Cosmetology Milady's Ch 6 General Anatomy & Physiology

Front 1

ABDUCTORS

Back 1

Muscles that separate the fingers

Front 2

ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS

Back 2

Muscle of the foot that moves the toes and help maintain balance while walking and standing

Front 3

ADDUCTORS

Back 3

Muscles at the base of each finger that draw the fingers together

Front 4

ANABOLISM

Back 4

Constructive metabolism; the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones

Front 5

ANATOMY

Back 5

Study of human body structure that can be seen with the naked eye, and what they are made up of; the science of the structure of organisms, or of their parts

Front 6

ANGULAR ARTERY

Back 6

Supplies blood to the side of the nose

Front 7

ANTERIOR AURICULAR ARTERY

Back 7

Supplies blood to the front part of the ear

Front 8

ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY

Back 8

See "popliteal artery"

Front 9

ANTERIOR TIBIAL NERVE

Back 9

See "deep peroneal nerve"

Front 10

ARTERIES

Back 10

Thick-walled, muscular flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries

Front 11

ATRIUM

Back 11

The upper thin walled chambers of the heart

Front 12

AURICULARIS ANTERIOR

Back 12

Muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear forward

Front 13

AURICULARIS POSTERIOR

Back 13

Muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backward

Front 14

AURICULARIS SUPERIOR

Back 14

Muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward

Front 15

AURICULOTEMPORAL NERVE

Back 15

Affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull

Front 16

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Back 16

The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart

Front 17

AXON

Back 17

The extension of a neuron by which impulses are sent away from the nerve cell

Front 18

BELLY

Back 18

Middle part of a muscle

Front 19

BICEP

Back 19

Muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm

Front 20

BLOOD

Back 20

Fluid circulating through the circulatory system (heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries)

Front 21

BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM

Back 21

Group of structures (heart, arteries, veins and capillaries) that distribute blood throughout the body

Front 22

BODY SYSTEMS

Back 22

Groups of bodily organs acting together to perform one or more functions. The human body is composed of 10 major systems

Front 23

BRAIN

Back 23

Part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium; largest and most complex nerve tissue; controls sensation, muscles, gland activity, and the power to think and feel emotions

Front 24

BUCCAL NERVE

Back 24

Affects the muscles of the mouth

Front 25

BUCCINATOR MUSCLE

Back 25

Thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips

Front 26

CAPILLARIES

Back 26

Thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins

Front 27

CARDIAC MUSCLE

Back 27

The involuntary muscle that is the heart

Front 28

CARPUS

Back 28

The wrist; flexible joint composed of a group of 8 small, irregular bones held together by ligaments

Front 29

CATABOLISM

Back 29

The phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of complex compounds within the cells into smaller ones resulting in the release of energy to perform functions such as muscular movement or digestion

Front 30

CELL

Back 30

Basic unit of all living things; minute mass of protoplasm capable of performing all the fundamental functions of life

Front 31

CELL MEMBRANE

Back 31

Part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell

Front 32

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Back 32

Consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves

Front 33

CERVICAL CUTANEOUS NERVE

Back 33

Located at the side of the neck, affects the front and sides of the neck as far down as the breastbone

Front 34

CERVICAL NERVES

Back 34

Affect the side of the neck and th platysma muscle

Front 35

CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

Back 35

The 7 bones of the top part of the vertebral column, located in the neck region

Front 36

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Back 36

System that controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels

Front 37

CLAVICLE

Back 37

Collarbone; bone joining the sternum and scapula

Front 38

COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

Back 38

Artery that supplies blood to the face, head, and neck

Front 39

COMMON PERONEAL NERVE

Back 39

A division of the sciatic nerve that extends from behind the knee to wind around the head of the fibula to the front of the leg where it divides into 2 branches

Front 40

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Back 40

Fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body such as bone, cartilage and tendons

