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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Joel Best
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- Well known "critical constructionist" and expert on "social problems"
- Written extensively about society's focus on "threatened children," "child victims", and "troubled children" - Threatened Children; Damned Lies and Statistics; Images of Issues |
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Missing Children
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79-81: Stranger abductions started receiving national publicity
1981: "Missing Children" term first appears 1981: US Senate holds first hearing on Missing Children 1982: Fed Government passes Missing Children's Act 1986: Formation of US Attorney General's Advisory Board on Missing Children report Mid-80s: Photos of 'missing children' started appearing on milk cartons, shopping bags, billboards, TV Claims 1981: 50,000 stranger abductions of children/yr 1983: 20,000-50,000 children snatched/yr 1986: 4,000-20,000 child abductions involving strangers Setting Facts Straight - Widely misstated "fact" 1.8 million missing children in US (no one knows where that number came from) - Majority of missing children runaways (typically 97% missing less than 24 hrs; 99% reports cancelled w/n year) - 100,000 missing children abducted by non-custodial parents |
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Confused About Crime Rates
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- FBI Report apparently implied crime rate no longer declining
- Media didn't understand/report FBI report was preliminary and didn't include official figures - Victimization report released in same period two weeks after; crime declined 15% |
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Reading B/W The Lines
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- Canadian Uniform Crime Report (UCR): indicates crime has been decreasingly almost annually since early 90s'
- Canadian GSS: indicates that victimization rate stayed same b/w 04-09; 14% higher in 04 than in 1999; 28% higher in 04 than 1993 |
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Nature vs. Nurture
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- Is human behaviour "a product of nature/nurture?"
- In the past, theoreticians usually adhered to one viewpoint or another Nature (Early Positive School) - Behaviour caused by genetic influences - Individuals had inherited predispositions Nurture (Durkheim; Chicago School) - Humans born without predispositions - Environmental influences shape/modify human behaviour |
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Conditional Free Will
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People make choices; not entirely on genes
- Rare that an effect can be attributed to a single gene - People choose courses of action (element of free will) - Choices are limited/bounded by "current circumstances or opportunities, learning experiences, physiological abilities and genetic predispositions." |
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The Thomas Theorem
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"If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences"
- Developed by W.I. Thomas (early member of Chicago School) - Used by Robert K Merton in his work on "self-fulling prophecy - Merton was not a member of Chicago School but was heavily influenced by work of Edwin Sutherland and by symbolic interaction |
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The Looking-Glass Self
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Charles Cooley (Symbolic interactionist and member of Chicago School)
- We see ourselves as others see us - Others' conceptions reflected back at us through words, actions, symbols - If others see us in a negative light, then we come to see ourselves in negative light |
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The Positive School
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Used "scientific" methods to explain criminal behaviour
- Involved notion of "determinism" as opposed to "free will" or "rational choice" - Behaviour of criminals was predetermined by their genes/evolutionary condition |
