Criminal Justice 101 Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards

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Uniform Crime Reports

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an annual FBI publication that summarizes the incidence and rate of reported crimes throughout the United States.

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Uniform Crime Reports

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UCR

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National Crime Victimization Survey

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An annual survey of selected American households conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the extent of criminal victimization--especially unreported victimization--in the United States.

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National Crime Victimization Survey.

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NCVS

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Bureau of Justice Statistics

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A U.S, Department of Justice agency responsible for the collection of criminal justice data, including the annual National Crime Victimization Survey.

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Bureau of Justice Statistics

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BJS

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Crime index

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An inclusive measure of teh violent and property crime categories, or Part I offenses, of the Uniform Crime Reports.

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violent crime

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a UCR offense category that includes murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault.

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property crime

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A UCR offense that includes burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson.

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clearance rate

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A traditional measure of investigative effectiveness that compares the number of crimes reported or discovered to the number of crimes solved through other means.

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murder

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The unlawful killing of a human being.

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Part I offenses

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A set of UCR categories used to report murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson, as defined under the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Program.

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rape

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Unlawful sexual intercourse achieved through force and without consent.

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forcible rape

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The carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will.

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sexual battery

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Intentional and wrongful physical contact with a person, without his or her consent, that entails a sexual component or purpose.

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date rape

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Unlawful forced sexual intercourse with a female against her will that occurs within the context of a dating relationship.

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robbery (UCR)

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The unlawful taking or attempted taking of property that is in the immediate possession of another by force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear.

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assault (UCR)

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An unlawful attack by one person upon another. Under modern statistical usage, attempted and completed acts are grouped together.

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aggravated assault

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The unlawful, intentional inflicting, or attempted or threatened inflicting, of serious injury upon the person of another.

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Burglary (UCR)

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The unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft (excludes tents, trailers, or other mobile units used for recreational purposes).

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larceny-theft (UCR)

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The unlawful taking or attempted taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property, from the possession or constructive possession of another. Motor vehicles are excluded.

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identity theft

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A crime in which an imposter obtanis key pieces of information, such as Social Security and driver's license numbers, to obtain credit, merchandise, and services in the name of the victim.

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motor-vehicle theft (UCR)

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The theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle, which is defined as a self-propelled, road vehicle that runs on land surface and not rails. Trains, planes, boats, construction equipment, and farm machinery is not included.

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arson (UCR)

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The burning or attempted burning of property, with or without the intent to defraud. Some instances result from malicious mischief, some involve attempts to claim insurance monies, and some are committed in an effort to disguise other crimes.

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Part II offenses

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A set of UCR categories used to report arrests for less serious offenses.

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National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)

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An incident-based reporting system that collects data on every single crime occurrence.

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National Incident-Based Reporting System

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NIBRS

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dark figure of crime

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Crime that is not reported to the police and remains unknown to officials.

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crime typology

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A classification of cimes along a particular dimension, such as legal categories, offender motivation, victim behavior, or the characteristics of individual offenders.

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stalkinng

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repeated harassing and threatening behavior by one individual against another, aspects of which may be planned or carried out in secret. It might involve following a person, appearing at a person's home or place of business, making harassing phone calls, leaving written messages or objects, or vandalizing a person's property.

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cyberstalking

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The use of the Internet, e-mail, and other electronic communication technologies to stalk a person.

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hate crime

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A criminal offense in which the motive is "hatred, bias, or prejudice, based on teh actual or percieved race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation of another individual or group of individuals."

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corporate crime

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A violation of a criminal statute by a corporate entity or by its executives, employees, or agents acting on behalf of an for the benefit of the corporation, partnership, or other form of business entity.

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white-collar crime

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Violations of the criminal law committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his or her occupation. Also, nonviolent crime for financial gain utilizing deception and committed by anyone who has special technical and professional knowledge of business and government, irrespective of the person's occupation.

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organized crime

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The unlawful activities of the members of a highly organized, disciplined, association engaged in supplying illegal goods and services, including gambling, prostitution, loan-sharking, narcotics, and labor racketeering, and in other unlawful activities.

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transnational organized crime

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Unlawful activity undertaken and supported by organized criminal groups operating across national boundaries.

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computer crime

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Any crime perpetrated through the use of computer technology. Also, any violation of a federal or state computer-crime statute. Also called cybercrime.