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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What type of drug is aspirin |
NSAID and anti-platelet which route is |
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How is aspirin taken? |
Enteral
Small amount transmucosally if chewed |
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What are the pharmacokinetics of aspirin? |
Absorbed into bloodstream via go tract Distributed via blood to tissues and targets platelets |
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Where is aspirin metabolised? |
Liver and excreted by kidneys |
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What medical emergencies can aspirin be used for name two? |
Myocardial infarction Severe angina attack |
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Dose of aspirin needed to treat medical emergency emergency and how? |
300mg chewed |
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What is the mechanism of action of aspirin |
Anti-platelet activity occurs when it blocks synthesis of thromboxane A2(made by platelets) by inhibiting , COX 1.
Decreases platelet aggregation and allows smooth flow of blood preventing clots.
Anti inflammatory and analgesic properties minor in MI
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What type of drug is adrenaline |
Sympathomimetic amine drug |
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How is adrenaline packaged for Medical emergency? |
Epipen delivery or syringe and needle
Adult and child doses. |
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What is route of admin for adrenaline? |
Parenteral/IM or IV paramedics |
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What are pharmacokinetics of adrenaline |
Absorbed into bloodstream rapidly
Distributed widely to act on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors of smooth muscle |
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What Med emergencies is adrenaline used for |
Anaphylaxis Severe asthma attack Cardiac arrest |
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Dose required of adrenaline in syringe and needle form for Med emergency |
300mcg adults repeated after 15 minutes 150mcg child
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Dose of adrenaline delivered in Epipen |
Adult. 500mcg IM Child 6-12 300mcg Child under 6 150mcg |
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Mechanism of action of adrenaline? |
Activates alpha adrenoceptors causing vasoconstriction increasing peripheral resistance and bp
Activates beta adrenoreceptors causing increased heart rate and force of contraction |
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What type of drug is glucagon? |
Synthetic hormone |
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How is glucagon packaged or stored? |
Needle and syringe |
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Route of admin for glucagon |
Parenteral subcutaneous |
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Pharmacokinetics of glucagon |
Absorbed into bloodstream Distributed via blood to liver cells |
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What Med emergency is glucagon used for? |
Hypoglycaemia (severe) patient lost consciousness or is losing consciousness. |
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Dose of glucagon for med emergency |
1mg adult or child over 20kg 0.5mg for child under 20kg |
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Mechanism of action for glucagon? |
Actions on liver cells by binding to glycogen receptors and causes conversion of glycogen into glucose. Also synthesises glucose from fats. |
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What is the conversion of glycogen to glucose called? |
Glycogenolysis |
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What is the conversion of fats to glucose called ? |
Gluconeogenesis |
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What type of drug is midazolam |
Benzodiazepine |
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Route is admin for midazolam |
Eneteral - transmucosal dropped in all four corners buccal sulcus as well as oral |
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What med emergencies is midazolam used for |
Epileptic seizures only prolonged fits or unusually long for that patient.
Those in status epilepticus |
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Dose required to treat med emergency with midazolam |
10 mg adults and child over 10 Children 5-10. 7.5mg Children 1-5. 5 mg |
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Mechanism of action of midazolam |
Potentatiates the actions of gaba an inhibitory neurotransmitters in brain.
Neurones fire less frequently causing hypnotic effect anxiolytic effects and Enti epileptic effect required. |
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What type of drug is GTN |
Anti-anginal |
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Route of admin GTN |
Sublingual/transmucosal |
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Pharmacokinetics of GTN |
Absorbed via mucosa onset 1-3mins Distributed widely to smooth muscle of all vessels via blood |
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Med emergencies drug used for |
Angina Mi |
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Dose required of GTN to treat Med emergency |
400mcg |
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Mechanism of action of GTN |
Dilation of coronary arteries. Nitrates become nitrous oxide relaxes smooth muscle of vessel walls. Decreases resistance in vessels allowing blood to flow freely and decreases heart workload. |
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What type of drug is salbutamol |
Bronchodilator Beta 2 receptor agonist |
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Route of admin for salbutamol |
Inhalation |
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Pharmacokinetics of salbutamol |
Absorbed via the lungs and via gi tract if swallowed Distributed directly to smooth muscle of bronchial walls |
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Which med emergency is salbutamol used for |
Asthma attack Anaphylaxis MI and sometimes angina for comfort |
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Dose needed to treat med emergency |
2 x 100mcg puffs |
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Mechanism of action of salbutamol |
Binds to beta 2 receptors In lungs within smooth muscle walls of bronchioles, causes relaxation of muscles giving bronchodilation effects
Little to no effect on heart |
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Other equipment that may be needed to take salbutamol besides inhaler |
Spacer especially for children |