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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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One of the reasons for the life style assessment phase of Adlerian Therapy is to determine the client’s
a. ordinal position in the family. b. social position in the family. c. genetic endowment from the family, including pathological predispositions. d. psychological positions in the family. e. All of the foregoing. |
d. psychological positions in the family.
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In Person-Centered counseling, when the counselor accurately senses the client’s feeling and personal meaning, the counselor is displaying
a. empathy b. congruence c. genuineness d. realness e. concreteness |
a. empathy
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Which of the following best describes the Person-Centered counselor?
a. Directive, frustrating, empathic, rehearsing. b. Non-directive, experimental, rehearsing, cognitive. c. Directive-reflective, active, experiential. d. Non-directive. experiential, reflective, passive. e. Unconditional positive regard, confrontive, empathic, cognitive |
d. Non-directive. experiential, reflective, passive.
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When the Person-Centered counselor is fully oneself, spontaneous and role-free in all therapeutic relationships, the counselor is displaying
a. concreteness b. empathy c. acceptance d. affect e. geuineness |
e. geuineness
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Main conditions foe a psychological growth promoting climate in the Person-
Centered approach is a. concreteness b. empathy c. acceptance d. affect e. genuineness |
e. genuineness
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Which of the following is a major concept of Person-Centered therapy?
a. actualizing tendency b. synthesis c. involvement d. unfinished business e. all of the foregoing |
a. actualizing tendency
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In Jungian terms, transference is
a. sexual in nature b. a symbol of social bonding c. of little consequences in therapy d. a projection onto a mother/father figure e. both a and d |
b. a symbol of social bonding
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The basic assumption underlying the Person-Centered approach is
a. that people are prone to faulty thinking b. that people need expert guidance to become self-actualized c. that people need to have counseling to be a structured learning experience d. that people are in a state of existential despair e. none of the foregoing |
e. none of the foregoing
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The Person-Centered approach is a form of ________therapy.
a. neo-analytic b. cognitive c. rational d. actualization e. humanistic |
e. humanistic
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A basic goal of the Person-Centered approach is
a. to provide a climate of safety and freedom. b. to provide for ways of having irrational thoughts confronted. c. to get clients to accept reality and commit to change. d. to remove learned, maladaptive behavior e. to provide dynamic insight into causes of maladaptive behavior. |
a. to provide a climate of safety and freedom.
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Which of the following techniques would be most emphasized in Person-Centered therapy?
a. to provide a climate of safety and freedom b. to provide for ways of having irrational thoughts confronted c. to get clients to accept reality and commit to change d. to remove learned, maladaptive behavior e. to provide dynamic insight into causes of maladaptive behavior |
a. to provide a climate of safety and freedom
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The “here and now” orientation of Gestalt therapy refers to
a. experiential learning. b. polar opposites. c. actual, present behavior d. shared decision making e. enactment |
c. actual, present behavior
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In Gestalt therapy, situation that are unresolved and are forced into the client’s background that continue to influence his/her present behavior are
a. unfinished business b. regressive complexes c. polarities d. finished Gestalts e. enactment |
a. unfinished business
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Which of the following techniques would be most emphasized in Person-Centered therapy?
a. to provide a climate of safety and freedom b. to provide for ways of having irrational thoughts confronted c. to get clients to accept reality and commit to change d. to remove learned, maladaptive behavior e. to provide dynamic insight into causes of maladaptive behavior |
a. to provide a climate of safety and freedom
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Gestalt therapy is based on ______behavior.
a. past b. present c. future d. social e. existential |
b. present
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Enactment is a strategy Gestaltists use with
a. bi-polar role play b. redecision c. flooding d. paradoxical intention e. script ananysis |
a. bi-polar role play
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As a Gestalt therapist, what would you do when a client wanted to discuss a past event?
a. Deal with the event as if it were in the present b. Analyze its symbolic meaning c. Refuse to discuss it d. Plot a behavioral strategy to deal with it e. Determine the consequence of it as if it applies to current functioning. |
a. Deal with the event as if it were in the present
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The concept of figure-ground in Gestalt therapy can best be understood by which of the following?
