Corrections Final

Front 1

Which among the following is an example of a felony

Back 1

A. Burglary

Front 2

Which among the following is an example of a misdemeanor?

Back 2

B. Simple assault

Front 3

The most frequently imposed penalty by the Twelve Tables was ____.

Back 3

Death

Front 4

The punishment inflicted on exiles who returned to Rome was ____.

Back 4

D. Death

Front 5

The Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons was established by the _____.

Back 5

B. Quakers

Front 6

Punishment as vengeance is also called:

Back 6

A. revenge

Front 7

A sentencing goal that involves retaliation against a criminal perpetrator is called:

Back 7

D. retribution.

Front 8

If I use the term "an eye for an eye" I am talking about:

Back 8

A. Retribution

Front 9

The discouragement or prevention of crimes through the fear of punishment is called:

Back 9

A. deterrence.

Front 10

The idea that actions are motivated primarily by a desire to experience pleasure and avoid pain is called:

Back 10

B. the pleasure-pain principle.

Front 11

____ is defined as the halting or suspension, before conviction, of formal criminal proceedings against a person, conditioned on some form of counterperformance by the defendant.

Back 11

C. Diversion

Front 12

The conditional release of a convicted offender, into the community, under supervision is called ____.

Back 12

A. probation

Front 13

The "founder of probation" was a shoemaker in the city of ____.

Back 13

B. Boston

Front 14

The state of ____ was the first state to pass a statue authorizing probation

Back 14

B. Massachusettes

Front 15

Which of the following states has the largest adult probation population?

Back 15

D. Georgia

Front 16

The second major role of a probation officer is ____.

Back 16

A. client supervision

Front 17

The conditional release of a prisoner prior to completion of the imposed sentence under the supervision of the state is called_____.

Back 17

C. parole

Front 18

Early release based on the paroling authority's assessment of eligibility is called _____.

Back 18

A. discretionary release

Front 19

The American Probation and Parole Association (APPA) supports____.

Back 19

B. discretionary parole

Front 20

Prisoners who were sent to Australia and then committed further felonies were sent to ____.

Back 20

C. Norfolk Island

Front 21

In 1840, British Navy Captain ____ was appointed Superintendent of Norfolk Island.

Back 21

A. Alexander Maconochie

Front 22

Captain Alexander Maconochie favored ____ sentences over fixed sentences.

Back 22

C. indeterminate

Front 23

The first legislation authorizing parole in the United States was enacted in ____.

Back 23

A. Massachusetts

Front 24

___ is considered the forerunner of modern American parole.

Back 24

D. Crofton's system of conditional release

Front 25

The Wickersham Commission reported that parole is logical because it:

Back 25

B. is an inexpensive way to supervise offenders.

Front 26

The process of transition that offenders make from prison or jail to the community is called ____.

Back 26

C. reentry

Front 27

When people are released from jail and prison, ____.

Back 27

B. their chances of finding a place to live are bleak

Front 28

Prisoners reentry issues for women are:

Back 28

C. especially magnified for minority women.

Front 29

An inmate's eligibility for parole is determined by ____.

Back 29

A. the sentence received from court as set by law

Front 30

____ is the earliest date on which an inmate might be released.

Back 30

A. Parole eligibility date

Front 31

A correctional agency that has the authority to grant the conditional release of a prisoner is called a ____.

Back 31

C. parole board

Front 32

_____ is a scale developed from a risk-screening instrument and is used to predict parole outcome.

Back 32

B. Salient factor score

Front 33

The normal patterns of behavior expected of those holding particular social positions in prisons are called ____.

Back 33

D. roles

Front 34

The patterns of behavior expected of correctional staff members in particular jobs are called ____.

Back 34

C. staff roles

Front 35

Wardens, superintendents, assistant superintendents, and others charged with operating the institution and its programs and with setting policy are called ____.

Back 35

D. administrative staff

Front 36

Psychologists, psychiatrists, medical doctors, nurses, medical aides, teachers, counselors, caseworkers, and ministers are called ____

Back 36

B. program staff

Front 37

Majors, captains, lieutenants, sergeants, and correctional officers charged primarily with maintaining order and security in a prison are called____.

Back 37

A. custodial staff

Front 38

Which of the following groups would be most involved in encouraging prisoners to participate in educational, vocational, and treatment processes?

