Cpt. 9 Science Test: Blount, Grade 5

Front 1

What are the 3 rapid processes that change the earth?

Back 1

Volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides

Front 2

What are the 4 slow processes that change the earth?

Back 2

Mechanical weathering, chemical weathering, erosion, deposition.

Front 3

Earth has ______ layers. Name and describe each one.

Back 3

4

crust-outside layer, thinnest layer

mantle-below the crust, thickest layer, rock

outer core-liquid; inner core-solid

Front 4

The top part of the mantle and Earth's crust.

Back 4

lithosphere

Front 5

Back 5

Outer layer-crust, next layer-mantle, 3rd layer-outer core, inside layer-inner core

Front 6

Changes to the Earth's surface may be _______ or _______.

Back 6

slow, rapid

Front 7

builds new features on Earth's surface; example-such as _____ _______

Back 7

constructive processes; new mountains

Front 8

wear away or tear down of the Earth's surface. Example: _________

Back 8

destructive processes; earthquakes

Front 9

a section of the lithosphere

Back 9

plate

Front 10

edges of plates, where plates meet

Back 10

plate boundaries

Front 11

The ______ covers Earth like a thin, cracked shell. It is made of _______.

Back 11

lithosphere, plates

Front 12

Earth's plates _____ move. They may _____, ____ ____, or ____ _____ each other in ____ _____.

Back 12

slowly, collide, move apart, move past, opposite directions

Front 13

Earthquakes and volcanoes are caused by ____ ______.

Back 13

colliding plates

Front 14

deep cracks in Earth's crust where the surrounding rock has moved or shifted. Most earthquakes occur at ______ along ___ ______.

Back 14

fault, faults, plate boundaries

Front 15

place where the plates start to slip

Back 15

focus

Front 16

place on Earth's surface above a focus

Back 16

epicenter

Front 17

Earthquakes may cause ______.

Back 17

landslides

Front 18

downhill movement of large masses of rock and soil

Back 18

landslides

Front 19

Most volcanoes form near colliding _____ ____. As plates move, rock partly _____ and forms ____ , and is sometimes forced to the surface through a _____ spot in the crust.

Back 19

plate boundaries, melts, magma, weak

Front 20

Volcanoes can be a constructive force when they form ____ ______.

Back 20

volcanic islands

Front 21

a slow process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces called sediments

Back 21

weathering

Front 22

breaking rock into smaller pieces by forces such as gravity, ice, and plant roots. Ex: ___ _____

Back 22

mechanical weathering, ice wedging

Front 23

water freezes in the cracks of rocks, splitting the rock

Back 23

ice wedging

Front 24

changing materials in a rock by chemical processes. example: drops of rain absorb ______ from the air forming _____ _____ which can slowly dissolves some types of rocks.

Back 24

chemical weathering, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid

Front 25

Weathering helps make _______, which is a mixture of ______ from weathered rocks, ___ ___, ____ ___ ____ and _____

Back 25

soil, sediments, decayed material, gases from air, water

Front 26

Name the 3 layers of soil and describe.

Back 26

1. top soil-largest amount of decayed material, which helps plants grow

2. subsoil-many minerals, less decayed material

3. bedrock-almost solid rock

Front 27

movement of materials away from a place

Back 27

erosion

Front 28

Give an example of a destructive process.

Back 28

landslides

Front 29

winds blow away topsoil from a plowed field, farmers try to prevent this by planting rows of trees (natural barriers) along the edges of fields to block some of the wind.

Back 29

field erosion

Front 30

____ and _____ can form because some areas along the shoreline erode more quickly than others.

Back 30

harbors , inlets

Front 31

placing materials in a new place

Back 31

deposition

Front 32

Give an example of a constructive process.

Back 32

Sand dunes.

Front 33

Rocks are classified by the manner in which they are _______.

Back 33

formed

Front 34

forms when magma (melted rock) cools and hardens . _____ form as the rock cools.

Back 34

igneous rocks, crystals

Front 35

forms when layers of rock particles and other materials settle and are pressed together and harden over time.

Back 35

sedimentary rock

Front 36

forms where rocks are heated and squeezed at very high temperatures

Back 36

metamorphic rock

Front 37

Rock changes from one type of rock to another in the ____ ______.

Back 37

rock cycle

Front 38

Heat and pressure change ____ rock into _____ rock.

Cooling can change ____ rocks into ____ rocks.

Weathering can change ___ or _____ rocks into ____ rocks.

Back 38

igneous, metamorphic

metamorphic, igneous

metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary