bag. How much will you add to his bag? |
40 mL |
20 mL 25 mL 80 mL 60 mL 40 mL |
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You are new on the ICU floor and are taking time to look through the crash cart so you will be prepared when emergency arises. You find a 60 cc syringe attached to a 3-way stopcock and extension set with a 22-gauge needle attached. What might this setup be used for? |
Thoracocentesis |
Decreasing intracranial pressure Tracheal drug administration Thoracocentesis Jugular catheter placement |
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A 12-pound cat has presented with diabetic ketoacidosis and is currently in shock. The doctor orders that a 40 ml/kg bolus of 0.9% saline be administered. How many milliliters will this patient receive? |
220 ml |
9 ml 220 ml 36 ml 480 ml |
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This ECG demonstrates which arrhythmia? |
Atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter |
3rd degree heart block Ventricular fibrillation Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter |
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When administering a blood transfusion to a rat which species is able to donate? |
Rat only |
Rat, mouse, or ferret Rat or ferret Rat or mouse Rat only |
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It is a very busy day at the clinic. Multiple emergencies walk in all at the same time. Choose the order in which the following cases should be seen. |
Status epilepticus, dyspnea, fracture, stranguria, cervical pain, abscess |
Stranguria, status epilepticus, dyspnea, fracture, abscess, cervical pain. Dyspnea, status epilepticus, stranguria, cervical pain, fracture, abscess. Status epilepticus, dyspnea, fracture, stranguria, cervical pain, abscess. Dyspnea, fracture, status epilepticus, cervical pain, abscess, stranguria. |
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The owner of an 8-year old German Shepherd dog calls to report that the dog may have ingested an unknown quantity of rat bait 12 hours ago. What would be the best course of action to advise over the phone? |
Have the owner bring the dog to the clinic immediately. |
Have the owner bring the dog to the clinic immediately. Have the owner induce vomiting at home. The new formulations of rat bait on the market are pet-friendly and no action needs to be taken. Take a message and have the veterinarian call the owner back. Have the owner monitor the dog's mucus membranes and bring the dog to the clinic if the mucus membranes become pale. |
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A patient has developed a severe run of ventricular premature contractions. The clinician asks you to immediately pull up a 4 mg/kg dose of lidocaine for to administer intravenously. The lidocaine in the hospital comes in a 2% solution. How many milliliters should you draw up for this 20 kg patient? |
4 ml |
8 ml 4 ml 12 ml 2 ml |
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Which of the following is a clinical sign you would see in a dog with chocolate toxicosis? |
Tachycardia |
Bradycardia Swollen tongue Hyperpigmentation Paralysis Tachycardia |
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An injury to what region of the brain is most likely to result in respiratory arrest? |
Brain stem |
Cerebrum Brain stem Diencephalon Cerebellum |
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A cat with type A blood is in need of a transfusion, what type of blood is it able to receive? |
Only A blood |
Only AB blood Only B blood Only A blood Both AB and A blood |
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In a cow that is having difficulty calving and seems to have her legs splaying out from underneath her, you are most concerned about damage to which nerve? |
Obturator |
Tibial Obturator Femoral Peroneal |
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For which of the following emergency situations would you most likely pass a stomach tube in a dog? |
Gastric-dilatation-volvulus |
Mesenteric torsion Gastric-dilatation-volvulus Intestinal intussusception Perforated stomach |
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You are checking the fax machine and get a report from the local emergency clinic that a patient from the hospital where you work presented overnight for severe urticaria. What did this patient have? |
Hives |
Nasal discharge Tremoring Hives Limping Diarrhea |
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A 3-year old female cow presents with a decreased appetite, decreased manure production, and decreased milk production. She calved three weeks ago and has been less active than normal. You auscultate the GI tract and elicit a pinging noise on the left side of the abdomen. Which of the following emergencies is most likely to be occurring? |
Left displaced abomasum |
Left displaced abomasum Right displaced abomasum Uterine prolapse Mastitis |
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A patient has come into the hospital after being stung by a bee. The patient's muzzle is severely swollen, and the doctor has ordered a dose of dexamethasone sodium phosphate to be given intravenously. The patient weight is 30 kg, and the dose is 0.5 mg/kg. The concentration of the dexamethasone is 4 mg/ml. How many milliliters is this patient to receive? |
3.75 ml |
1.7 ml 3.75 ml 12 ml 8 ml |
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Which of the following techniques should NOT be performed when trying to stimulate breathing in a newborn calf? |
Hang the calf off the ground by its back legs and shake or swing it to stimulate breathing. |
Place a finger or piece of straw in the calf's nose. Use of acupuncture points on the muzzle. Pour cold water over the calf's head. Hang the calf off the ground by its back legs and shake or swing it to stimulate breathing. Use of a respiratory stimulant such as doxapram. |
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During calving, the rupture of the umbilical cord before birth causes which of the following? |
Hypoxia in the calf |
Hypoxia in the calf Hyperemia in the calf Septic peritonitis in the cow Fetal sepsis |
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You are working in the emergency clinic and are assisting with treating a dog that has been hit by a car. You are asked to set up for a blood transfusion, and the doctor would like you to give whole blood. A whole blood transfusion would include which of the following components? |
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets |
Platelets, plasma, and red blood cells White blood cells and red blood cells only Plasma and red blood cells only Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets |
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A dog presents with severe seizures, and you are unable to hit a vein for catheter placement and need to stop the seizures immediately. Which of the following is an acceptable means of giving valium to a seizuring dog? |
Rectal |
Oral Intraperitoneal Subcutaneous Rectal Intraosseous |
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A 13-year old diabetic cat arrests during hospitalization during a blood glucose curve. During resuscitation efforts, an emergency blood panel is run which reveals a blood pH of 6.4. What drug may be requested by the veterinarian to help correct this abnormality but would not be used as a long-term therapy? |
Sodium bicarbonate |
Insulin Darbopoetin Sodium bicarbonate Methylprednisolone Potassium gluconate |
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A 14-year old DSH has been prescribed total parenteral nutrition (TPN). What type of catheter would be most appropriate for TPN administration? |
Multi-lumen jugular catheter |
A catheter is not needed; TPN can be delivered subcutaneously. 18 gauge cephalic catheter. 18 gauge saphenous catheter. Single lumen PICC line in the hind leg. Multi-lumen jugular catheter |
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Blood lactate is a marker of what? |
Blood perfusion and oxygen delivery to tissues |
Activity of muscle Amount of tissue carbon dioxide production Activity of the liver Blood perfusion and oxygen delivery to tissues |