Back 38

B. Program Staff

Front 39

Inmates' beliefs that a correctional officer can and will punish disobedience give the officer ____ power.

Back 39

D. coercive

Front 40

Assigning desirable jobs to inmates with the intent of inducing cooperation is called ____ power.

Back 40

C. reward

Front 41

____ power flows from "persuasive diplomacy."

Back 41

A. Referent

Front 42

The tension between prison staff members and inmates arise out of the correctional setting is called a ____.

Back 42

A. structured conflict

Front 43

The beliefs, values, and behavior of correctional officers are known as the ____.

Back 43

D. staff subculture

Front 44

Tom is a correctional officer who gives orders and enjoys the feelings of power that comes from ordering prison inmates. He is exhibiting the personality type of a ____.

Back 44

B. dictator

Front 45

Aaron is a correctional officer who believes that close associations with inmates will make it easier to control them. He is exhibiting the personality type of a ____.

Back 45

D. friend

Front 46

A correctional officer who provides commodities to the inmate population is exhibiting the personality type of a ____.

Back 46

C. Merchant

Front 47

A ____ usually interacts little with other correctional officers and does the minimum necessary to get though the workday in a prison.

Back 47

B. turnkey

Front 48

A ____ is a correctional officer who constantly finds problems with the way a prison is run or with existing policies and rules.

Back 48

A. reformer

Front 49

Officers who are responsible for supervising prison inmates in housing areas are called ____.

Back 49

A. block officers

Front 50

Officers who oversee the tasks of individual inmates and inmate work crews area called ____.

Back 50

D. work detail supervisors

Front 51

Officers who supervise inmates in the prison athletic areas or recreational areas are called ____.

Back 51

B. yard officers

Front 52

Officers who control the keys and weapons in a prison and sometimes oversee visitation are called ____.

Back 52

D. administrative officers

Front 53

Officers assigned to gun towers and wall posts and are charged with preventing escapes and intrusions are called____.

Back 53

C. perimeter security officers

Front 54

____ are experienced correctional officers used to temporarily replace officers who are sick or on vacation or to meet staffing shortages.

Back 54

C. Relief officers

Front 55

Which of the following is a book written by Victoria R Derosia?

Back 55

D. Living Inside Prison Walls

Front 56

The process by which inmates adapt to jail society and take on the ways, mores, customs, and general culture of the penitentiary is known as _____.

Back 56

C. prisonization

Front 57

Donald Clemmer coined the term ____.

Back 57

C. prisonization

Front 58

The pains of imprisonment are described in the book ____.

Back 58

C. The Society of Captives

Front 59

Which among the following is an issue faced by new prison inmates?

Back 59

A. They experience an increase in self-doubts.

Front 60

The belief that inmate subcultures develop in response to the scarcities in prison life is called the ____ theory.

Back 60

C. deprivation

Front 61

An inmate starts a gang in the prison in order to procure more goods and services; this is an example of the ____ theory.

Back 61

C. deprivation

Front 62

The belief that inmate subcultures are brought into prisons from the outside world is called the ____ theory.

Back 62

D. importation

Front 63

An inmate who is in a gang in the real world starts a gang inside the prison world; this is an example of the ____ theory,

Back 63

D. importation

Front 64

A combination of importation theory and deprivation theory is called the _____.

Back 64

integration model

Front 65

The set of norms and values among prison inmates is called a(n) _____.

Back 65

B. prison code

Front 66

The special language of the inmate subculture is called _____.

Back 66

C. prison argot

Front 67

Argot is a French word meaning ______.

Back 67

A. slang

Front 68

According to John Irwin's classification of prisoners, ____ are inmates who are unfamiliar with criminal subcultures.

Back 68

D. square johns

Front 69

In prison argot, a croacker is a(n) ____.

Back 69

C. physician or a doctor

Front 70

In prison argot, a _____ is a newly arrived inmate.

Back 70

B. fish

Front 71

In prison argot, a ____ is the search of a prisoner's cell or a work area.

Back 71

D. shakedown

Front 72

In prison argot, a male inmate who assumes as aggressive role during homosexual relations is called a _____.

Back 72

B. wolf

Front 73

Under the ____, U.S. courts for many decades avoided intervening in prison management.

Back 73

A.hands-off doctrine

Front 74

The first case that began the dismantling of the hands-off doctrine was ____.

