Crisis Characteristics, Reactions, And Assessment

Front 1

What is a period of psychological disequilibrium, experienced as a result of a hazardous event or situation that constitutes a significant problem that cannot be remedied by using familiar coping strategies?

Back 1

Crisis

Front 2

Two defining features of a crisis

Back 2

1. Time-limited
2. Usually lasts a maximum of 6 to 8 weeks

Front 3

Without appropriate resolution, a crisis may produce

Back 3

Lasting affective, cognitive, and behavioral dysfunction

Front 4

Five components of a crisis

Back 4

Hazardous event
Vulnerable state
Precipitating factor
Active crisis state
Reintegration

Front 5

What is a specific stressor that disrupts a state of equilibrium and initiates a series of reactions that culminate is a crisis?

Back 5

Hazardous event

Front 6

This refers to a person's physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to a hazardous event and is marked by an increase in tension and a sense of ineffectiveness. The person attempts to relieve these using their coping strategies.

Back 6

Vulnerable state

Front 7

This is the final stressful event that moves a person from acute vulnerability to a state of disequilibrium.

Back 7

Precipitating factor

Front 8

This occurs when a person's coping skills have broken down and tension is at a maximum level. Characterized by disequilibrium.

Back 8

Active crisis state

Front 9

Person usually recognizes that their customary coping mechanisms are inadequate.

Back 9

Active crisis state

Front 10

Stage of a crisis when a person is most likely to seek help.

Back 10

Active crisis state

Front 11

Restoration of equilibrium.

Back 11

Reintegration

Front 12

Three stages of active crisis state

Back 12

1. Physical and psychological agitation
2. Preoccupation with the events leading to the crisis
3. Gradual return to state of equilibrium

Front 13

Broad categories of crisis origin

Back 13

1. Situational
2. Maturational

Front 14

Life-cycle transitions are examples of (blank) crises

Back 14

Maturational

Front 15

A physical illness or injury is an example of a (blank) crisis

Back 15

Situational

Front 16

An unexpected death is an example of a (blank) crisis

Back 16

Situational

Front 17

An unexpected job loss is an example of a (blank) crisis

Back 17

Situational

Front 18

An assault, rape, or crime is an example of a (blank) crisis

Back 18

Situational

Front 19

A natural or man-made disaster is an example of a (blank) crisis

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Situational

Front 20

A change in social status due to divorce is an example of a (blank) crisis

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Maturational

Front 21

Relocation to another country is an example of a (blank) crisis

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Maturational

Front 22

Three phases involved in a person's reaction to a crisis event

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1. Impact phase
2. Recoil phase
3. Posttraumatic recovery phase

Front 23

Reaction phase where the person exhibits shock, fear, agitation, confusion, or other overt signs of distress and may deny that the event occurred.

Back 23

Impact phase

Front 24

Phase of reaction to crisis that occurs immediately after the event and lasts from a few minutes to a few hours.

Back 24

Impact phase

Front 25

Phase of reaction to a crisis when the person acknowledges the reality of their situation and attempts to make sense of what happened.

Back 25

Recoil phase

Front 26

Phase of reaction to a crisis characterized by intensification of emotional and physical symptoms.

Back 26

Recoil phase

Front 27

Phase of reaction to a crisis that may involve alternating periods of adjustment and relapse as a the person attempts to re-establish equilibrium.

Back 27

Posttraumatic recovery phase

Front 28

Duration of this phase of reaction to a crisis depends on the severity of the crisis, the individual's characteristics, and the effectiveness of treatment.

Back 28

Posttraumatic recovery phase

Front 29

True or False: Substance abuse and impulsive or dangerous activities can be behavioral symptoms of a crisis.

Back 29

True

Front 30

Identify five pre-event risk factors for severe reactions to a traumatic event.

Back 30

1. Previous unresolved trauma/loss
2. Previous psychiatric history or substance abuse
3. Concurrent life stressors
4. Low SES
5. Female gender

Front 31

Identify six peri-event risk factors for severe reactions to a traumatic event.

Back 31

1. Sudden/unexpected event
2. Man-made/unnatural disaster
3. Prolonged exposure
4. Threat to life of self/others
5. Exposure to horrific scenes/sensory experiences
6. Substantial personal loss

Front 32

Identify three post-event risk factors for severe reactions to a traumatic event.

Back 32

1. Survivor's guilt
2. Adverse reactions of others
3. Lack of social support

Front 33

Physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that occur around the anniversary of a crisis event is labelled this:

Back 33

Anniversary reaction

Front 34

For many, (blank) is enough to alleviate symptoms of an anniversary reaction.

