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426 Cards in this Set
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ABDUCTION
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Moving an extremity away from the body.
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ABRASION
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An area of skin or mucous membrane worn from the body mechanically by some unusual or abnormal process.
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ABSCESS
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A localized collection of pus.
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ABSORBENT
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A drug which "takes up" other substances by absorption.
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ACIDOSIS
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A condition resulting from acid accumulating in the body.
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ACUTE PULPITIS
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An inflammation of the pulp caused by injury to the pulp, usually from dental caries or trauma.
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ADDUCTION
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Bringing an extremity toward the body.
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ADIPOSE
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Of a fatty nature.
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ADRENERGIC
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Activated by, characteristic of, or secreting epinephrine or similar substance.
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ADSORPTION
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The attachment of one substance to the surface of another.
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AEROBIC
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Growing only in the presence of oxygen.
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AFFECT
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Feeling experienced in connection with an emotion.
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ALBUMINURIA
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Albumin in the urine.
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ALIMENTARY
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Pertaining to food or digestion.
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ALKALOSIS
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A pathogenic condition resulting from accumulation of base in, or loss of acid from, the body.
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AMBULATORY
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Walking or able to walk.
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AMPUTATION
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The intentional removal of a limb or body part with the intention of removing diseased tissue or relieving pain.
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ANABOLISM
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The constructive process by which the simple products of digestion are converted by living cells into more complex compounds and living matter for cellular growth and repair.
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ANAEROBIC
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Growing only in the absence of oxygen.
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ANALGESIC
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A drug used to relieve pain without producing unconsciousness or impairing mental capacities.
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ANATOMY
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The science of the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other.
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ANEMIA
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A decrease in certain elements of the blood, especially red cells and hemoglobin.
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ANESTHESIOLOGIST
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A physician who specializes in anesthesiology.
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ANESTHESIOLOGY
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A branch of medicine that studies anesthesia and anesthetics.
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ANESTHETIST
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A registered nurse trained in administering anesthetics.
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ANISOCORIA
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Unequal diameter of the pupils.
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ANODYNE
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A drug that relieves pain.
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ANOREXIA
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Loss of appetite.
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ANTHELMINTIC
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A drug that expels, paralyzes, or kills intestinal worms.
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ANTHRAX
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Disease caused by Bacillus anthracis where infective bacteria form spores and transmission occurs through contact with contaminated material.
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ANTIBIOTIC
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A synthetic product or a product of living microorganisms that kills or inhibits the growth of undesirable microorganisms.
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ANTIBODIES
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The specific defensive proteins produced when an antigen stimulates individual cells.
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ANTIDOTE
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An agent that counteracts a poison.
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ANTIGEN
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A substance which, under certain conditions, is capable of inducing the formation of antibodies and reacting specifically with the antibodies in a detectable manner.
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ANTIPYRETIC
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A drug that lowers elevated body temperature.
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ANTISEPTIC
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A drug or chemical that inhibits the growth of microorganisms without necessarily destroying them.
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APNEA
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A temporary cessation of breathing.
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ARENAVIRUSES
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A family of viruses whose members are generally associated with rodent-transmitted diseases in humans via rodent urine and excrement that may cause severe illnesses.
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ARTICULATION
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The place of union or junction between two or more bones of the skeleton.
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ASEPTIC
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Clean; free of pathogenic organisms.
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ASSISTANT’S ZONE
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Between 2 and 4 o’clock; for left-handed dentists seated to the right of the patient, the assistant’s zone is between 8 and 10 o’clock.
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ASTRINGENT
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A drug or preparation that produces shrinkage of body membranes, especially mucous membranes.
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ASYMPTOMATIC
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Having no symptoms.
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ATTRITION
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The loss of substance of a tooth from a wearing away process caused by teeth against teeth.
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AUSCULTATION
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The act of listening for sounds within the body, with or without a stethoscope.
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AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRULLATOR (AED)
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A portable electronic device that is capable of analyzing cardiac rhythms and selecting the appropriate strength of defibrillation or electrical therapy which stops the arrhythmia allowing the heart to reestablish an organized electrical message to the heart tissue, all at the touch of a button.
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AUTOLYSIS
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The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own serum or enzymes, such as occurs after death and in some pathological conditions.
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AVULSED
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A forcible separation; also, a part torn from another.
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AXILLARY
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Pertaining to the area of the armpit.
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BACTERIA
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Single celled organisms capable of causing a variety of diseases in animals, plants, and humans.
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BACTERICIDE
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An agent that destroys bacteria.
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BACTERIOSTATIC
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An agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria.
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BAROTRAUMA
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Damage to tissues caused by a change in ambient pressure.
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BATTLE DRESSING
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A combination compress and bandage in which a sterile gauze pad is fastened to a gauze, muslin, or adhesive bandage.
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BIOBURDEN
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The number of microorganisms contaminating an object; known as bioload or microbial load.
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BIOLOGICALS
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Medicinal preparations made from living organisms and their products, including serums, vaccines, antigens, and antitoxins.
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BLANCHING
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Turning white.
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BLEB
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Blister, bubble.
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BLOODBORNE PATHEOGENS
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Pathogenic organisms present in human blood and capable of causing disease in humans.
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BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)
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A healthy weight calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kilograms (2.2# = 1 kg) by the person’s height in meters squared (2.54 cm = 1 inch) or kg/m2.
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BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION (BSI)
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The practice of using personal protective equipment in order to prevent the spread of disease and contagious pathogens.
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BRADYCARDIA
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Abnormally slow heartbeat, evidenced by a pulse rate of 60 or less.
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BRADYPNEA
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Abnormally slow breathing.
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BUBO
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An inflamed swelling of a lymphatic gland, especially in the area of the armpit or groin.
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BUCCAL
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Referring to the cheek.
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BUNYAVIRUSES
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Group of vector-borne viruses that are transmitted through an arthropod vector.
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CARBOHYDRATES
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Molecular chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms bound together with main role of providing energy to the cells. All carbohydrates contain 4 calories per gram.
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CARBUNCLE
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A painful purulent inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues with multiple openings for the discharge of pus usually accompanied by necrosis and sloughing of dead tissue.
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CARRIER
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A person or animal that harbors specific infectious agents in the absence of discernible clinical disease, and serves as a potential source of infection for humans.
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CASTS
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Urinary sediments formed by coagulation of albuminous material in the kidney tubules.
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CATABOLISM
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A destructive process in which the complex compounds are reduced to simpler substances during the digestive process.
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CATHARTICS
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Drugs that promote bowel movement.
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CAVITY
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A disease where bacterial processes damage the hard tooth structure.
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CELLULITIS
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A diffuse inflammation of connective tissue with severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers of the skin.
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CERVICAL
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Pertaining to the neck or the neck of any organ or structure.
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CHEYNE-STOKES
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Breathing characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep respirations.
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CHILLBLAIN
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Mild cold injury characterized by redness, swelling, tingling, and pain to the affected skin area, caused by prolonged and repeated exposure for several hours to air temperatures from above freezing 32°F (0°C) to as high as 60°F (16°C).
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CLARK’S RULE
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The rule governing pediatric doses based upon weight; the child’s weight is the numerator, and the average adult weight (150) is the denominator. This fraction is multiplied by the adult dose.
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COAGULATION
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Clotting.
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COAPTATION
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To fit together, as the edges of a wound or the ends of a fractured bone; category of splint.
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COCCYX
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Tailbone.
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CONCURRENT
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Done or occurring at the same time; i.e. concurrent disinfection while infectious patient is still in the room.
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CONTAMINATED
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The presence or reasonably expected presence of blood or other potentially infectious material on an item or surface.
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COLATION
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The process of straining or filtration.
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COMMUNICABLE
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Capable of being transmitted from one person to another.
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COMMUNICABLE PERIOD
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The period of time in which an infectious agent may be passed from an infected animal or human to a receptive host. There may be more than one such period of time during the course of disease.
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COMMINUTION
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The process of physical reduction of a substance to fine particle size.
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CONTACT
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A person or animal known to have been associated with an infected person or animal, or a contaminated environment, and to have had the opportunity to acquire the infection.
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CONTAMINATION
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The presence of an infectious agent or toxin on the surface of a body or inanimate article, such as clothing, dishes, surgical dressings or instruments, as well as in food or water.
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CONTRACTURE
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A condition of muscle shortening and fibrous tissue development that results in a permanent joint deformity.
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CONTUSION
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A bruise.
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CORROSIVE
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A substance that rapidly destroys or decomposes body tissue at point of contact.
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CREPITUS
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The cracking or grating sound produced by fragments of fractured bones rubbing together.
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CULTURE
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The reproduction and growth of micro-organisms in living tissue cells or on a nutrient medium.
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CYST
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An enclosed pouch or sac that contains fluid or semi-solid material.
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DEBILITY
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The state of abnormal bodily weakness.
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DEBRIDEMENT
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The removal of all foreign matter and devitalized tissue in or about a wound.
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DECANTATION
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Separating liquids from solids by letting the solids settle to the bottom and pouring off the liquid.
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DECEREBRATE
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A person with brain damage that produces certain abnormal neurologic signs with arms extended to the sides.
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DECONTAMINATION
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The process of removing or neutralizing and properly disposing of contaminants that have accumulated on personnel and equipment.
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DECORTICATE
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Abnormal posturing with arms flexed over the chest.
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DECORTICATION
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Removing portions of the cortical substance of a structure or organ, such as the brain, kidney, or lung.
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DECUBITUS ULCER
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Bed or pressure sore.
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DENTAL CARRIES
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Also known as cavities, a disease where bacterial processes damage the hard tooth structure.
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DESQUAMATE
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To shed, peel, or scale off.
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DIASTOLE
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The dilation or period of dilation of the heart, especially of the ventricles.
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DIATHERMY
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The generation of heat in tissue by electric current for medical or surgical purposes.
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DISINFECTION
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The killing of infectious agents outside the body by physical or chemical means applied directly.
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DISINFESTATION
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A physical or chemical means of destroying animal or insect pests in a particular area.
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DISLOCATION
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Injury where a bone is forcibly displaced from the normal position of function.
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DISTILLATION
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Converting a liquid to a vapor by applying heat and condensing the vapor back to liquid by cooling.
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DIURESIS
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Urine excretion in excess of the usual amount.
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DIURETICS
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Drugs that increase the secretion of urine.
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DOSAGE
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The amount of medication to be administered.
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DOSAGE RANGE
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The range between the minimum and the maximum amounts of a given medication required to produce the desired effect.
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DRESSING
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A sterile pad or compress (usually made of gauze or cotton wrapped gauze) used to cover wounds, to control bleeding, and to prevent further contamination.
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DYSPNEA
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Labored or difficult breathing.
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ECCHYMOSIS
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A small hemorrhagic spot, larger than a petechia, in the skin or mucous membrane, forming a non-elevated, rounded or irregular, blue or purplish patch.
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EDEMA
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Swelling.
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EFFECT
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The direct change, result, or consequence caused by an action.
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ELECTROLYTE
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A substance that dissociates into ions in solution or when fused, thereby becoming capable of conducting electricity.
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ELIXIR
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An aromatic, sweetened, hydro alcoholic solution containing medicinal substances. EMBOLISM
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When an object in one part of the body migrates and causes blockage of a blood vessel in another part of a body.
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EMBOLUS
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A clot or other plug brought by the blood from another vessel and forced into a smaller one, thereby obstructing circulation.
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EMETIC
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A substance that causes vomiting.
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EMOLLIENT
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A drug that softens, soothes, or smoothes the skin or irritated surfaces.
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EMPHYSEMA
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A progressive long-term disease of the lung that primarily causes shortness of breath and destruction of the lung tissue around the bronchioles over time.
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EMULSION
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A liquid preparation containing two unmixable liquids, such as oil and water, one of which is dispersed as globules in the other.
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ENCAPSULATED
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Enclosed within a capsule.
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ENDEMIC
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The constant presence of a disease in a given locality.
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ENGINEERED CONTROLS
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Method of managing environment and health by placing a barrier between contamination and the rest of the site, thus limiting exposure pathways.
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ENTERIC
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Of or within the intestine.
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EPIDEMIC
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The outbreak of disease in a geographic area in excess of normal expectations.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
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The study of epidemics and epidemic diseases.
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EPISTAXIS
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Nosebleed.
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EPIZOOTIC
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Disease attacking many animals in a region at the same time.
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ERADICATE
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Wipe out; destroy.
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EROSION
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A loss of tooth substances from a chemical process that does not involve bacteria, usually occurring on the facial surfaces at the gingival third of the crown and often involves the maxillary incisors.
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ERYTHEMMA
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Redness.
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ERYTHROCYTE
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Red blood cell.
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EUPNEA
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Ordinary, quiet breathing.
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EUTAXIA
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The liquification of solids mixed in a dry state.
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EVERSION
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The extremity is twisted outward.
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EXSANGUINATION
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Fatal process of total blood loss.
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EXTENSION
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Straightening or unbending, as in straightening the forearm, leg, or fingers.
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EXTRAVASATION
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A discharge or escape, such as blood from a vessel into the tissue.
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EXTRICATION
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The process of freeing a victim, such as from a wrecked car or flooded compartment.
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FATS
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Primary role is to supply energy to the body, 9 calories per gram.
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FILOVIRUSES
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A family of viruses called Filoviridae that can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates.
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FIRST AID
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Temporary measures to save life, prevent further injury, and preserve resistance to vitality.
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FISTULA
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An abnormal connection between an organ, vessel, or intestine and another structure, usually the result of injury or surgery that can lead to infection or inflammation.
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FLAVIVIRUSES
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Group of several viruses that are transmitted by the bite from an infected arthropod.
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FLEXION
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Bending, as in bending an arm or leg.
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FOMITE
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An object, such as a book, wooden object, or an article of clothing, that is not in itself harmful, but is able to harbor pathogenic microorganisms and thus may serve as an agent of transmission of an infection.
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FRACTURE
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Break in a bone.
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FROSTBITE
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Occurs when ice crystals form in the skin or deeper tissues (primarily the face and the extremities) after exposure to a temperature of 32°F (0°C); formation of frost bite may vary from a few minutes to a few hours.
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FUMIGATION
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The destruction of disease-producing animals or insects by gaseous agents.
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FUNGI
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Plants that lack chlorophyll.
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FUNGICIDE
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A drug that kills fungus.
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FURCATION
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When teeth have more than one root, the regions where the roots separate.
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FURUNCLE
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An abscess in the true skin caused by the entry of microorganisms through a hair follicle or sweat gland.
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FUSION
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Melting.
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GASTROSTOMY
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A surgical opening from the external surface of the body into the stomach, usually for inserting a feeding tube.
