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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is included in developmental theorists' natural history of crime? |
Onset, Continuation and termination |
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What pathway to delinquency begins at an early age with stubborn behavior? |
Authority Conflict pathway |
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Gottfredsson & Hirschi assert ____ as the root cause of poor self-control? |
Inadequate child-rearing practices |
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What types of crime are explained by the principals of self-control theory? |
All crime |
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Wilson & Herbstein cite this factor for the choice of criminal behavior. |
Biological and psychological traits. Cost-benefit |
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How does life course theory view criminality and its influences? |
Criminality is a dynamic process influences by characteristics, traits and experiences, behavior changes accordingly for better or worse People mature, family first, later adolescence school and peers, job achievement and marriage |
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What term describes offenders who have criminal careers into adulthood? |
Life Course persisters |
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what behaviors are included in problem behavior syndrome? |
Antisocial behavior- Fam dysfunction, substance abuse, smoking, precocious sexuality and early preggers, education underachievement, suicide attempts, unemployment |
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What pathway to crime begins with minor hidden behaviors, leads to property damage & may escalate to serious theft or fraud? |
Covert pathway |
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What pathway to crime begins with minor aggression, leads to physical fighting, may escalate to violent crime? |
Overt pathway |
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Gottfredson & Hirschi explain individual differences in criminality a a combo of__&__ |
Impulsive & Lack if self-control |
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According to developmental theory, why do people "age out" of crime? |
people mature, social, physical and environmental influences have changed |
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persons whose criminal careers peak in adolescence & then diminish are referred to as ___? |
Adolescent-limited offenders |
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What features do public policy programs based upon developmental theory possess? |
Promote academic success, social competence and educational enhancement, strengthen coping skills and suppressing antisocial or aggressive behavior |
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According to GTC, what type of personality produces crime? |
impulsive personality and lack of self- control |
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Youths who murder often suffer from what conditions? |
Major neurological impairment, low IQ, Psychotic close relatives, Paranoia, Illogical thinking, hallucinations |
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That which legitimizes violence by customs/norms of a cultural subgroup |
Subculture of violence |
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what does the UCR indicate concerening firearms, murders and robberies ? |
2/3 of all murders and 2/5 of robberies involve firearms |
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what percent of reported rape offenses do the police make arrests? |
40% |
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what are considered to be the causes of rape? |
Evolutionary/ biological factor, male socialization, psychological abnormality, social learning and sexual motivation |
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growth found what type of rape to be the most common |
Power rape |
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sexual relations between an underage minor female & an adult male is __? |
Statutory rape |
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what is it referred to when men separate sexual feelings from love/ respect? |
virility mystique |
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what are the criminal intent requirements for various degrees of murder? |
1st- killing after premed and deliberation 2nd- killing to have malice, not thought about before Voluntary manslaughter- intent may be present but not malice Involuntary/negligent manslaughter-w/o intent or malice |
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What percent of women are serial killers? |
10-15% |
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What percent of murder victims are men? |
80% |
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What are the dominant causal variables of child abuse and neglect? |
Abusive parents may have been abused themselves, blended fams, parents become abusive if they are isolated, parents suffering from depression |
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Factors that predict spousal abuse |
Perpetrators access to a gun and previous threat with a weapon, having a step child, estrangement especially from controlling partner, |
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4 types of hate crimes |
Thrill seeking, Relative(defense), mission and retaliatory |
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what type of terrorism promotes interests of a prosecuted minority group? |
Nationalist terrorists |
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a killing that accompanies a felony is referred to as a ______ |
Felony Murder |
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About ___ of all murder victims are African American |
half |
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3 elements of rape |
anger, power, sadism |
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person that kills 4 or more victims in a single event is a ____ |
Mass Murderer |
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types of serial killers |
"Thrill Killers"- sexual sadism/dominance, enjoy the thrill "Mission Killers"- want to reform the world/ visions that drive them to kill "Expedience killer"- out for profit, protect themselves from a threat |
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characteristic of female serial killers |
Older, abuse drug & alc Poison/ smother people they know |
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what criminal act separates robbers from thieves? |
robbery uses force or threat of force |
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___ is the murder of an older child |
filicide |
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2 concepts that are distinct from each other in Gorrfredson & Hirschi's general theory of crime |
Self-control & Impulsive |
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how does "Problem behavior syndrome" view crime? |
cluster of antisocial behaviors- Fam dysfunction, substance abuse, education underachievement Crime=type of social problem rather than as the product of other social problems |
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How does latent trait theory view propensity & opportunity to commit crime? |
Propensity- directs behavior, enduring Opportunity-external force |
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David Farrington concerning factors that predict criminality |
Having a lot of free time, living in neighborhoods with unguarded homes containing valuable merch and crime prone people |
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legal requirements for the crime of assault |
doesn't require touch but involves attempted batter or intentionally frightening the victim by word or deed |
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what impact do guns have on crimes of violence? |
escalate the severity of a crime |
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what triggers workplace violence |
management- induced injustice |
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what time of year do robberies peak |
winter |
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What is the relationship between age if a child and risk for infanticide |
Infanticide is the murder of very young children, 400 kids 4 and younger killed each year |
