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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The criminal justice system consists of 3 major agencies:
i) The Police
ii) The Courts
iii) The Correctional System
Various types of discrimination have been identified, and each have the potential to influence fairness in different ways in our criminal justice system: (4)
i) Systemic Discrimination
ii) Institutionalized Discrimination
iii) Contextual Discrimination
iv) Individual Discrimination
Substantive justice is primarily concerned with:
- the truthfulness of the allegation,
- the accuracy of the verdict,
- the appropriateness of the sentence.
Each province is responsible for developing its own _______ and _______ policing services.
municipal, provincial
All provincial/territorial courts system have 3 levels:
i) Lower courts
ii) Superior courts
iii) Appeal court
The _________ courts are the first courts most Canadians encounter when charged with a criminal offence.
provincial
Provincial and territorial governments are responsible for any individual serving a term of incarceration under ___ _____ and all for non-custodial sentences.
two years
Majority of individuals in the correctional population are serving all or part of their sentence under _______
supervision.
community
Community supervision includes: (5)
i) Parole
ii) Probation
iii) Conditional sentence
iv) Statutory release
v) Temporary absences
Gang related homicides are difficult to solve. Police were able to solve only _____ percent of such killings in 2006, compared to _____ percent of non-gang related homicides.
45, 80
There are an estimated ____ organized groups operating across Canada
900
Making murder an automatic _____ degree charge when it is committed in connection with a ________ organization.
first, criminal
First degree murder is subject to a mandatory sentence of ____ imprisonment without eligibility of ______ for 25 years.
life, parole
The term "______ ______" is commonly used to refer to the various types of organized reaction to behavior viewed as problematic.
social control
A criminal act can only be established once it is determined that it violates the criminal law and/or when the accused person is found guilty in a court of criminal law.
True
The Canadian criminal justice system can be said to have three main aims:
i) To control crime
ii) To prevent crime
iii) to maintain justice.
___________ refers to the differential treatment of individuals based on negative judgments relating to their perceived or real membership in a group.
Discrimination
Systemic discrimination:
Discrimination existing in all aspects of the operations of our criminal justice system. i.e rates of arrest, type of charges laid,decision to prosecute or stay charges.
Institutionalized discrimination:
Disparities appear in the outcomes of decisions.
Contextual discrimination:
Arises from organizational policies within criminal justice agencies such as the police and the courts.
Individual discrimination:
Occurs when an individual employed within the criminal justice system acts in a way that discriminates against members of certain groups.
Any city with more than ______ people are required to form and maintain its own police service.
10,000
Critics point to what they consider to be high __________ rates as an indication that institutions are failing to __________ offenders.
recidivism, rehabilitate
Our criminal justice system is based on the _________ of innocence of all defendants and is supposed to conduct itself in a manner that is fair, efficient, accountable, participatory, and protective of the legal rights of those arrested and charged with the commission of a criminal action.
presumption
The main purpose of arresting someone is to ensure that the accused _______ in a criminal court, in which that person's guilt or innocence will be determined.
appears
Another purpose of arrest is to _______ the commission of any further crimes. ____ or ________ a warrant, police officers can arrest a suspect for violating the law.
prevent, With, without
Judicial interim release hearing (bail hearing):
Justice of the peace is expected to release the accused unless prosecutor supplies evidence to show either individual should not be released or that conditions should be attached to release.
Those charged with first or second degree murder can be released on bail only by a _________ _________ judge
superior court
The purpose of a preliminary inquiry is not to determine the guild/innocence of the individual charged but rather...
determine whether there is enough evidence to send the accused to trial
In the Canadian Urban Victimization Survey the four most common reasons victims gave researchers for not reporting to police were:
i) too minor
ii) the police couldn't do anything
iii) inconvenience
iv) nothing taken