Criminology

Front 1

study of human interactions and relationships that emphasizes such issues as group dynamics and socialization.

Back 1

Sociological Social Psychology

Front 2

designed to prevent crime and if it cannot prevent crime then it should convince the offender to commit a less serious offense.

Back 2

Punishment by Incarceration

Front 3

says that if petty offenses were subject to the same punishment as more serious crimes, offenders would choose the more serious crimes.

Back 3

Marginal Deterrence

Front 4

Males are more likely to socialize with deviant peers than are females and they are more likely to be deeply influenced by these deviant peers. This finding explains how _____________________ may explain the gender difference in the crime rate.

Back 4

Differential Association

Front 5

laws do not require intent and are meant to protect the public.

Back 5

Strict Liability

Front 6

theory says that crime is a decision to violate the law and is made for a variety of reasons, including greed, revenge, need, anger, lust, jealousy, thrill-seeking, or vanity.

Back 6

Rational Choice

Front 7

law is the written code that defines crimes and their punishments, and reflects the values, beliefs, and opinions of society’s mainstream.

Back 7

The Substantive Criminal

Front 8

theory says everyone has the potential to become a criminal, but most are controlled by the bond to society.

Back 8

Social Control

Front 9

According to Akers and Burgess, ___________ occurs when deviant and conventional behaviors are learned and reinforced by direct conditioning

Back 9

Differential Reinforcement

Front 10

is what sets strange, unusual, or deviant behavior (or any action that departs from the social norms) apart from criminal behaviors.

Back 10

Social Harm

Front 11

are the morally tinged influences which have become entrenched in the culture but are publicly condemned.

Back 11

Subterranean Values

Front 12

refers to an effect that occurs when an effort to control one type of crime has the unexpected benefit of reducing the incidence of another.

Back 12

Diffusion

Front 13

The theory of _____________ holds that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that known criminals will never repeat their criminal acts.

Back 13

Specific Deterrence

Front 14

The criminological enterprise subarea of criminal behavior__________________, which focuses on the nature and cause of specific crime patterns.

Back 14

Systems and Typologies

Front 15

is the idea that offenders evaluate their skills, motives, needs, and fears before deciding to commit crime.

Back 15

Offender Specific Crime

Front 16

The criminological enterprise subarea of ______________ describes and measures crime.

Back 16

Criminal Statistics

Front 17

Criminologists who engage in _______________ view social theory as a systematic set of interrelated statements or principles that explain some aspect of social life.

Back 17

Theory Construction

Front 18

When parents, friends, teachers, and law enforcement officials amplify negative labels via stigmatization a person may begin to re-evaluate their identity. This process is referred to as the ________________.

Back 18

Dramatization of Evil

Front 19

Criminologists conduct research that is designed to _______________________ in order to determine their efficiency, effectiveness, and impact.

Back 19

Evaluate Justice Interpretations

Front 20

The exhilarating, momentary integration of danger, risk, and skill that motivates people to try dangerous criminal and noncriminal behaviors refers to what is known as _______.

Back 20

Edgework

Front 21

1. Body of knowledge regarding crime as a _________
2. The Development of criminal law and its use to _____________
3. The cause of ___________
4. Methods used to ____________
5. A _____________

Back 21

1. social phenomenon

2. define crime

3. law violations

4. control criminal behavior

5. multidisciplinary science