Crime In America

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Seek to protect personal freedoms within the process of criminal justice system

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Individual-RightsAdvocates

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Believe that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights

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Public-Order Advocates

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The principle of fairness; the ideal of moral equity

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Justice

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Linked to fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong

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Social justice

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A component of social justice concerned with fairness in relationships between citizens, government agencies, and businesses in private matters

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Civil justice

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The aspects of social justice that concern violations of the criminal law

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Criminal justice

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Various parts of the justice system work together to achieve the social product of justice

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Consensus Model

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Components of the justice system function to serve their own interests; justice results from conflict rather than cooperation

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Conflict Model

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Evidence collected, reconstruction of criminal event

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Investigation

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Writ issued by judge directing officer to perform an act and protects officer from damages

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Warrant

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Act of taking an adult or juvenile into custody

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Arrest

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Taking pictures, fingerprints, personal information from suspect

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Booking

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Formally notified of the charges, advised of their rights, given the opportunity to retain a lawyer or have one appointed to represent them

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First Appearance

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Occurs before a judicial officer; allows the defense to assess the strength of the prosecution's case

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Preliminary Hearing

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A formal written accusation submitted to a court by a prosecutor, alleging that the specified person(s) has committed(a) specified offense(s)

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Information/ Indictment

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Hearing before the court having jurisdiction in a criminal case in which:• The identity of the defendant is established• Said defendant is informed of the charges against him/her• The defendant is informed of his/her rights and requested to enter a plea

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Arraignment

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Examination of the issues of fact and law for the purpose of reaching a judgment of conviction or acquittal

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Adjudication

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A number of difference sentencing options exist, from fines to the death penalty

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Sentencing

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The sentence is carried out

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Corrections

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Following corrections, an offender maybe returned to the community

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Reentry

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Emphasizes the efficient arrest and convictions of offenders

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Crime-control model

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Emphasizes individual rights at all stages of the justice system processing

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• Due process model

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Right guaranteed by the Fifth, Sixth,and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S.Constitution, Bill of Rights, Standard was set in the 1960s by the Warren Court.

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• Due process

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- A system of social control that is fair to those it processes

- Law enforcement infused with there cognition of individual rights

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Crime control through due process

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The use of sanctions and rewards within a group to influence and shape the behavior of individual members of that group

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Social control

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The existence within one society of diverse groups that maintain unique cultural identities while frequently accepting and participating in the larger society's legal and political systems

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Multiculturalism