a. catharsis b. enactment c. unfinished business d. regression e. bi-polarity |
c. unfinished business
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. According to Perls, although the individual and the environment are separate, the process of interaction between them cannot be split. This describes the Gestaslt concept[ of
a. holism b. figure-ground c. homeostasis d. bi-polarity e. closure |
a. holism
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From which major approach to psychotherapy were most other approaches developed or evolved?
a. Psychoanalytic b. Behavioral c. Person-Centered d. Adlerian e. Reality |
a. Psychoanalytic
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Family constellation and family dynamics, early childhood memories, birth order, and past and present ecological factors are important data in ____theory.
a. Transactional Analysis b. Adlerian c. Psychoanalytic d. Jungian e. Gestalt |
b. Adlerian
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A technique call “spitting in the soup” of the client would most likely be used by a therapist employing______theory.
a. Adlerian b. Rational-Emotive c. Jungian d. Gestalt e. Psychoanalytic |
a. Adlerian
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For client who came from a culture that placed a great deal of wmphasis upon spiritual aspects of living and problem-solving________therapy would probably be helpful.
a. Adlerian b. Jungian c. Gestalt d. Eclectic e. Person-Centered |
b. Jungian
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The concepts of figure-ground, polarities, and contact are identified with _____therapy.
a. Trait-Factor b. Gestalt c. Transactional Analysis d. Jungian e. Reality |
b. Gestalt
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The principle of, “awareness as curative” is an essential tenet in _____therapy.
a. Psychoanalytic b. T.A. c. Gestalt d. Adlerian e. Jungian |
c. Gestalt
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Unconsciously diverting illict instinctual impulses to socially accepted outlets is called
a. projection b. reaction formation c. displacement d. sublimation |
d. sublimation
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Focusing psychic energy on substitute or available objects.
a. displacement b. projection c. reaction formation d. sublimation |
a. displacement
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The most basic defense mechanism in Freudian theory is
a. displacement b. projection c. reaction formation d. sublimation |
b. projection
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A counselor refuses to listen to a client’s explanation as to why the client was unable to carry out plans made in their previous sessions. This counselor is most likely practicing
a. Transactional analysis b. Person-centered therapy c. Rational emotive therapy d. Reality therapy |
d. Reality therapy
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What clearly distinguishes behavior therapy for other approaches is
a. the therapist functions as a teacher or trainer b. it is based on the scientific method c. it utilizes homework assignments and contracts d. it is more cost-effective |
b. it is based on the scientific method
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According to Jung, the aim of therapy is to help the client
a. move toward self-actualization b. move from environment support to self support c. move toward greater self-realization d. move toward self-denial |
c. move toward greater self-realization
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In Rogers’ approach to therapy
a. the person is given unconditional positive regard b. the therapist is non-directive c. direction is given by the therapist d. all but “c” are correct |
d. all but “c” are correct
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When Adler spoke of individuality, he referred to
a. the unique way we rewrite our own life script b. the unique way we deal with the crises of development c. the unique way we confront our unfinished business d. the unique way we develop our own style of life |
d. the unique way we develop our own style of life
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In Adler’s theory, an innate sense of kinship with humanity is called
a. Compensation b. Style of life c. Social interest d. Striving for superiority |
c. Social interest
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According to Adler, the ultimate goal in life is
a. Superiority b. Style of life c. Fictional finalism d. Homoeostasis |
a. Superiority
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Adler’s theory of personality is called
a. personology theory b. psychoanalytic psychology c. analytical psychology d. individual psychology |
d. individual psychology
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In Gestalt therapy, people are motivated by
a. striving to maintain balance b. drives and urges c. social interest d. unfinished business |
a. striving to maintain balance
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Multimodal therapy is closely associated with
a. Glasser b. Lazarus c. Parsons d. Carkhuff |
b. Lazarus
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Gestalt therapy involves
a. confronting discrepancies b. focusing on avoiding of responsibility c. clarifying unfinished business d. taking responsibility for one’s actions |
d. taking responsibility for one’s actions
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A major goal of reality therapy is
a. awareness in the here-and-now b. eliminating neurotic anxiety c. eliminating irrational thoughts d. taking responsibility for one’s actions |
d. taking responsibility for one’s actions
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A new step-father really does not like his wife’s son, although he would not admit it to himself. He makes a special effort to be interested in the boy’s activities and to act loving toward him. The defense mechanism the step-father is using is
