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44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Periobital edema
Where edema due renal failure first manifests
Loss of the lateral 1/3 eyebrows
Hypothyroidism, Leprosy, or Myxedema
Shine the penlight at the eyes directly from about two feet:

Reflection should be in the nasal field of each eye --> If it is not
extraocular muscle dysfunction
Eyelids

If lowered then ptosis
Horner’s syndrome
Eyelids

Exopthalamos
hyperthyroidism
Periobital edema
Where edema due renal failure first manifests
Loss of the lateral 1/3 eyebrows
Hypothyroidism, Leprosy, or Myxedema
Shine the penlight at the eyes directly from about two feet:

Reflection should be in the nasal field of each eye --> If it is not
extraocular muscle dysfunction
Eyelids

If lowered then ptosis
Horner’s syndrome
Eyelids

Exopthalamos
hyperthyroidism
Periobital edema
Where edema due renal failure first manifests
Loss of the lateral 1/3 eyebrows
Hypothyroidism, Leprosy, or Myxedema
Shine the penlight at the eyes directly from about two feet:

Reflection should be in the nasal field of each eye --> If it is not
extraocular muscle dysfunction
Eyelids

If lowered then ptosis
Horner’s syndrome
Eyelids

Exopthalamos
hyperthyroidism
Eye lids

Can't close
Facial nerve palsy
Eye lids

Can't open
CN III nerve palsy
Conjuctiva

Color: If excessively pale
anemia
Cornea

Arcus senilis
Should always indicate to the physician the need to explore the possibility of alcoholism, particularly when it is detected in males under the age of 60
Increased iris vascularity
diabetes
Argyll-Robertson Pupil: Irregular pupils bilaterally, React to near reaction but not light -->
syphilis & diabetes
Bilateral dilated pupil -->
Brain damage, Anti-cholinergic poisoning
Small fixed pupils -->
Pontine hemorrhage, Opiate poisoning
Pupils

narrow angles
glaucoma [increased fluid in anterior chamber due it increased aqueous humor production or impaired drainage]
Lateral deviation, Ptosis, Dilated pupil
Occulomotor nerve [CN IV] palsy
Inability to look down
Trochlear nerve [CN IV] palsy
Medial deviation of the eyeball
Abducens nerve [CN VI] palsy
Nystagmus

horizontal
Cerebellar lesion, Brain stem lesion, Drugs [e.g. ethanol & phenytoin]
Nystagmus

Vertical
From inner ear, Vestibular disease, Brainstem disease, PCP
Retinal examination

If absent the RED REFLEX in the pupil of the patient's eyes
cataract, corneal scarring, retinoblastoma
Inability to look down
Trochlear nerve [CN IV] palsy
Medial deviation of the eyeball
Abducens nerve [CN VI] palsy
Nystagmus

horizontal
Cerebellar lesion, Brain stem lesion, Drugs [e.g. ethanol & phenytoin]
Nystagmus

Vertical
From inner ear, Vestibular disease, Brainstem disease, PCP
Retinal examination

If absent the RED REFLEX in the pupil of the patient's eyes
cataract, corneal scarring, retinoblastoma
a hole in one of the structures of the eye, such as the lens, eyelid, iris, retina, choroid or optic disc. Present from birth. A coloboma can occur in one or both eyes
colobama
Look like specks of yellowish material under the retina. They are deposits of extracellular material that accumulate between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). A few small drusen normally form in the human eye, usually after age 40
Drusen
Involving loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern of optic neuropathy. Although raised intraocular pressure is a significant risk factor for developing glaucoma, there is no set threshold for intraocular pressure that causes glaucoma
Glaucoma
Involving loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern of optic neuropathy. Although raised intraocular pressure is a significant risk factor for developing glaucoma, there is no set threshold for intraocular pressure that causes glaucoma
Glaucoma
4 stages of Hypertensive retinopathy
1st stage: Copper wiring, Silver wiring
2nd stage: Areterioveinous nicking
3rd stage: Hemorrhages [flame shaped], Exudates that are hard or soft [cotton wool]
4th stage: Papilledema & Hemorrhages [flame shaped]
4 stages of Hypertensive retinopathy
1st stage: Copper wiring, Silver wiring
2nd stage: Areterioveinous nicking
3rd stage: Hemorrhages [flame shaped], Exudates that are hard or soft [cotton wool]
4th stage: Papilledema & Hemorrhages [flame shaped]
Roth's spots: Retinal hemorrhages w/ white or pale centers of coagulated fibrin -->
Bacterial endocarditis
Disk is pink instead of white, Disc vessels are more visible, more numerous & curve over the borders of the disk, Disk is swollen w/ blurred margins
Papilledema: Is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure
Diabetic retinopathy
Hemorrhages [dot/blot], Microaneurysms, Exudates [hard/waxy, Neovascularization