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GAVAGE
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Introducing a substance into the stomach through a tube.
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GERMICIDE
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An agent that kills germs.
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GESTATION
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The period of carrying developing offspring in the uterus after conception.
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GINGIVITIS
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An inflammation of the gingival tissue usually resulting from the presence of bacterial plaque buildup due to lack of adequate oral hygiene.
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GLYCOSURIA
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Glucose in the urine.
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GRAM-NEGATIVE
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A micro-organism that does not retain Gram's crystal voile and is stained by the counter stain.
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GRAM-POSITIVE
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A microorganism that is stained by Gram's crystal violet.
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GUMBOIL
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Swelling that is confined to a small area at the site of a sinus tract.
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HAZARDOUS MATERIAL
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All types of compressed gases and other materials that present a fire hazard or are otherwise dangerous.
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HEMACYTOMETER
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An instrument for estimating the number of blood cells in a measured volume of blood.
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HEMATEMESIS
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Vomiting blood.
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HEMATOCRIT
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A determination of the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood.
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HEMATOMA
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A localized collection of blood that escaped from blood vessels due to trauma.
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HEMIPLEGIA
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Loss of motion and sensation of one side of the body.
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HEMOGLOBIN
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Iron containing red pigment (heme) combined with a protein substance (globin).
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HEMOLYSIN
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Substance that breaks down red blood cells, thereby liberating hemoglobin.
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HEMOPTYSIS
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Coughing up blood.
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HEMOSTATICS
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Drugs that control external bleeding by forming an artificial clot.
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HISTOLOGY
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The microscopic study of tissue structure.
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HOST
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A man or other living animal affording subsistence or lodgment to an infectious agent under natural conditions.
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HYDROPHOBIA
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Also known as rabies, disease caused by a virus that is present in the saliva of infected animals.
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HYDROTHERAPY
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The scientific use of water in the treatment of disease.
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HYPERGLYCEMIA
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Abnormally increased content of sugar in the blood.
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HYPERPNEA
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Increased rate and depth of breathing.
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HYPERTENSION
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High blood pressure.
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HYPERTHERMIA
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Abnormally high body temperature, especially that induced for therapeutic purposes.
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HYPOGLYCEMIA
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Low blood sugar.
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HYPOPNEA
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Abnormal shallowness and rapidity of breathing.
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HYPOSTASIS
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Poor or stagnant circulation in a dependent part of the body or organ, as in venous insufficiency.
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HYPOTENSION
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Low blood pressure.
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HYPOTHERMIA
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Abnormally low body temperature.
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HYPOVOLEMIA
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Abnormally decreased volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in the body.
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HYPOXIA
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Low oxygen content or tension; deficiency of oxygen in the inspired air.
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IMMERSION FOOT
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Results from prolonged exposure to wet cold at temperatures ranging from just above freezing to 50°F (10°C); may also occur in the hands.
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IMMISCIBLE
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Incapable of being mixed.
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IMMUNE PERSON
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An individual who does not develop clinical illness when exposed to specific infectious agents of a disease, due to the presence of specific antibodies or cellular immunity.
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IMMUNITY
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A defense mechanism of the body which renders it resistant to certain organisms.
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INAPPARENT INFECTION
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An infection with no detectable clinical symptoms, even though the causative infectious agent may be identifiable with laboratory examinations. It is also known as an asymptomatic or subclinical infection.
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INCIDENCE RATE
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The number of specific disease cases diagnosed and reported in a specific population in a defined period of time. It is usually expressed as cases per 1,000 or 100,000 annually.
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INCISION
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A cut, or a wound produced by cutting with a sharp instrument.
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INCOMPATIBLE
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Not suitable for combination or simultaneous administration.
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INCONTINENT
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Unable to control excretory functions.
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INCUBATION PERIOD
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The period of time between the initial exposure to an infectious agent and the first clinical symptoms of the disease.
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INDURATION
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An abnormally hard spot or place.
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INFECTION
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A condition resulting when pathogens enter body tissues, multiply, and cause injury to cells.
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INFECTION CONTROL
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Process in which steps are taken to prevent the spread of infectious agents.
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INFECTIOUS AGENT
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An organism capable of producing infection or disease.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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A disease of man and animal resulting from an infection.
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INFECTIOUS WASTE
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Liquid or solid waste containing pathogens in sufficient numbers and of sufficient virulence to cause infectious disease in susceptible hosts exposed to the waste.
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INFESTATION
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The establishment and multiplication of small animals or arthropods (especially insects and rodents) on the body, clothing, or habitat of individuals or animals.
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INGUINAL
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Pertaining to the abdomen.
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INSTRUCTION
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A directive containing authority or information having continued reference value or requiring continuing action.
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INVENTORY
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The stock on hand.
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INTEGUMENTARY (SYSTEM)
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The skin and its accessory structures, including hair and nails.
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INTRADERMAL
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Into the dermis.
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INUNCTION
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Rubbing in.