a. sublimation b. reaction formation c. projection d. displacement |
b. reaction formation
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When a client seems to be lonely, undisciplined, self critical, irrational, and has little or nothing to look forward to, a reality therapist would belirve that this person had developed
a. a severe form of depression b. freedom to make choices c. a poor life position d. a failure identity |
d. a failure identity
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The multimodal orientation emphasizes
a. cognitive over behavioral methods b. behavioral over cognitive methods c. a unitary way to approach peoples’ problems d. rational-emotive concepts |
c. a unitary way to approach peoples’ problems
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RET view neurosis as the result of
a. inadequate parent-child relationships b. behavioral over cognitive methods c. irrational thinking and behavior d. unfinished business |
c. irrational thinking and behavior
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A client is suffering from what seems to be a chronic illness of a physical mature, however, she/he also reports several other problems and concerns that seem to be stress related. The client also indicated that she/he had a poor parent-child relationship. The BEST theory to apply in this case is
a. Freud’s psychosexual theory as psychoanalysis will explore the early childhood experiences b. Rogers client-centered approach to enhance positive regard in the client c. RET therapy in order to change the client’s irrational feelings d. disregard theory and use all available resources to establish a working relationship with the client |
d. disregard theory and use all available resources to establish a working relationship with the client
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To Jung, inherited personality building blacks of the unconscious are called
a. archetype b.s complexes c. ego ideal d. symbols |
a. archetype
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Analysis of transference is central to psychoanalysis because
a. it keeps the therapist hidden, and thus feeling secure b. it allows clients to relive their past in therapy c. it keeps the therapist occupied d. it is considered the only way to get unconscious material |
b. it allows clients to relive their past in therapy
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A man who is intimated by his boss comes home and unloads inappropriate hostility onto his children. A Freudian explanation for this behavior is
a. projection b. displacement c. rationalization d. sublimation |
b. displacement
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Countertransference refers to
a. the irrational reactions that clients have toward their therapist b. the irrational reactions that therapists have toward their clients c. the projections of the clients d. the client’s need to be special in the therapist’s eyes |
b. the irrational reactions that therapists have toward their clients
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How would the Adlerian therapist view the personal problems of clients?
a. as the result of cultural conditioning b. as the end result of a process of discouragement c. as deeply embedded neurotic tendencies d. as the product of our innate tendencies toward self-destruction |
b. as the end result of a process of discouragement
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The main goal of behavior therapy is
a. providing for self-actualization b. expanding self-understanding c. assisting clients in making value judgments concerning their behavior d. eliminating maladaptive learning and providing for more effective learning |
d. eliminating maladaptive learning and providing for more effective learning
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Behavior therapy is grounded in
a. the psychodynamic aspects of a person b. the principles of learning c. a philosophical view of human nature d. the principles of existential therapy |
b. the principles of learning
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A client state that his wife is very cold and aloof, and that she is insensitive to his feelings. He says that she has been this way ever since they married. A reality therapist would most likely
a. ask the client about the childhood relationship with his mother. b. role-play a discussion with the client’s wife, in which the client takes the part of the wife. c. ask the client what he (the client) could do to improve his relationship with his wife. d. help the client identify his irrational beliefs and assumptions about marriage. |
c. ask the client what he (the client) could do to improve his relationship with his wife.
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A client did not get the job he/she applied for. The client spent a significant amount of time justifying his/her failure. The client stated, “In fact, I did not want the job anyway.” A Freudian therapist would know that the client is using the defense mechanism of
a. projection. b. rationalization. c. displacement. d. sublimation. |
b. rationalization.
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Bandura’s social learning theory explains behavior as
a. a matter of stimulus-response learning. b. reciprocal exchanges among behaviors, cognition, and the environment. c. a character flaw in the personality. d. originations solely outside the person. |
b. reciprocal exchanges
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____________ are concerned with the client’s own self-discovery.
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Insight strategies
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__________ describes an attitude the client holds for a significant past person.
