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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
chain of custody
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the documented and unbroken transfer of evidence
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circumstantial evidence
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(indirect evidence) evidence used to imply a fact but not prove it directly
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class evidence
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material that connects an individua or thing to a certain group
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crime-scene investigation
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a multidisciplinary approach in which scientific and legal professionals work together to solve a crime
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crime-scene reconstruction
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a hypothesis of the sequence of events from before the crime was comitted through its comission
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direct evidence
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evidence that (if true) proves an alleged fact, such as an eyewitness account of a crime
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first responder
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the first police officer to arrive at a crime scene
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individual evidence
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a kind of evidence that identifies a particular person or thing
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primary crime scene
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the location where the crime took place
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secondary crime scene
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a location other than the primary crime scene, but that is in someway related to the crime, where evidence is found
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trace evidence
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small but measurable amounts of physical or biological material found at a crime scene
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algor mortis
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(1 hour after death) the cooling of the both after death
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autolysis
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the spontaneous break-down of cells as they self-digest
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cause of death
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the immediate reason for a person's death (such as heart attack, kidney failure)
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death
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the cessation, or end, of life
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decomposition
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the process of rotting and breaking down
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forensic entomology
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the study of insects as they pertain to legal issues
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instar
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one of the three larval stages of insect development
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larva
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(plural larvae) immature form of an animal that undergoes metamorphosis (maggot)
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livor mortis
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(starts immediately after death, lasts 12 hours) the pooling of the blood in tissues after death resulting in a reddish color to the skin
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manner of death
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one of four means by which someone dies (i.e., natural, accidental, suicidal or homicidal)
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mechanism of death
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the specific body failure that leads to death (i.e., gunshot wound that bled out)
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pupa
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(plural pupae) the stage in an insects life cycle when the larva forms a capsule around itself and changes into its adult form
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rigor mortis
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(immediately following death, starts within 24 hours and goes away within 36) the stiffening of the skeletal muscles after death
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anthropology
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the scientific study of the origins and behavior as well as the physical, social, and cultural development of humans
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epiphysis
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the presence of a visible line that marks the place where cartilage is being replaced by bone
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forensic anthropology
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the study of physical anthropology as it applies to human skeletal remains in a legal setting
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joints
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locations where bones meet
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mitochondrial DNA
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DNA found in the mitochondria that is inherited only through mothers
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ossification
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the process that replaces soft cartilage with hard bone by the deposition of minerals
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osteohlography
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the physical record of a person's life as told by his or her bones
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osteoblast
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a type of cell capable of migrating and depositing new bone
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osteoclast
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a bone cell involved in the breaking down of bone and the removal of wastes
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osteocyte
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an osteoblast that becomes trapped in the construction of bone; also known as a living bone cell
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osteoporosis
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weakening of bone, which may happen if there is not enough calcium in the diet
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skeletal trauma analysis
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the investigation of bones and the marks on them to uncover a potential cause of death
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agglutination
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the clumping of molecules or cells caused by an antigen-antibody reaction
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anibodies
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proteins secreted by white blood cells
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antigen-antibody response
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a reaction in which antibodies attach to specific antigens
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antigens
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any foreign substance or cell in the body that reacts with antibodies
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cell-surface protein
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proteins embedded in the cell membrane
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lines of convergence
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a two-dimensional view of the intersection of lines formed by drawing a line through the main axis of at least two drops of blood that indicates the general area of the source of the blood spatter
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point of origen
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a three-dimensional view formed using lines of convergence and angles of impact of at-least two different drops of blood to identify the source and location of blood splatter
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red blood cells
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donut-shaped cells that carry oxygen throughout the body
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satellite drop of blood
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secondary drop formed when some blood breaks free from the main contact drop of blood
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white blood cells
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cells that police the body by destroying foreign materials
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anthropologist
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examines bones to help determine identity and may also get involved in the time-of-death issues as well as forensic art, computer enhancement, facial sculpture
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artist/sculptor
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provides sketches of the offender, uses computer enhancement to come up with a rendition of someone, or uses two- and three-dimensional facial reconstruction on decomposed remains
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accountant
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does financial investigations for deducing motive and identifying suspects
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ballistics expert
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has knowledge about the functioning of firearms and bullet projecties
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botanist
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studies plant growth at a crime scene and analyzes plant spores
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chemist/trace expert
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studies the molecular component of pieces of evidence like glass, paint chips, fibers, and dyes. also does toxicology
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dactyloscopist
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analyzes fingerprints
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entomologist
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studies the developmental stages of insects to help establish time of death or body dump sites
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geologist
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analyzes soil content to provide information about where a body may have been
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geographical/profiler
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uses computer models to help establish where a serial offender may reside
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linguist
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analyzes the spoken or written word to match separate messages with a singe individual, prove underlying intent, and tell something about the person's educational level and reading sources
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mental health expert/criminologist/profiler
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helps to determine how the evidence is to be interpreted by analyzing potential motives and criminal behavior from a crime scene. They can also predict what a serial offender might do, narrow down identifying characteristics, and explain puzzling aspects of a crime
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odontologist/dentist
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studies teeth, which means they can examine teeth impressions, bite marks, and dental formation for identification
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serologist
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analyzes body serums like blood, semen, and saliva, and may offer information about DNA and blood pattern analysis
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