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INVASIVE PROCEDURES
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A surgical entry into tissues, cavities, organs, or repair of major traumatic injuries. This includes the manipulation, cutting, or removal of any oral or perioral tissue during which bleeding occurs, or the potential for bleeding exists.
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INVERSION
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Injury where the foot is twisted inward.
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ISCHEMIA
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The lack of blood supply to specific areas due to constriction or obstruction in the blood vessels.
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ISOLATION
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Procedures taken to separate infected persons or animals, dispose of their secretions, and disinfect or sterilize the supplies, equipment, utensils, etc., used for their care, in order to prevent the spread of disease to susceptible persons or animals. Different procedures may be required for the specific infectious agent involved.
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ISOTONIC
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A solution having the same salinity as whole blood.
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KERATOLYTIC
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Removes horny layers of epidermis.
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LACERATED
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Torn.
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LACERATION
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A wound made by tearing and resulting in jagged edges.
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LACRIMATION
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The secretion of tears.
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LACRIMATORS
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Tear gases.
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LACTATION
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The production of milk.
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LATENT
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Concealed; not manifest; potential.
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LAVAGE
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The irrigation or washing out of an organ (such as the stomach or bowel).
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LESION
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Any pathological or traumatic discontinuity of tissue or loss of function of a part.
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LEUKOCYTE
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White blood cell.
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LEUKOCYTOSIS
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Abnormally high white blood cell count.
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LEUKOPENIA
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Abnormally low white blood cell count.
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LEVIGATION
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Adding a small amount of liquid to a mortar and pestle while triturating.
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LIGAMENT
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A sheet or band of tough, fibrous tissue connecting two or more bones or cartilages, or supporting an organ, fascia, or muscle.
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LINIMENT
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Solution or mixture of various substances in oily, alcoholic, or emulsified form, intended for external application.
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LOGISTICS
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The acquisition, accounting, sustainment, and disposition of assets within the Department of the Navy.
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LUMBAR
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Pertaining to the part of the back between the thorax and the pelvis.
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LYOPHILIZATION
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The creation of a stable preparation of a biological substance (blood plasma, serum, etc.) by rapid freezing and dehydration of the frozen product under high vacuum.
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MACERATION
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Softening of a solid by soaking.
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MAGMAS
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Thick, creamy, aqueous suspensions of inorganic substances in a very fine state.
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MALAISE
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A vague feeling of bodily discomfort.
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MASTICATION
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Chewing.
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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
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Sheets that provide information on the hazards of potentially harmful material and precautions for using such material safety.
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MEDICAL ASEPSIS
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Practices used to prevent the transfer of pathogenic organisms from person to person, place to place, or person to place.
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MEDICAL ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
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The practice that prevents the spread of pathogens from person to person, place to place, or place to person.
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MELENA
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Excretion of black tarry stools.
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METABOLISM
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The sum of all the physical and chemical processes by which living organized substance is produced and maintained. Also, the transformation by which energy is made available to the organism.
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METAMORPHOSIS
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Change of shape or structure, particularly a transition from one development stage to another, as from larva to adult form.
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METROLOGY
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The science of weights and measures.
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MICRO-ORGANISM
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A minute, living organism invisible to the naked eye; bacteria, fungi, viruses, and bacterial spores.
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MICTURATION
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Voiding; urinating.
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MINERALS
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Substances found in the Periodic Chart of Elements that serve critical functions in the body and can be found in a wide variety of food groups.
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MODE OF TRANSMISSION
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The mechanism by which the infectious agent is transmitted from its reservoir to a susceptible host. Air, water, food, dust, dirt insects, inanimate objects, and other person are examples of modes of transmission.
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MORBIDITY RATE
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An incidence rate that includes all persons in a particular population who become ill during a specific period of time.
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MORPHOLOGY
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The science of forms and structure of organized beings.
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MORTALITY RATE
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The number of deaths, reported in a particular population, over a specific period of time, divided by the total population, reported as deaths per 1,000 population. If the deaths are from one cause, then it is known as a disease-specific mortality rate.
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MOTTLED
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Marked with blotches or spots of different colors or shades.
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MUCUS
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A sticky substance secreted by mucous membranes.
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MYDRIATIC
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Any drug that dilates the pupil.
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MYELIN
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A lipid substance that forms a sheath around certain nerve fibers.
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MYELINATED
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Covered with a myelin sheath.
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NECROSIS
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The death of tissue, usually in small, localized areas.
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NON-TACTICAL TRIAGE
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Civilian sector triage with the primary purpose of treating the most vitally wounded patients first.
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NOSOCOMIAL
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Originating in a hospital.
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NOTICE
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A directive of a one-time or limited nature that has a self-canceling provision and the same force or effect as an instruction.
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NECROSIS
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The death of living tissue.
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NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE GINGIVITIS (NUG)
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A disease commonly referred to as trench mouth, or Vincent’s infection, characterized by redness, swelling, pain, accumulation of calculus around the sulcus of the teeth, and bleeding of the gingival tissues. Usually there is a film of necrotic white or grayish tissue around the teeth and the ulceration of the gingival crest results in a characteristic punched-out appearance and loss of the interdental papille.