Front 41

CORRUGATOR MUSCLE

Back 41

Muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically

Front 42

CRANIUM

Back 42

An oval, bony case that protects the brain

Front 43

CYTOPLASM

Back 43

All the protoplasm of a cell except that which is in the nucleus; the water fluid that contains food material necessary fro growth, reproduction, and self-repair of the cell

Front 44

DEEP PERONEAL NERVE

Back 44

A nerve that extends down the front of the leg, behind the muscles. It supplies impulses to these muscles and skin on the top of the foot and adjacent sides of the first and second toes

Front 45

DELTOID

Back 45

Large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the sides of the body

Front 46

DENDRITES

Back 46

Tree-like branding of nerve fibers extending from a nerve cell; short nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the cell

Front 47

DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORIS MUSCLE

Back 47

Muscle surrounding the lower lip; depress the lower lip and draws it to one side

Front 48

DIAPHRAGM

Back 48

Muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing

Front 49

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Back 49

The mouth, stomach, intestines, and salivary and gastric glands that change food into nutrients and wastes

Front 50

DIGITS

Back 50

A finger or toe

Front 51

DIGITAL NERVE

Back 51

Nerve that, with its branches, supplies the fingers and toes

Front 52

DORSAL

Back 52

A nerve that extends up from the toes and foot, just under the skin, supplying impulses to toes and foot, as well as the muscles and skin of the leg, where it is called the superficial peroneal nerve or the musculo-cutaneous nerve

Front 53

DORSAL CUTANEOUS NERVE

Back 53

See "dorsal"

Front 54

DORSAL PEDIS ARTERY

Back 54

See "popliteal"

Front 55

ENDOCRINE (DUCTLESS) GLANDS

Back 55

Ductless gland that release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream

Front 56

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Back 56

Group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body

Front 57

EPICRANIAL APONEUROSIS

Back 57

Tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis

Front 58

EPICRANIUS

Back 58

The broad muscle that covers the top of the skull consists of the occipitalis and frontalis

Front 59

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Back 59

Protective covering on body surfaces, such as the skin, mucous membranes, and the lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and glands

Front 60

ETHMOID BONE

Back 60

Light spongy bone between the eye sockets and forms part of the nasal cavities

Front 61

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

Back 61

Group of organs including the kidneys, liver, skin, intestines, and lungs that purify the body by elimination of waste matter

Front 62

EXHALATION

Back 62

The act of breathing outward, expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs

Front 63

EXOCRINE (DUCT) GLANDS

Back 63

Duct gland that produce a substance that travels through small tube-like ducts, such as the sudoriferous (sweat) glands and the sebaceous (oil) glands

Front 64

EXTENSORS

Back 64

Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line

Front 65

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS

Back 65

Muscle of the foot that moves the toes and help maintain balance while walking and standing

Front 66

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

Back 66

Muscle that bends the foot up and extends the toes

Front 67

EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

Back 67

Supplies blood to the anterior (front) parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck and side of the head

Front 68

EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

Back 68

Vein located at the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from th head, face, and neck

Front 69

FACIAL ARTERY

Back 69

Supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth and nose

Front 70

FEMUR

Back 70

A heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee

Front 71

FIBULA

Back 71

The smaller of the two bones that form the leg below the knee. The fibula may be visualized as a "bump" on the little-toe side of the ankle

Front 72

FIFTH CRANIAL NERVE (ALSO KNOWN AS TRIFACIAL OR TRIGEMINAL)

Back 72

The chief sensory nerve of the face, and serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing

Front 73

FLEXORS

Back 73

Extensor muscles of the wrist involved in flexing the wrist

Front 74

FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS

Back 74

Muscle of the foot that moves the toes and help maintain balance while walking and standing

Front 75

FRONTAL ARTERY

Back 75

Supplies blood to the forehead and upper eyelids

Front 76

FRONTAL BONE

Back 76

Forms the forehead

Front 77

FRONTALIS

Back 77

Anterior (front) portion of the epicranius; muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward and causes wrinkles across the forehead

Front 78

GASTROCNEMIUS

Back 78

Muscle that is attached to the lower rear surface of the heel and pulls the foot down

