Criminal Psychology-- Psychologists

Front 1

Bandura

Back 1

Social Learning Theory- ARRM, role models

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Yochelson

Back 2

Criminals are more likely to commit crimes due to a distorted thinking pattern

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Bandura, Ross + Ross

Back 3

Bobo doll study- investigate whether children could learn aggression from role models

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Eron

Back 4

Positive correlation between amount of aggression viewed at age 8 + later aggression at age 30

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Madon

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Mothers labelling their children as non-drinkers will make them more likely not to drink- supports SFP as mothers are giving children labels + they are living up to them

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Jahoda

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When children born on a Wednesday are labelled to be aggressive they commit 22% of violent crimes- supports SFP because the children are living up to the label they have been given

Front 7

Loftus + Palmer exp. 1

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Participants shown video of a crash, asked about how fast the cars were going when they _____ each other. Smashed- 40.8, Contacted 31.8

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Loftus + Palmer exp. 2

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Two groups- 1 asked how fast when they 'hit' each other, the other asked when they 'smashed' each other, week later asked 'did you see any broken glass?'

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Yuille + Cutshall

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Shooting/Robbery- 13/21 witnesses agreed to take part, asked to say in their own words what happened, asked if they saw the broken headlight, asked how stressed they felt on a scale of 1-7

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Yarmey

Back 10

560 men + women approached by a target, asked to recall the target either 2mins or 4hrs later, 16-question recall test + then had to choose from 6 photos. Some saw her in the photos, some did not.

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Hobbs + Holt

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125 boys in a correctional institution for offences from truancy to homicide. 3 groups on the token economy programme, 1 not. Found that the programme improved behaviour + benefits outweighed costs of £250

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Jenkins

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Looked at 3 types of rehabilitation and a control, token economy had best results

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Cohen + Filipcjak

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Boys who are on the token economy programme are less likely to reoffend than those who are not

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Field et al

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Found that sometimes the token economy programmes do not work for some offenders, suggesting that the programmes have to be specially designed to suit the individual

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Pearson et al

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Found cognitive techniques helped reduce recidivism but behavioural modification did not, i.e. behaviour cannot be changed without a change of thinking

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Ireland

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1 control group + 1 experimental group. No difference in the anger scores of the control but only 8% of the experimental group showed no improvement

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Hunter

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Reported improvements in impulsiveness, depression and wider interpersonal problems after anger management

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Zamble + Quinsey

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Suggest that anger is a major factor in predicting violence and recidivism

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Charlton

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St. Helena study- collected information about the children before + after the introduction of TV. Had no negative effect on children's behaviour

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Lombroso

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Based on the way you look e.g. asymmetric face, big lips, long arms

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Hooten

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Proved Goring wrong so supports Lombroso but differences were not significant enough

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Goring

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Proved Lombroso wrong

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Eysenck

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Introvert/extrovert, stable/unstable, criminals more likely to be unstable extroverts

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Bartol

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Found that criminals were less extrovert than the control