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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is this?
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Heart tunic
1. Epicardium 2. Vessel (V) 3. Atrial chamber (AC) 4. Endocardium |
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Describe the tunics of the heart and tunica names for blood vessels
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Mesodermal germ layers
• Continuity of 3 layers (tunics) • Blood vessels: 1. Tunica Intima (endothelium) 2. Tunica Media (Smooth muscle) 3. Tunica Adventitia (connective tissue) • Heart: 1. Endocardium (endothelium) 2. Myocardium (Cardiac muscle) 3. Epicardium (Connective tissue) |
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What is this and black arrows on top left pointing to?
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endocardium
top left endothelium |
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What is this?
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endocardium
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What is this and label the points
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slide of heart
1. purkinje fibers in subendocardial layer 2. myocardium 3. endocardium |
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what type of fibers?
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1. purkinje fibers
2. myocardium |
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What type of slide?
What causes the paleness? |
purkinje fibers, longitudinal
paleness caused by large stores of lipid and glycogen in perinuclear region |
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Label parts...
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a. endothelium
b. endocardium c. purkinje fibers d. ventricular myocardium |
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Label parts
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a. purkinje fibers
b. contractile myocardium |
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LAbel parts
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1. purkinje fibers
2. myofibrils 3. contractile myocardium |
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Label parts... also when is B thicker than A?
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Endocardium atrium
a. myocardium b. endocardium B is thicker in the atria but not in the ventricles. Muscle is thicker in ventricles |
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What are we looking at
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endocardium- ventricle
1. endocardium 2. myocardiium |
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What is this and explain what each color represents within its structure
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CARDIAC MUSCLE CELL STRUCTURE includes
• T-tubule system (green) – at z lines – 1 t-tubule + 1 SR (yellow) cisterna = dyad Magenta= mitochondria |
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What is this and what do the letters represent?
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Cardiac muscle cell
- D= dyad formed by 1 t-tubule and 1 terminal cistera of SR |
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Label the parts of this and explain the roles of each...
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1. Zonula adherens- anchoring sites for actin filaments of terminal sacromeres- a-actinin main binding protein
2. Macula adherens (desmosome)- binds cells together to prevent separation during contraction - has desmin and vimentin intermediate filaments 3. gap junctions- along lateral portion of membranes of epithelial cells - makes "connexon" between cells - important for cellular communication |
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What is this showing? Also what is M, N, and G
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Atrial myocardium
N= nucleus M= myofibrils G= atrial specific granules |
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Describe the aspects of the impulse conduction system of myocardium... also what is 1-5?
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specialized cardiac muscle fibers
– Modified to conduct electrochemical impulses that Enable atria & ventricles to contract in succession and is intrinsic regulation of heart rate 1. Sinoatrial node 2. Atrioventricular node 3. Bundle branches 4. atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) 5. Purkinje fibers |
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What is this?
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mostly myocardium
1 = SA node |
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Describe what this is and the components
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EPICARDIUM (Visceral pericardium)- responsible for protection of coronary arteries (i.e. endothelial lining and smooth muscle)
1) mesothelium: epithelium lining the walls & contents of the closed cavities of the body (i.e. thoracic, pericardial & abdominal cavities). • 2) fibroelastic CT with nerves, blood vessels, fat (variable amounts) F= adipose tissue |
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What are the roles of the Cardiac skeleton (fibrous skeleton)
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CARDIAC SKELETON
(FIBROUS SKELETON) • Roles: – Keeps valves patent – attachments for leaflets and cusps of valves – attachment for myocardium – electrical “insulator” separating atrial and ventricular conduction |
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Describe the role of each of these sections of cardiac skeleton...
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Annuli (l., Ring) Fibrosae:
- Has 4 rings that surround valve openings • Trigona (L., Triangle) Fibrosae: – 2 triangular masses connected to the annuli fibrosae • Septum membranaceum (SM): – Dense fibrous plate that forms membranous parts of interatrial and interventricular septa |
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describe the structure of the heart valve
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1. Endothelial covering
2. Fibrosa- dense circumferential collagen fibers 3. Spongiosa- collagen, elastin, PGs, and mucopollysaccharides, bind to water and give it gelatinous texture 4. Chamber side elastin |
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Compare AV valve histology to Semilunar valve
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AV- chordae tendineae, thin endocardium covering,
Semilunar- folds of endocardium and lined by endothelium... core has collagen and leastic fibers, contiuous and anchored with annuli fibrosae |
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What do the following terms mean in relation to heart valve problems?
a. stenosis b. regurgitation |
a. problems opening- could be due to:
i. calcium deposits or scarring which makes blood go through smaller opening b. problems closing- could be loose or stretched, heart must work harder to repump blood through heart |
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1. What are the 2 components of the circulatory system?
2. How many tunics make up the heart? 4. Which heart tunic is homologous to the tunica media of blood vessels? 5. Which tunic contains coronary vessels? 6. What anchors cardiac muscle cells? |
1. - cardiovascular and lympatic
2. - 3 4. - myocardium 5. - epicardium 6. - fibrous rings |
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10. What are the step-like junctions between cardiac muscles cells called?
11. Which organelle is particularly abundant in cardiac muscle cells? 12. Which layer of the pericardium makes up the epicardium? 13. Which structure keeps the AV and semilunar valves patent and from being overly distended? 14. The heart’s intrinsic conduction system is formed from what type of cells? |
10. -intercalated disks
11. -myocardium 12. -visceral pericardium 13. - fibrous rings 14. -modified cardiac myocytes |
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• The pale staining cells as indicated by the
arrows in the photomicrograph image can be best described as what cells? • A. macrophage • B. autonomic ganglia • C. dorsal root ganglia • D. Purkinje fibers |
D
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The generation of impulses in the normal heart is the responsibility of which of the following components?
• A. AV Node • B. AV fiber bundles of His • C. Purkinje fibers • D. Sympathetic fibers • E. SA Node |
E
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Which one of the following statements concerning the myocardium is true?
• A. The myocardium of the ventricles is substantially thicker than that of the atria because of the large amount of cardiac muscle in the walls of the two pumping chambers • B. The myocardium consists of a layer of mesothelium and its underlying connective tissue • C. The blood vessels and the nerves supplying the heart lie in this layer, and are surrounded by the adipose tissue • D. it consists of an inner layer of endothlium and subendothlial connective tissue, a middle layer of connective tissue and smooth muscle cells, and a deeper layer of connective tissue. |
A
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The tricuspid valve is located between …
• A. right atrium and right ventricle • B. left atrium and left ventricle • C. left ventricle and aorta • D. right ventricle and pulmonary artery • E. pulmonary vein and left atrium |
A
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Which one of the following statements concerning epicardium is true?
• A. it is continuous with the endocardium • B. it is the visceral pericardium • C. it possesses modified cardiac muscle cells • D. it functions to increase intraventricular pressure • E. it contains the impulse conducting system of the heart |
B
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Valves of the heart consist of leaflets composed of what tissues?
• A. dense collagenous CT and elastic fibers covered by endothelium • B. elastic CT covered by endothelium • C. dense collagenous CT covered by endothelium • D. elastic cartilage covered by endothelium • E. fibromuscular tissue and elastic fibers covered by endothelium |
a
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The tissue illustrated in the photomicrograph is best identified as what?
• A. skeletal muscle in cross section • B. smooth muscle in cross section • C. cardiac muscle in cross section • D. cardiac muscle in longitudinal section • E. skeletal muscle in longitudinal section |
C
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