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Transference
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An important characteristic of the final phase of the psychoanalytic process is the therapist’s talent and willingness to allow the client to work through the process of ________, which should result in the enhancement of the client’s personal authority.
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repression
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Of the defense mechanisms discussed in psychoanalytic therapy, ________, described a psychological stunting of growth where the person fails to move from one developmental stage to another. (Fear of leaving the old for the new.)
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fixation
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A person who exhibits behavior that clearly shows signs of reverting to less mature stages is likely to be using which ego defense?
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regression
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A colleague of Freud who started his/her therapeutic system and theory was
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Alfred Adler
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______’s contributions to current psychotherapeutic practices includes all of the following:
relieving symptoms through insight. working with dreams as projections. explanation of how defense mechanisms are used to reduce anxiety. |
Freud
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According to Freud, _________ is evidenced in slips of the tongue such as accidents, jokes, and dreams.
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unconscious motivation
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The psychodynamic structure responsible for the morel side of the Freudian personality is the ________ .
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superego
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_________ are: the outcome of unconscious notions having no counterpart in reality, developed from the moment a person is born, not necessarily bad, problematic or debilitating, and tied closely to one’s style of life and sense belonging.
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Fictional goals
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The therapist-client relationship in Adlerian therapy is based on ___________________.
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mutual trust and respect.
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Adler believes that the neurotic vacillates between _________________
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inferiority and superiority
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Adlerian psychology differs from Freud’s ideas in that Adler believes __________ take precedence over sexual urges
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social urges
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Adler believes there are three major life task areas: ________ , _________ , and _______ .
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society, sex, and occupation.
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Adlerian therapy is related most closely to which type of psychology?
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social
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All of the following are stages of _______ counseling; reorientation, insight, establishing a therapeutic relationship, analysis and assessment
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Adlerian
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The basic motivating force for human behavior from an Adlerian point of view is __________.
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striving for superiority.
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Jung’s view of analytic therapy emphasizes _______ .
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spirituality
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For Jungian therapy _________ is the ultimate goal for the client.
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individuation
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______ believes the psych to be composed of, ego, personal unconscious, and collective unconscious. Archetypes, anima and animus, and persona.
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Jung
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One current measure of the popularity of Jungian psychology is
a. The Rosicrucians b. The Analytic Forum c. Scientology d. The Center for Application of Psychological Type e. none of the foregoing |
d. The Center for Application of Psychological Type
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For Jungian therapy, _____is the ultimate goal for the client.
a. finalism b. existential awareness c. constructivism d. conjugation with the universe e. individuation |
e. individuation
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The Jungian concept of the “shadow” may best be compare to
a. Skinner’s noncontingent negative reinforcer. b. Lazarus’s multimodal complex c. Freud’s Id d. Adler’s fictional goals e. Ellis’s musturbatory thinking |
c. Freud’s Id
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Jungian archetypes are
a. universal patterns b. represented by religions c. clinical diagnostic types d. both a and b e. both a and c |
d. both a and b
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The four functions of Jungian consciousness are
a. thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuiting b. responding, controlling, emoting, and retreating c. egressing, integrating, regressing, and detaching d. approaching, avoiding, extinguishing, and reinforcing e. none of the above |
a. thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuiting
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Analytical therapy involves four stages of treatment. The LAST stage is
a. confession b. catharsis c. elucidation d. transformation e. education |
d. transformation
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One of the reasons for the life style assessment phase of Adlerian Therapy is to determine the client’s
a. ordinal position in the family. b. social position in the family. c. genetic endowment from the family, including pathological predispositions. d. psychological positions in the family. e. All of the foregoing. |
d. psychological positions in the family.
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In Person-Centered counseling, when the counselor accurately senses the client’s feeling and personal meaning, the counselor is displaying
a. empathy b. congruence c. genuineness d. realness e. concreteness |
a. empathy
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Which of the following best describes the Person-Centered counselor?
a. Directive, frustrating, empathic, rehearsing. b. Non-directive, experimental, rehearsing, cognitive. c. Directive-reflective, active, experiential. d. Non-directive. experiential, reflective, passive. e. Unconditional positive regard, confrontive, empathic, cognitive |
d. Non-directive. experiential, reflective, passive.
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