Front 79

GLANDS

Back 79

Specialized organs that remove certain constituents from the blood to convert them into new substances

Front 80

GREATER AURICULAR NERVE

Back 80

Located at the side of the neck, affects the face, ears, neck and parotid gland

Front 81

GREATER OCCIPITAL NERVE

Back 81

Located in the back of the head, affects the scalp as far up as hte top of the head

Front 82

HEART

Back 82

Muscular cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system

Front 83

HEMOGLOBIN

Back 83

Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen

Front 84

HISTOLOGY

Back 84

Science of the minute structures of organic tissues; microscopic anatomy

Front 85

HORMONES

Back 85

Secretions produced by one of the endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream or body fluid to another part of the body to stimulate a specific activity

Front 86

HUMERUS

Back 86

Upper and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder

Front 87

HYOID BONE

Back 87

U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles

Front 88

INFERIOR LABIAL ARTERY

Back 88

Supplies blood to the lower lip

Front 89

INFRAORBITAL ARTERY

Back 89

Supplies blood to the muscles of the eye

Front 90

INFRAORBITAL NERVE

Back 90

Affects the skin of the lower eyelid, side of the nose upper lip and mouth

Front 91

INFRATROCHLEAR NERVE

Back 91

Nerve that affects the membrane of the skin of the nose

Front 92

INHALATION

Back 92

The breathing in of air

Front 93

INSERTION

Back 93

Part of the muscle at the more moveable attachment to the skeleton

Front 94

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Back 94

The skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair and nails

Front 95

INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

Back 95

Vein located at the side of the neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck

Front 96

JOINT

Back 96

Connection between two or more bones of the skeleton

Front 97

LACRIMAL BONES

Back 97

Small, thin bones located at the front inner wall of the orbits (eye sockets)

Front 98

LATISSIMUS DORSI

Back 98

Broad, flat superficial muscle covering the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back, controlling the shoulder blade and the swinging movements of the arm

Front 99

LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS

Back 99

Also known as caninus, a muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward

Front 100

LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS

Back 100

Also known as quadratus labii superioris, a muscle surrounding the upper lip; elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as in expressing distaste

Front 101

LIQUID TISSUE

Back 101

Body tissue that carries food, waste products, and hormones (i.e. blood and lymph)

Front 102

LUNGS

Back 102

Spongy tissues composed of microscopic cells in which inhaled air is exchanged for carbon dioxide

Front 103

LYMPH

Back 103

Clear yellowish fluid that circulates int eh lymph spaces (lymphatic) of the body; carries waste and impurities away from the cells

Front 104

LYMPH NODES

Back 104

Special structures found inside the lymphatic vessels that filter lymph

Front 105

LYMPH VASCULAR SYSTEM

Back 105

Body system that acts as an aid to the blood system and consists of the lymph spaces, lymph vessels, and lymph glands

Front 106

MANDIBLE

Back 106

Lower jawbone; largest and strongest bone of the face

Front 107

MANDIBULAR NERVE

Back 107

Affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip

Front 108

MASSETER

Back 108

Muscles that coordinate with the temporalis muscles in opening and closing the mouth, and are sometimes referred to as chewing muscles

Front 109

MAXILLAE (SINGULAR MAXILLA)

Back 109

Bones of the upper jaw

Front 110

MAXILLARY NERVE

Back 110

Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the upper part of the face

Front 111

MERIDIAN NERVE

Back 111

Nerve that supplies the arm and hand

Front 112

MENTAL NERVE

Back 112

Affects the skin of the arm and hand

Front 113

MENTALIS

Back 113

Muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin

Front 114

METABOLISM

Back 114

Chemical process taking place in living organisms whereby the cells are nourished and carry out their functions

Front 115

METACARPUS

Back 115

Bones of the palm of the hand; parts of the hand containing five bones between the carpus and phalanges

Front 116

METATARSAL

Back 116

One of three subdivisions of the foot comprised of five bones, which are long and slender, like the metacarpal bones of the hand, help make up the foot. All three subdivisions comprise 26 bones