Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The Research Process
|
Define the problem
Review the literature Formulate a hypothesis Design the research study Collect and analyse the data Develop a conclusion Share the results |
|
|
The theory:
|
An organized set of principles used to explain observed phenomena.
Must be falsifiable |
|
|
operational
|
Specific procedures for manipulating or measuring a conceptual variable
Operationalizing variables is key for replication |
|
|
Types of measures
|
1)Self reports: national crime and safety survey
2)Physiological measures:Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI),Penile Plethysmograph (PPG)[measures blood flow] 3)observations 4) archival data: Uniform crime report |
|
|
validity of study
|
internal of study:validity of your results
external of study: would diet influence weight outside of study? |
|
|
Types of studies
|
1) descriptive studies: decribe events, field vs survey
2)correlation:measures association between variables- may NOT be able to manipulate IV. correlation doesnt imply causation. 3)experiment:examine cause and effect, the IV is manipulated to see effect of DV. 4) quasi experiment: used when random assignment is not possible |
|
|
Simple random sampling
|
each person in population has equal chance of being included in sample
|
|
|
stratified random sampling
|
divide sample into subgroups and select sample
|
|
|
Types of non probability sampling
|
do not have known chance of being selected for sample:
Convenience Samples Readily available Quota Samples Quota within convenience sample Volunteerism Call for volunteers Snowball Samples Participants located through other participants |
|
|
Types of biases
|
Biased samples
Sample does not reflect larger population Measurement bias Are you measuring what you claim to be measuring? Observer-expectancy effects Is the researcher influencing participants? Subject-expectancy effects Subject may have their own expectations |
|
|
Ethical standrads
|
Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences
|
|
|
Measureing crime:Australian bureau of statistics
|
-australia new zealand offence classification list offences report to ABS
-16 classifications -all of police services use ABS -not interested in all crimes, they look at specific crimes |
|
|
five ways to measure crime: however there is no TRUE way to measure crime
|
1) administrative data: ABS,court records,police records
2)victimization surveys: national crime and safety suvey 3)offender surveys:national youth survey 4)organisational data:security & insurance 5)observational studies:small scale project |