Back 34

Recognition that symptoms are associated with the anniversary

Front 35

True or False: Culture may impact the physical symptoms associated with a crisis.

Back 35

True. (e.g., if suppression of strong feelings is a cultural value, the somatic symptoms of stress will be stronger)

Front 36

Identify three ways crisis assessment differs from other types of assessment.

Back 36

1. Clearly linked to crisis resolution
2. Focus is on immediate problems and only historical information pertinent to resolving the crisis
3. Treatment goals and plan are collaborative with active decision-making by client during treatment

Front 37

Establishing (blank) with the client is an essential component of effective crisis assessment and intervention.

Back 37

Rapport

Front 38

When are closed-ended questions appropriate in crisis assessment?

Back 38

When specific information is needed

Front 39

Identify four domains of assessment

Back 39

1. Risk to life
2. Origins, severity, and development of crisis
3. Manifestations of the crisis
4. Family, community, and sociocultural factors

Front 40

Which clients in crisis should be assessed with regard to danger to self or others?

Back 40

ALL clients in crisis

Front 41

The origins, severity, and development of crisis domain involves identifying these two components of a crisis and whether the individual's distress is due to (blank or blank).

Back 41

1. Hazardous event and precipitating factors
2. Chronic stress or acute crisis state

Front 42

The goal of the manifestations of the crisis domain is to determine what three things?

Back 42

1. Client's interpretation of what led to the crisis
2. Client's ABC and physical reactions to the crisis
3. Client's typical way of dealing with stress

Front 43

True or False. It's important to assign a diagnosis to a person's reaction to a crisis.

Back 43

False. It's important to interpret symptoms as a normal response to a crisis so the person will view the reaction as an opportunity for growth.

Front 44

Assessing a client's pre-crisis functioning will help determine

Back 44

Whether the client's current functioning is atypical and if impairments are acute or chronic.

Front 45

This is a key determinant of a client's crisis response.

Back 45

The client's subjective experience of recent stressful events.

Front 46

How are family, community, and sociocultural factors related to crisis assessment?

Back 46

They may clarify the crisis origins, the client's reaction to the crisis, and present alternatives for crisis resolution and return to pre-crisis functioning.

Front 47

Identify the three main types of assessment.

Back 47

1. Triage
2. Crisis
3. Biopsychosocial

Front 48

This type of assessment is conducted by first responders immediately following a traumatic event. The purpose of the assessment is to determine the need for intervention and identify an appropriate one.

Back 48

Triage assessment

Front 49

An important aspect of this type of assessment is to distinguish between normal reactions to a crisis and reactions that are excessive or that reflect a pre-existing condition/disorder.

Back 49

Crisis assessment

Front 50

Four examples of rapid assessment instruments (RAIs) are

Back 50

1. BSI (Brief Symptom Inventory)
2. BDI (Beck Depression Inventory)
3. Impact of Events Scale
4. Lewis-Roberts (CSAS) Crisis State Assessment Scale

Front 51

The Myer's Triage Assessment Form determines whether client's reactions are strongest in one of these three domains:

Back 51

Affective, cognitive, or behavioral

Front 52

The Myer's Triage Assessment Form includes these three types of reactions in the affective domain:

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1. Anger/hostility
2. Anxiety/fear
3. Sadness/melancholy

Front 53

The Myer's Triage Assessment Form includes these three perceptions of the crisis event in the cognitive domain:

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Transgression, threat, or loss

Front 54

The Myer's Triage Assessment Form includes these three types of reactions in the behavioral domain:

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1. Avoidance
2. Approach
3. Immobility

Front 55

Supportive strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.

Back 55

Validate the client's feelings
Affective

Front 56

Catharsis strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.

Back 56

Help a client express emotions
Affective

Front 57

Awareness strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.

Back 57

Increase a client's consciousness of emotions
Affective

Front 58

Ordering strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.

Back 58

Promote rational thinking
Cognitive

Front 59

Clarifying strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.

Back 59

Help the client consider alternative interpretations
Cognitive

Front 60

Delimiting strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.

Back 60

Help a client stop catastrophizing
Cognitive

Front 61

Guiding strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.

Back 61

Help the client identify and obtain resources
Behavioral

Front 62

Protecting strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.

Back 62

Keep the client and others safe
Behavioral

Front 63

Mobilizing strategies do this and are an optimal intervention in this domain.

Back 63

Mobilize sources of support and assistance
Behavioral

Front 64

The amount of biopsychosocial data collected depends on

Back 64

the severity of the crisis and the urgency and nature of the services required