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NUTIRENT
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A substance that contributes to growth or maintenance of the body.
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NUTRITION
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The total process of providing the body with nutriments, and assimilating and using them.
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OINTMENT
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A semisolid, fatty, or oily preparation of medicinal substances for external application.
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OLFACTORY
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Pertaining to the sense of smell.
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OLIGEMlA
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Deficiency in the volume of blood.
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OPERATING BUDGET
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The annual budget of an activity is assigned by the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), Fiscal Management Division, to major claimants.
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OPERATOR’S ZONE
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Between 8 and 11 o’clock; for left-handed dentists seated to the right of the patient, the operator’s zone is between 1 and 4 o’clock.
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OPHTHALMIC
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Pertaining to the eye.
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ORAL DIASTIMA
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Area between teeth where there is no contact point and the teeth do not touch.
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ORAL LESIONS
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Any pathological traumatic disorder of tissue that creates a loss of function of the area affected.
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ORAL PATHOLOGY
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The science that treats the nature, causes, and development of oral diseases; includes both the clinical and the microscopic study of structural and functional changes that cause, or are caused by, oral and other diseases.
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ORGANISM
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Any living thing.
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OSMOSIS
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The diffusion of fluids through a membrane or porous partition.
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OSSIFICATION
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Changing or developing into bone.
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OXIDATION
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The union of a substance with oxygen.
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PALPABLE
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Capable of being touched or felt.
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PALPITATION
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An abnormal, rapid, regular or irregular beating of the heart, felt by the patient.
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PARAPLEGIA
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Loss of motion and sensation of the lower half of the body.
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PARASITICIDES
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Drugs that kill parasites.
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PARENTERAL
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Administration of drugs by injection.
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PARESIS
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Slight or partial paralysis.
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PAROXYSM
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A sudden attack, or intensification of the symptoms of a disease, usually recurring periodically.
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PATHOGEN
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An organism capable of producing disease or causing infections.
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PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS
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Disease producing organisms.
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PATHOGENICITY
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The capability of an infectious agent to cause disease in a susceptible host.
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PERCUSSION
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The act of striking a body part with short, sharp blows as an aid in diagnosing the condition by evaluating the sound obtained.
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PERIAPICAL ABCESS
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Occurs when an infection of the pulpal tissue causes the pulp to become necrotic (die).
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PERIAPICAL ABSCESS
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Results when the pulp of the tooth has been inflamed and a small pus-like abscess forms in the pulpal canal.
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PERICORONITIS
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An inflammation of the gingival around a partially erupted tooth.
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PERINEAL
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The genital area between the vulva and the anus in a woman, and between the scrotum and the anus in a man.
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PERIODONTAL ABCESS
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Abscess caused by an infection of the periodontal tissues, usually resulting from long-continued irritation by food debris, deep deposits of calculus, or a foreign object packed in the sulcus or inter-proximal spaces.
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PERIODONTAL DISEASE
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All diseases of the periodontium that affect the tissues around and supporting the tooth.
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PERIODONTITIS
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Progressive loss of the alveolar bone around the teeth marked by the gradual loss of attachment of the periodontal tissues, usually resulting from untreated marginal gingivitis.
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PERIOSTEUM
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Pain center of the bone.
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PERIPHERAL
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Outward part or surface.
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PERSISTENT
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Stubborn; persevering.
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
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Protect equipment such as masks, goggles, gloves, and gowns worn by medical professionals to avoid exposure to infection and disease and prevent the spread of infection and disease to other patients.
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PESTS
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Undesirable organisms (insects, rodents, snakes, ect.) that adversely affect military operations and the well-being of man and animal; they attack real property, supplies, and equipment.
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PETECHIA (pl. petechiae)
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Around pinpoint, non-raised, purplish red spot caused by hemorrhage in the skin.
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pH
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Scale measuring the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
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PHAGOCYTOSIS
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The ingestion and destruction by phagocytes of cells, microorganisms, and other foreign matter in the blood or tissue.
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PHARMACOGNOSY
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The branch of pharmacology dealing with biological, biochemical, and economic features of natural medications and their constituents.
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PHYSIOLOGICAL
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Characteristic of or appropriate to an organism's functioning.
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PLAGUE
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An infectious disease to humans and animals caused by Yersinia pestis.
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PLEXUS
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Network.
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POISON
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A substance in solid, liquid, or gaseous form that, when introduced to the body through ingestion, inhalation, absorption, or injection produces a harmful effect on normal body structures or functions.
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PORTAL OF ENTRY
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The avenue by which the infectious agent enters the susceptible host.
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PORTAL OF EXIT
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The avenue by which the infectious agent leaves its reservoir.
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POSOLOGY
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The study of dosage and the criteria that influences it.
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POSTEXTRACTION ALVEOLAR OSTEITIS
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Commonly referred to as “dry socket,” occurs when a blood clot fails to form or washes out of the socket of a recently extracted tooth.
