Cp Government Final Exam Review

Front 1

Where does the Federal budget originate?

Back 1

In the White House

Front 2

Where is the federal budget actually developed?

Back 2

In the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

Front 3

What do Theodore Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Gerald Ford all have in common?

Back 3

They are all Presidents whose first terms were the result of succession rather than election

Front 4

Why was President Johnson eligible to run for re-election in 1968?

Back 4

Because although he had served the remainder of President Kennedy's term under the principle of succession, Johnson would not have served more than the ten year total allowed under the Twenty-Second Amendment

Front 5

Under what terms can the president undertake specific actions relating to foreign affairs that do not require the ultimate approval of Congress?

Back 5

By entering into executive agreements that typically expand on existing laws or treaties

Front 6

What was the Supreme Court's ruling in University of California Board of Regents v. Bakke?

Back 6

It held that affirmative action programs were legal, but that race and gender could not be the only factors taken into account.

Front 7

What is the name of the special bill that Congress can pass that temporarily authorizes payments in the manner in which they had been made in the previous fiscal year?

Back 7

A continuance or continuing resolution

Front 8

Edit
Marks: 1
Henry Kissinger and Madeline Albright both served as Secretary of State. Why were they also both ineligible to become president under the Presidential Succession Act of 1947?

Back 8

Because they were not natural born citizens of the United States.

Front 9

What happens during a presidential impeachment process?

Back 9

The Senate serves as jury, determining the president's guilt or innocence.

Front 10

What event led to the passing of the Twenty-Second Amendment?

Back 10

Franklin Roosevelt's four terms as president

Front 11

What is one example of a regulatory agency?

Back 11

The Environmental Protection Agency.

Front 12

What do the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have in common?

Back 12

They are both executive agencies that carry out vital national functions that are not part of the cabinet.

Front 13

Has every US President had a Cabinet? If yes, how have they varied?

Back 13

Yes...but they have varied in importance.

Front 14

What are the United States Postal Service, the TVA, and the FDIC all examples of?

Back 14

Government corporations

Front 15

Is The War Powers Act (1973) an example of legislative restraint on bureaucratic authority? Yes or No

Back 15

No

Front 16

What is the role of the White House Chief of Staff?

Back 16

He is the highest-ranking, but not necessarily the most powerful, member of the White House staff.

Front 17

By what means can a presidential administration "test a policy"?

Back 17

They can conduct a poll immediately after a "leak" or a "trial balloon".

Front 18

Under what circumstances is a cabinet member considered to have "gone native"?

Back 18

When the cabinet member is pursuing the interest's of his or her department rather than the president's agenda.

Front 19

What agency, designed to promote and to protect the public interest, is now defunct?

Back 19

The Interstate Commerce Commission

Front 20

What was the significance of the Supreme Court's ruling in Stenberg v. Carhart (2000)?

Back 20

It reinforced the Court's ruling in Roe v. Wade but also illustrated the continuing controversy over abortion and a woman's right to choose.

Front 21

What act was passed as a result of an overuse of power by President Johnson in the Vietnam War?

Back 21

The War Powers Act

Front 22

What is the most common way in which a current president can be involved directly with judicial matters?

Back 22

Through the use of clemency, reprieve, and pardon.

Front 23

How long does the 'honeymoon' period" for a President generally last?

Back 23

100 days

Front 24

What Act helped the federal government to address the problems inherent in political patronage or the "spoils system"?

Back 24

The Pendleton Act

Front 25

What are "Iron triangles," or subgovernments?

Back 25

They are coalitions created by the unification of a federal agency, a congressional committee or sub-committee regulating that agency, and an interest group.

Front 26

Chief Justice John Marshall's now famous declaration, "the power to tax is the power to destroy," was one of the foundations for the Supreme Court's ruling in which case?

Back 26

McColloch v. Maryland

Front 27

On what do proponents of strict construction of the U.S. Constitution rely most heavily?

Back 27

The alleged original intent of the founders and Alexander Hamilton's contributions to The Federalist Papers.

Front 28

The "free exercise clause" in the U.S. Constitution requires what?

Back 28

The government to respect and to permit all religious ceremonies activities provided they do not violate the law

Front 29

Elements of the Sedition Act were revived during World War One, prompting the Court to develop the "clear and present danger" test as outlined in what court case?

Back 29

Schenck v. United States

Front 30

What was the ruling in Miranda v. Arizona?

Back 30

A person must be informed of their rights before any confession they might give is admissible in court

Front 31

What were the rulings in both Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)?

