Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is syrinx ? |
It is cord dilatation |
|
|
Mention 2 types of syrinx? |
Hydromyelia Syringomyelia |
|
|
What is the difference BTW hydromyelia and syringomyelia ? |
Hydro >>> lined by ependyma Syringo>> not lined by ependyma Clinically they are the same |
|
Finding Diagnosis |
Central cord high signal intensity with normal cord signal Central cord dilatation ( benign cord dilatation ) 90% congenital |
|
|
What does it mean syrinx with myelopathy? |
Central cord dilatation with grayish cord due to atrophy from compression |
|
|
Mention associated diseases with syrinx ? 4 |
Chiari I and II Dandy Walker syndrome Klippel feil syndrome ( fused cervical vertebra thing) Myelomeningiocele |
|
Finding Diagnosis Buzzword |
Magnetic resonance imaging (a and b) T2-weighted sagittal image showing long segment linear hyperintensity in lower cervical cord. (c) Axial T2-weighted image showing antero-central cord hyperintensity (owl eye sign Anterior spinal artery infarction |
|
|
Commonest cause of anterior spinal cord artery is ? Other ? |
Idiopathic Post endovascular stenting of aorta at T8-11 with blockage of Adamkiewicz artery. |
|
|
MRI features of anterior spinal cord artery infarction? |
High t2 signal of the centre and anterior horn cells ( owl sign) 🦉 Involving at least 2 vertebral bodies in height |
|
|
MS in the cord Commonest location How many segments Complication |
Cervical cord Less than 2 vertebral segments usually Cord atrophy if large enough |
|
|
Transverse myelitis Causes 6 How many segments Feature |
Infectious, post vaccine, SLE, sjogren Paraneoplastic and AVM More than 2 vertebral bodies At least 2/3 of the cross sectional area is involved |
|
|
ADEM Cause 1 Lesion commonly seen involving ----- Pearl finding suggestive of ADEM ? ADEM favour ------ over MS Lab test |
Viral illness child / young adult Dorsal white matter but involve grey matter Enhancement of cranial nerves Basal ganglia and pons * unusual in MS Anti MOG IgG test positive in 50% |
|
Finding Diagnosis |
Multiple T2 hyperintense lesions most prominent at C4 level, with an enhancing plaque at C2/3. Spinal cord MS plaques |
|
Finding Diagnosis |
Extensive increased T2 signal and expansion of the cord is seen extending between C7 and T12. The T2 signal abnormality involves central grey matter and dorsal columns. Linear sagittally oriented enhancement is seen posteriorly within the cord in the mid and lower thoracic cord. Transverse myelitis |
|
Young boy post viral infection Findings Diagnosis |
Long segment of high t2 signal with cord expansion and no enhancement ADEM ( in Transverse myelitis there is enhancement usually) |
|
|
NMO also called ------- Triad of ? |
Devics disease Optic neuritis Transverse myelitis more than 3 segments No evidence of SLE or sjogren |
|
|
Where NMO like to involve in the brain and why? |
Periventricular area Because NMO IgG attack the aquaporin 4 channel were are concentrated in the Periventricular region |
|
Finding Diagnsois Other differential? |
Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord due to B12 deficiency. Abnormal bilateral high T2 cord signal in the dorsal columns over a relative long length. Untreated AIDS patient ( HIV vacuolar myelopathy) |
|
|
MRI Features of B12 deficiency in spine? 2 |
High T2 signal of the dorsal columns bilaterally ( v shaped sign) Not enhancing |
|
|
Spinal cord Owl's sign seen in ? 2 |
Anterior spinal artery infarction Polio myelitis |
|
Finding Diagnosis Buzzwords |
MRI demonstrates characteristic appearances of arachnoiditis with an empty theca sign (cauda equina nerve roots are adherent to the margins of the dura and clumped). Empty thecal sac sign Central nerve root clumping |
|
|
Causes of arachnoiditis? 2 |
Post surgery Infectious |
|
Finding Diagnosis |
The roots of the cauda equina (both dorsal and ventral) are seen to be enhancing. Guillian Barre syndrome |
|
|
Other term for Guillian Barre syndrome? Causes ? 3 Most common cranial nerve involved is? Enhancement is seen commonly in? |
Acute inflammatory demylinating polyneuropathy ( AIDP) Compylobacter Post surgery SLE and lymphoma patients Facial nerve Anterior spinal roots enhances more than posterior ones |
|
|
Classic presentation of Guillian Barre syndrome? |
Ascending flaccid paralysis |
|
|
Chronic inflammatory demylinating polyneuropathy ( CIDP)
Cause? Clinical presentation? Classical finding in MRI? |
Is chronic form of Guillian Barre syndrome
Gradual and protracted weakness
Thickened enhancing ( onion bulb nerve roots) |
|
Finding Diagnosis |
MRI demonstrates thickening and clumping of cauda equina nerve roots. Chronic inflammatory demylinating polyneuropathy ( is chronic Guillian Barre syndrome) |