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PRECIPITATION
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The quality or state of being separated from solution or suspension by chemical or physical change, usually as an insoluble amorphous or crystalline solid.
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PRIAPISM
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A painful medical condition in which the penis or clitoris does not return to a normal flaccid state within four hours.
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PRONE
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Lying face down.
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PROPHYLACTIC
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The prevention of disease; preventive treatment.
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PROPHYLACTIC IMMUNIZATIONS
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Vaccines with effective and reliable immunizing agents used to protect the Navy and Marine Corps personnel against serious diseases prior to exposure.
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PROPORTION
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Two equal ratios considered simultaneously.
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PROSTRATION
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Total exhaustion or weakness.
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PROTIENS
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Commonly referred to as the “building blocks” of the body, 4 calories per gram.
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PROTOZOA
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Single-celled animals without a rigid cell wall that may cause parasitic disease; the majority are harmless and live on dead organic matter or bacteria.
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PRURITIS
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Intense itching.
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PSYCHOLOGICAL
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Belonging to or of the nature of psychology; the mental process.
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PULPALGIA
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Pain in the dental pulp that commonly occurs after a restoration has been placed in the tooth.
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PULPITIS
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An inflammation of the dental pulp.
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PULSE OXIMETER
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A medical device that measures the oxygen saturation of a patient’s blood and changes blood volume in the skin, producing a photoplethysmonograph (measured changes in light absorption).
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PURULENT
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Pus filled or containing pus.
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PUSTULE
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A small, inflamed elevation of the skin containing pus.
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QUADRAPLEGIA
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Loss of motion and sensation below the neck.
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RALES
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An abnormal sound, either moist or dry, classified by location (e.g., bronchial rales, laryngeal rales).
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RATIO
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The relationship of one quantity to another of like units.
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RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS
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Also known as canker sores, or painful ulcerations found in the vestibular and buccal mucosa, tongue, soft palate, and in the floor of the mouth.
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REGULATED WASTE
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Medical items that should be handled with extreme care to prevent any unintentional injury or the spread of blood borne diseases.
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RESERVOIR
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A carrier on which an infectious agent depends primarily for survival. Reservoirs can be man, plant, animal, or soil.
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RESISTANCE
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The sum total of body mechanisms that provide barriers to the invasion of infectious agents or their toxic products.
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RHABDOMYOLYSIS
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the rapid break down of muscle due to injury of muscle tissue.
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RHINORRHEA
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The free discharge of a thin nasal mucus.
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RHONCHUS
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(pl. rhoncii) A rattling throat sound due to partial obstruction; a dry coarse rale in the bronchial tubes.
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ROOT CANAL
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A dental operative procedure performed in order to save a tooth by removing the contents of its root canal and filing the cavity with a protective substance.
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SACRUM
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Triangular bone just below the lumbar vertebrae.
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SANITATION
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The hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human contact with the hazards of waste; The process of cleaning with soap and water or boiling to reduce the number of organisms to a safe level.
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SEPSIS
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The growth of pathogens in living tissue.
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SEROLOGY
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Procedures by which antigens and reacting serum globulin antibodies may be measured qualitatively and quantitatively.
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SERUM
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(pl. serums or sera) The watery portion of an animal fluid remaining after coagulation; plasma minus the clotting proteins and clotting cells.
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SHOCK
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Collapse of the cardiovascular system, characterized by circulatory deficiency and depression of vital functions.
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SIGN
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What you observe upon examination of the patient.
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SMALLPOX
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A serious, contagious, and sometimes fatal infectious disease caused by variola virus, that could prove to be an agent of bioterrorism.
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SOLUBILITY
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The ability of a solid to dissolve in a given amount of solvent.
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SPIRITS
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Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances.
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SPECIFIC GRAVITY
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The density of a solution compared to an equal volume of distilled water which usually varies directly with the amount of solids dissolved in the urine, and normally ranges from 1.015 to 1.030 during a 24-hour period.
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SPONSOR
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The active duty service member ultimately responsible for authorization the care of dependent family members.
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SPORE
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A microorganism in a resting or dormant state that renders it highly resistant to destruction.
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SPRAIN
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Injury to the ligaments and soft tissues that support a joint.
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STATIC ZONE
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Between 11 to 2 o’clock; a designated non-traffic area where equipment, such as nitrous oxide, can be placed with the top extending into the assistant’s zone.
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STERILE, STERILITY
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Free of all living organisms.
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STERILE FIELD
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A specified area, such as within a tray or on a sterile towel that is considered free of micro-organisms.
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STERILIZATION
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The process of destroying all organisms on a substance or article by exposure to physical or chemical agents; the process by which all organisms, including spores, are destroyed.
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STERNUTATORS
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Vomiting agents.
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STERTOROUS
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Snoring-type breathing sound.
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STOMATITIS
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Inflammation of the oral mucosa.
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STRAIN
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Forcible overstretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon.
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STRIATED
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Striped or streaked.