Back 31

Ruled that an accused has an undeniable right to counsel

Front 32

Freedom of the press affords journalists great freedom and is a guarantee that information will be made readily available to the public. In some instances, however, private citizens or government officials may argue that the press has grossly misrepresented them, or their issue, in an article or news show. However, the burden of proof requires that the plaintiff in a libel trial must show what?

Back 32

That the information was published or presented with "actual malice," or the intent to do harm

Front 33

What do James Madison and Thomas Jefferson have in common?

Back 33

Foundations of the establishment clause

Front 34

What was the "Pentagon Papers" case about?

Back 34

It limited the government's use of prior restraint and national security as a means of restricting freedom of the press

Front 35

What was the Star Chamber?

Back 35

An organization in England that instituted its own searches and confiscated property if found suspect

Front 36

Why did the Federalists argued against the inclusion of a Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution in the 1780's?

Back 36

Because the Constitution adequately limited governmental powers and therefore a Bill of Rights was unnecessary.

Front 37

What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Everson v. Board Education of Ewing Township (1947)?

Back 37

It allowed some public support for some aspects of religious education.

Front 38

What did the Fifteenth Amendment to U.S. Constitution do?

Back 38

It prohibited states from denying anyone the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

Front 39

In the Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) the Supreme Court drew a distinction between what two things?

Back 39

National citizenship and state citizenship

Front 40

What were some tactics used to disenfranchise African Americans after the Civil War?

Back 40

Poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses

Front 41

Which Supreme Court decision helped end the "separate but equal" doctrine in professional schools and helped pave the way to the Court's later decision in Brown?

Back 41

Sweatt v. Painter

Front 42

What was the result of President Harry S. Truman's support for civil rights and inclusion of a civil rights plank in the Democratic Party's National platform?

Back 42

It split the Democratic Party, leading to the formation of the "Dixiecrats"

Front 43

What is the basis for the Fourth Amendment?

Back 43

Evidence obtained in an illegal search cannot be used in court (the exclusionary rule)

Front 44

The rules surrounding the use and methods associated with the death penalty are.......

Back 44

Left up to each individual state and subsequently vary from state to state

Front 45

Both Bill Clinton and George W. Bush have employed what approach to presidential leadership and management?

Back 45

The ad hoc structure

Front 46

What is the result of the "time-zone" effect of media coverage and announcements of early election results in the eastern United States?

Back 46

Exit polls are affected in the Western US.

Front 47

How does each party in a U.S. Supreme Court case present it's case?

Back 47

In the form of a brief

Front 48

Who is Senate confirmation is required for?

Back 48

Nominees to the Supreme Court including nominees for chief justice, even if the nominee is a currently serving justice

Front 49

Although the U.S. Supreme Court has been instrumental in advancing civil rights and furthering protections for the accused, the court has obstructed executive actions and legislative agendas. Specifically, the Supreme Court blocked several components of what?

Back 49

The New Deal

Front 50

What is one of the concerns of civil libertarians with regard to the Patriot Act of 2001?

Back 50

Privacy rights of individuals will be compromised in the interest of national security

Front 51

What is the selective incorporation, or the incorporation doctrine?

Back 51

It essentially nationalized the Bill of Rights and prohibited states from passing laws that could inhibit the rights of citizens.

Front 52

In what circumstance can a citizen sue the U.S. government?

Back 52

Only with congressional approval in claim court

Front 53

The so-called "wall of separation" refers to the relationship between the government and citizens pertaining to what?

Back 53

Religion

Front 54

Marbury v. Madison established what principle?

Back 54

Judicial review

Front 55

True or False: A per curium opinion supports a court decision in cases when the court decides not to reveal the actual votes for and against a decision

Back 55

False

Front 56

True or False: A concurring opinion supports the majority decision but indicates a different rationale for the votes of one or more judges

Back 56

True

Front 57

True or False: In some cases, the Court issues a decision without any opinion

Back 57

True

Front 58

True or False: Supreme Court Justices who strongly disagree with the Court's majority opinion may issue a per curium brief, detailing reasons why the case should be appealed

Back 58

True

Front 59

The Miller v. California (1973) decision supported previous Court rulings that have placed limits on free speech, by allowing which of the following to determine whether certain forms of speech are obscene or pornographic?

Back 59

Local communities

Front 60

Conflicts arising from varying interpretations of the First Amendment protections concerning religion, particularly with regard to the "free exercise clause".......

Back 60

Typically are settled in the federal court system