Crim Test 3

Front 1

What is included in developmental theorists' natural history of crime?

Back 1

Onset, Continuation and termination

Front 2

What pathway to delinquency begins at an early age with stubborn behavior?

Back 2

Authority Conflict pathway

Front 3

Gottfredsson & Hirschi assert ____ as the root cause of poor self-control?

Back 3

Inadequate child-rearing practices

Front 4

What types of crime are explained by the principals of self-control theory?

Back 4

All crime

Front 5

Wilson & Herbstein cite this factor for the choice of criminal behavior.

Back 5

Biological and psychological traits. Cost-benefit

Front 6

How does life course theory view criminality and its influences?

Back 6

Criminality is a dynamic process influences by characteristics, traits and experiences, behavior changes accordingly for better or worse

People mature, family first, later adolescence school and peers, job achievement and marriage

Front 7

What term describes offenders who have criminal careers into adulthood?

Back 7

Life Course persisters

Front 8

what behaviors are included in problem behavior syndrome?

Back 8

Antisocial behavior- Fam dysfunction, substance abuse, smoking, precocious sexuality and early preggers, education underachievement, suicide attempts, unemployment

Front 9

What pathway to crime begins with minor hidden behaviors, leads to property damage & may escalate to serious theft or fraud?

Back 9

Covert pathway

Front 10

What pathway to crime begins with minor aggression, leads to physical fighting, may escalate to violent crime?

Back 10

Overt pathway

Front 11

Gottfredson & Hirschi explain individual differences in criminality a a combo of__&__

Back 11

Impulsive & Lack if self-control

Front 12

According to developmental theory, why do people "age out" of crime?

Back 12

people mature, social, physical and environmental influences have changed

Front 13

persons whose criminal careers peak in adolescence & then diminish are referred to as ___?

Back 13

Adolescent-limited offenders

Front 14

What features do public policy programs based upon developmental theory possess?

Back 14

Promote academic success, social competence and educational enhancement, strengthen coping skills and suppressing antisocial or aggressive behavior

Front 15

According to GTC, what type of personality produces crime?

Back 15

impulsive personality and lack of self- control

Front 16

Youths who murder often suffer from what conditions?

Back 16

Major neurological impairment, low IQ, Psychotic close relatives, Paranoia, Illogical thinking, hallucinations

Front 17

That which legitimizes violence by customs/norms of a cultural subgroup

Back 17

Subculture of violence

Front 18

what does the UCR indicate concerening firearms, murders and robberies ?

Back 18

2/3 of all murders and 2/5 of robberies involve firearms

Front 19

what percent of reported rape offenses do the police make arrests?

Back 19

40%

Front 20

what are considered to be the causes of rape?

Back 20

Evolutionary/ biological factor, male socialization, psychological abnormality, social learning and sexual motivation

Front 21

growth found what type of rape to be the most common

Back 21

Power rape

Front 22

sexual relations between an underage minor female & an adult male is __?

Back 22

Statutory rape

Front 23

what is it referred to when men separate sexual feelings from love/ respect?

Back 23

virility mystique

Front 24

what are the criminal intent requirements for various degrees of murder?

Back 24

1st- killing after premed and deliberation

2nd- killing to have malice, not thought about before

Voluntary manslaughter- intent may be present but not malice

Involuntary/negligent manslaughter-w/o intent or malice

Front 25

What percent of women are serial killers?

Back 25

10-15%

Front 26

What percent of murder victims are men?

Back 26

80%

Front 27

What are the dominant causal variables of child abuse and neglect?

Back 27

Abusive parents may have been abused themselves, blended fams, parents become abusive if they are isolated, parents suffering from depression

Front 28

Factors that predict spousal abuse

Back 28

Perpetrators access to a gun and previous threat with a weapon, having a step child, estrangement especially from controlling partner,

Front 29

4 types of hate crimes

Back 29

Thrill seeking, Relative(defense), mission and retaliatory

Front 30

what type of terrorism promotes interests of a prosecuted minority group?

Back 30

Nationalist terrorists

Front 31

a killing that accompanies a felony is referred to as a ______

Back 31

Felony Murder

Front 32

About ___ of all murder victims are African American

Back 32

half

Front 33

3 elements of rape

Back 33

anger, power, sadism

Front 34

person that kills 4 or more victims in a single event is a ____

Back 34

Mass Murderer

Front 35

types of serial killers

Back 35

"Thrill Killers"- sexual sadism/dominance, enjoy the thrill

"Mission Killers"- want to reform the world/ visions that drive them to kill

"Expedience killer"- out for profit, protect themselves from a threat

Front 36

characteristic of female serial killers

Back 36

Older, abuse drug & alc

Poison/ smother people they know

Front 37

what criminal act separates robbers from thieves?

Back 37

robbery uses force or threat of force

Front 38

___ is the murder of an older child

Back 38

filicide

Front 39

2 concepts that are distinct from each other in Gorrfredson & Hirschi's general theory of crime

Back 39

Self-control & Impulsive

Front 40

how does "Problem behavior syndrome" view crime?

Back 40

cluster of antisocial behaviors- Fam dysfunction, substance abuse, education underachievement

Crime=type of social problem rather than as the product of other social problems

Front 41

How does latent trait theory view propensity & opportunity to commit crime?

Back 41

Propensity- directs behavior, enduring

Opportunity-external force

Front 42

David Farrington concerning factors that predict criminality

Back 42

Having a lot of free time, living in neighborhoods with unguarded homes containing valuable merch and crime prone people

Front 43

legal requirements for the crime of assault

Back 43

doesn't require touch but involves attempted batter or intentionally frightening the victim by word or deed

Front 44

what impact do guns have on crimes of violence?

Back 44

escalate the severity of a crime

Front 45

what triggers workplace violence

Back 45

management- induced injustice

Front 46

what time of year do robberies peak

Back 46

winter

Front 47

What is the relationship between age if a child and risk for infanticide

Back 47

Infanticide is the murder of very young children, 400 kids 4 and younger killed each year