Crim Midterm

Front 1

Horizontal Plea bargaining vs. Vertical

Back 1

H- Fewer number of charges.
V- Less severe charges

Front 2

What affects UCR data?

Back 2

Size of department, level of education of cops, Victim's social class, race, education, Money, department policies, race of victim/social class of offender

Front 3

Spurious factors vs. aggravating/accentuating factors

Back 3

S- Unrelated (ice cream and crime rates)
A- Relate, aggravate/add to

Front 4

Macro vs. Micro differentiation
(Inter vs. Intra crime specificity)

Back 4

Macro/Inter- Different crimes for different reasons
Micro/Intra- Same crime for different reasons

Front 5

What does medicine have that criminology doesn't? (3)

Back 5

Diagnostic instruments, knowledge, modes of treatment.

Front 6

Three errors of criminology

Back 6

Alpha- no one specific cause for all criminal behavior.
Beta- Something's not a cause if it rarely causes it (maybe aggravating)
Type three- We should assume deviance, explain conformity

Front 7

Kohlberg Model (3 levels)

Back 7

1. Fear of punishment (short term)
2. Promise of reward (long term)
3. Altruistic motivation

Front 8

Specific vs. general deterrence

Back 8

S- Punish the individual
G- deter society

Front 9

4 components of deterrence theory

Back 9

Swiftness, certainty (30-50%), severity, clarity

Front 10

Blackstone's Rational Man Theory

Back 10

Cost vs. benefits, we make the decision

Front 11

Certainty Severity Reciprocity Phenomenon

Back 11

Raise the severity of a punishment= decrease frequency, increase bias, vice versa

Front 12

Felony vs. misdemeanor

Back 12

Felony- 1 year+, prison (run by state)
Mis- Under 1 year, jail (run by city/county)

Front 13

Writ of demurrer

Back 13

Argument by defense that client's action was not a crime.

Front 14

Corpus delecti (definition and 3 parts)

Back 14

Elements of a crime. Actus reus (the act), mens rea (the intent), reasonable man test.

Front 15

Levels of mensrea (least to most severe)-

Back 15

General negligence, recklessness, general intent, specific malice, premeditated

Front 16

Required levels of mensrea (3)

Back 16

1st Degree murder- Premeditation
Felony- Specific malice
Misd- General intent
Punitive damages- recklessness
Compensatory damages- gen neg.

Front 17

Reasonable man test

Back 17

Remote, unforeseeable, indirect consequences.

Front 18

3 kinds of homicide

Back 18

Justifiable (defense, court ordered, cops)
Excusable (accident, incapable [children/mentally ill])
Criminal

Front 19

Levels of intent/degree murder

Back 19

1st degree- premeditated
2nd- specific malice
Voluntary manslaughter- general intent
Involuntary manslaughter- recklessness
Statutory manslaughter- general negligence

Front 20

Mandamus vs. injunction

Back 20

M- Court order requiring someone to do something
I- Court order to stop an action

Front 21

Four big street drugs-

Back 21

Marijuana, cocaine/crack, meth, heroine

Front 22

Immanual Kant- To have absolute justice, must have (4)

Back 22

Identify all lawbreakers, apprehend, punish, knowledge of intent

Front 23

Four mistakes of justice

Back 23

Innocent punished, guilty escape punishment, guilty punished more/less than deserve.

Front 24

Efficacy

Back 24

Money, power, position, charm

Front 25

Justice system's three priorities:

Back 25

1. Keep rich rich
2. Ethics
3. Social peace and stability

Front 26

The Foundings:

Back 26

Unfounding- ignore known crimes
Founding- report crimes that would go unreported
Defounding- adjust severity of known offense

Front 27

Intrusion curve

Back 27

Intrusion v. protection

Front 28

Evolutionary cycle of social revolution

Back 28

Crime control v. Due process cycle, too much crime control is too harsh, revolution. Too much DP, too much deviance

Front 29

Extradite

Back 29

Move a person from one government to another (state, country, etc.)

Front 30

Genie coefficient

Back 30

Socioeconomic difference

Front 31

Tipping points

Back 31

Moments in life that completely change the trajectory

Front 32

Criminal justice v. Criminology

Back 32

CJ- Mechanisms used by govt. to prevent/punish crime
C- Science of it, why, how, etc.

Front 33

Father of modern criminology

Back 33

Lumbroso

Front 34

Internal factors of crime

Back 34

Glands, hormones, etc.
Genes- 12 genes
Brain development abnormalities
Neurotransmitters too many/few

Front 35

External factors of crime

Back 35

Toxic materials
Prenatal exposure to chemicals
General nutrition

Front 36

Differential opportunity

Back 36

Keeping up with the Jones, relative depravation

Front 37

Cultural v. Subcultural conflicts

Back 37

C- different cultural acceptability
S- different religions, beliefs competing

Front 38

Time served before parole eligible

Back 38

1/3 of maximum time

Front 39

Youth facts

Back 39

Less than 25 do more crimes- youth bulge means more violence
Desistance- 25+ cease and desist crimes

Front 40

Bare branches

Back 40

More male youth than female causes increase in violence

Front 41

Displacement

Back 41

Crack down in one area, they´ll do crime elsewhere or switch crimes

Front 42

Insanity test

Back 42

Lack capacity to appreciate wrongfulness of act

Front 43

Free v. guilty by insanity

Back 43

F- Health and Human Services follows up, requires meds, etc
G- Regional center, prison when sane?

Front 44

Differences between crim and civil court

Back 44

Crim- Beyond reasonable doubt, prosecutor, penalty/punishment, unanimous jury, few/no appeals, higher mens rae
Civil- Proponderance, plaintiff, money/tangible asset, no unanimous jury required, appeals, lower mens rae