Back 74

D. Ex parte Hull

Front 75

The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known as the _____.

Back 75

C. Bill of Rights

Front 76

Constitutional rights of inmates may be restricted by all except ____.

Back 76

B. the general belief that inmates are bad

Front 77

A legal obligation to another person to do, pay, or make good something is known as ____.

Back 77

B. Civil liability

Front 78

A writ of ____ is an order from a court to produce a prisoner in court so that the court can determine whether the prisoner is being legally detained.

Back 78

D. habeas corpus

Front 79

Habeas corpus is Latin for ____.

Back 79

A. "you have the body"

Front 80

A(n) _____ is a civil wrong, a wrongful act, or a wrongful breach of duty, other than a breach of contract, whether intentional or accidental, from which injury to another occurs.

Back 80

C. tort

Front 81

____ are payments for actual losses, which may include out-of-pocket expenses the inmate incurred in filing the suit, other forms of monetary or material loss, and pain, suffering, and mental anguish.

Back 81

B. Compensatory damages

Front 82

____ are awarded to punish the wrongdoer when the wrongful act was intentional and malicious or was done with reckless disregard for the rights of the inmate.

Back 82

C. Punitive damages

Front 83

A judicial order to do or refrain from doing a particular act is called a(n) ____.

Back 83

D. injunction

Front 84

The trial courts of the federal system are called____.

Back 84

B. district courts

Front 85

A previous judicial decision that judges should consider in deciding future cases is called ____.

Back 85

A. precedent

Front 86

A method the U.S. Supreme Court uses to decide prisoners' rights cases, weighing the rights claimed by inmates against the legitimate needs of prisons is called the ____.

Back 86

D. balancing test

Front 87

____ are "those prisoners who exhibit unique physical, mental, social, and programmatic needs that distinguish them from other prisoners and for whom jail and prison management and staff have to respond to in nontraditional and innovative ways."

Back 87

D. Inmates with special needs

Front 88

___ is the common denominator for most offenders in the criminal justice system.

Back 88

C. Alcohol and drug problem

Front 89

It is generally accepted that drug and alcohol treatment in prison:

Back 89

C. causes recidivism to decrease

Front 90

Which of the following statements best reflects the reality about drug treatment programs in prisons?

Back 90

A. Only a small fraction of the jail inmates who need drug treatment actually receive it.

Front 91

____ is the disease commonly transmitted in infected blood and bodily secretions, especially during sexual intercourse and intravenous drug use.

Back 91

B. AIDS

Front 92

____ is a highly variable communicable disease that is characterized by toxic symptoms or allergic manifestations that in humans primarily affect the lungs.

Back 92

D. Tuberculosis

Front 93

____ is considered to be the most common cause of death among the worlds prisoners.

Back 93

A. Tuberculosis

Front 94

Tuberculosis in prison and jails spreads:

Back 94

A. by coughing, sneezing, and releasing bacteria into the air.

Front 95

An interdisciplinary, comfort-oriented care facility that helps seriously ill patients to die with dignity and humanity in an environment that facilitates mental and spiritual preparation for the natural process of dying is called a(n)____.

Back 95

C. hospice

Front 96

The second most common sexually transmitted disease, often called the clap, is _____.

Back 96

B. gonorrhea

Front 97

The most common sexually transmitted disease, on which effects the eyes and lungs, is ____.

Back 97

C. chlamydia

Front 98

An approach to sentencing that emphasizes interchangeability of punishments is called:

Back 98

A. exchange rate sentencing.

Front 99

The current term for prison gangs by the prison administration is:

Back 99

B. security threat groups.

Front 100

The prison gang ___ was founded in 1966 at San Quentin Prison and is considered the most politically oriented of the major state prison gangs; its racial makeup is black.

Back 100

B. Black Guerilla Family

Front 101

The prison gang ____ was formed in the late 1950s in California's youth facility at Duel; its racial makeup is Mexican-American/Hispanic.

Back 101

Mexican Mafia

Front 102

Alcatraz was closed because:

Back 102

C. It was judged as an expensive failure.

Front 103

The developement of supermax prisons in the federal system is an example of the ____ model.

Back 103

B. concentration

Front 104

The process through which correctional facilities and agencies can measure themselves against nationally adopted standards is called:

Back 104

C. accreditation.