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STRIDOR
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A harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound such as the aspiratory sound often heard in acute laryngeal obstruction.
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SUBCUTANEOUS
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Under the skin.
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SUBLINGUAL
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Under the tongue.
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SUPERFICIAL
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Of or pertaining to the surface, lying on, not penetrating below.
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SUPINE
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Lying on the back.
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SURGICAL ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
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The practice that renders and keeps objects and areas free from all organisms.
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SURGICALLY CLEAN
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Clean but not sterile.
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SUSCEPTIBLE
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Not resistant. A person or animal who may acquire an infection or disease when exposed to a specific agent, because his or her resistance to the agent is lacking or reduced.
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SUSEPTIBLE HOST
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Man or another living organism that affords an infectious agent nourishment or protection to survive and multiply.
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SUSPECT
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A person who may have acquired a communicable disease; it is indicated by the medical history and clinical presentation.
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SUSPENSION
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A coarse dispersion of finely divided insoluble material suspended in a liquid medium.
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SYMPTOM
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What the patient tells you about his or her disease or injury upon examination.
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SYNCOPE
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Faintness or actual fainting.
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SYNERGIST
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A medicine that aids or cooperates with another.
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SYRUP
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Concentrated aqueous solutions of sucrose, containing flavoring or medicinal substances.
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TACHYCARDlA
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Excessively rapid heartbeat, usually over 100.
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TACHYPNEA
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Breathing too fast; Abnormally high breathing rate.
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TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE (TCCC)
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Care for patients during combat centered around blunt trauma and tactical variables, primarily based around three definitive phases – care under fire, tactical field care, and tactical evacuation care.
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TACTICAL TRIAGE
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Military style triage with the primary purpose of keeping the largest number of patients in battle.
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TAENIAFUGE
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A drug that expels tapeworms without necessarily killing them.
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TENDON
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A fibrous cord by which a muscle is attached to the skeleton.
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TERMINAL
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Done after a patient has been discharged or transferred.
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THERAPEUTIC DOSE
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The normal adult dose, usual dose, or average dose.
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THORACIC
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Pertaining to or affecting the chest.
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THROMBUS
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A plug or clot in a blood vessel or in one of the cavities of the heart, formed by coagulation of the blood. It remains where it was formed.
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TINCTURE
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Usually an alcoholic solution of animal or vegetable drugs.
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TINNITUS
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Ringing in the ears.
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TOXEMIA
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Poisonous products in the blood.
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TOXICOLOGY
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The science of poisons.
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TOXINS
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Poisons; Harmful substances produced by a variety of living organisms, like bacteria, plants, and animals that are not man-made, non-volatile, and usually not dermally active.
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TRACHEOSTOMY
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Surgically creating an opening into the trachea.
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TRANSFER ZONE
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Between 4 and 8 o’clock; instruments are passed and received in this zone over the chest and at the chin of the patient.
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TRIAGE
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Sorting casualties to determine priority of treatment.
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TRITURATION
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A process of reducing a solid to a very fine powder by grinding in a mortar and pestle.
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TULAREMIA
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Also known as “rabbit fever,” a disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis, typically found in animals, especially rodents, rabbits, hares, and ticks.
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ULCER
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A disruption of the superficial covering of the mucosa or skin.
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UNIT DOSE
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The quality of materials or supplies required to treat a single patient.
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UREMIA
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A condition resulting from waste products not being removed efficiently by the kidneys so that they remain in the blood.
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URTICARIA
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Hives or welts.
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VASCULAR
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Pertaining to blood vessels.
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VASOCONSTRICTOR
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An agent that constricts the blood vessels.
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VASODILATOR
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An agent that dilates the blood vessels.
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VECTOR
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Any animal capable of transmitting pathogens or producing human or animal discomfort or injury.
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VENIPUNCTURE
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The puncture of a vein for drawing blood.
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VERMICIDE
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A drug that expels worms without necessarily killing them.
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VERTIGO
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Dizziness.
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VESICLES
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A small elevation that contains fluid.
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VESICANT
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A blistering drug or agent.
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VESICATION
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The process of blistering.
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VESICLE
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A small blister.
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VIRULENCE
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The degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism or its ability to invade the tissues of the host.
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VIRUSES
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Disease causing micro-organisms that cannot live long or reproduce outside of a living body; they are much smaller than bacteria, variable in size, and can usually be cured by immersion in boiling water and antibiotics.
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VITAMINS
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Essential, non-calorie containing compounds found in food and needed in the body in small amounts; vitamins mainly act as enzymes or catalysts and they assist in making necessary chemical reactions occur in the body.
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WOUND
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An injury that causes break in the skin, underlying soft tissue structures, or body membranes.
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WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS
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Controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the way one performs a task such as having patients brush their teeth or using antiseptic mouthwash before beginning a procedure.
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YOUNG’S RULE
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The rule governing pediatric doses based on age; age of the child in years is the numerator, and the age plus 12 is the denominator. This fraction is then multiplied by the normal adult dose.
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